Index
A
ABM. See Averting behavior model
Absolute ownership, 107
Acceptable risk, 118
Agricultural uses, 15, 17, 27, 69, 113, 130-131, 140-141.
See also Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution
AGU. See American Geophysical Union
AGWSE. See Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers
Air stripping, 43
Allocation of ground water, 1-2, 51-57, 106-114
American Geophysical Union (AGU), 124
American Water Resource Association (AWRA), 124
Appropriation doctrine. See Regulatory measures
See also individual aquifers
capacity of, 169
as managed storage facilities, 21, 146
recharge capability of, 26 (See also Recharge)
as three-dimensional, 32
transmissivity of, 170
Ground Water Management Act of 1980, 113-114, 154, 157
Asset value. See Stock value
Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers (AGWSE), 124
Averting behavior model (ABM), 7, 9, 75-79, 87-90, 169
AWRA. See American Water Resource Association
B
Bacterial contaminants. See Pathogenic microbes
benefits of, 36
Benefit-cost analysis (BCA), 56, 65, 106, 114, 120, 169
Benefits, 169
direct versus indirect (See Service flows)
See also Intergenerational equity
Best management practices (BMPs), 117
Bioeconomic assessment, 28
Bioremediation, 43
Brackish reject concentrate. See Reverse osmosis
Buffer value, 2, 21, 60, 77, 139, 141, 146, 159-162, 170
Bush, President George, 11
BV. See Bequest value
C
Arvin-Edison, 12, 128-129, 140-142
Orange County, 12, 128-129, 142-148
San Joaquin Valley, 39
Capture, law of, 4, 37, 113, 171
See also specific states
lessons learned, 164-165
summarized, 127-130
CERCLA. See Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Chlorinated hydrocarbons. See Organic contaminants
Clean Water Act (CWA), 10, 114, 116-117
Clinton, President William, 11
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), 116
COI. See Cost of illness method
Colorado, 112
Command-and-control approaches, 10
Commerce Department. See U.S. Department of Commerce
Committee on Ground Water Cleanup Alternatives, 26
Commodity prices, 57
Common law doctrines, 106-111
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA), 1, 10, 44, 115, 149
Computer capacity, inadequate, 45
Cone of depression, 35, 109-110, 170
Confined aquifer. See Aquifer
Conjoint analysis. See Contingent valuation method (CVM)
little incentive for, 37
Consumers, basis of valuation, 49-50
Consumptive use, 170
See also Hazardous waste contamination;
Hydrologic cycle, anthropogenic modifications of;
Maximum contaminant levels (MCLs);
and specific contaminants
containing, 44
laws regulating, 10
protecting against, 15, 17, 116-117
Contingent valuation method (CVM), 6-9, 27-28, 69, 76, 82-87, 90-100, 170
cautions about using, 83-85
questionnaire, sample of, 84, 174-176
Corps of Engineers, 124
Correlative rights, 107-108
Cost-benefit analysis. See Benefit-cost analysis (BCA)
Cost of illness (COI) method, 7, 9, 75, 78
Costs, 14, 25-26, 31, 35, 37, 74-77, 160, 170
dynamic, 72
of water treatment, 42-44, 118-119
Current use value. See Use value
CVM. See Contingent valuation method
CWA. See Clean Water Act
CZMA. See Coastal Zone Management Act
D
Deep aquifers. See Aquifers
Deep-well injection, 42
Defense Department. See U.S. Department of Defense
Depletion, 32-35
Depression. See Cone of depression
Derived demand method. See Costs
Dealination, low pressure. See Nanofiltration
Direct approaches, 28, 82-86, 90-99, 170
Discharge. See Depletion
Discounting, 5-6, 54-56, 65-66, 170.
See also Future value (FV);
Risk premiums
Disposal options, 42
Disutility, measuring. See Contingent valuation method (CVM)
Diversity. See Wildlife habitat
Double counting errors, 8, 20, 99
See also Buffer value
Dynamic price, 71-73
E
Eastern correlative rights. See Correlative rights
Ecological diversity. See Wildlife habitat
Economics of environmental resources, 2, 4, 65, 68-86
methods for, 73-86
Economics of ground water use, 37-40, 57
analyzing, 60-65
current knowledge of, 86-99
Edwards Aquifer, 112
Energy Department. See U.S. Department of Energy
Environmental economics. See Economics of environmental resources;
Economics of ground water use
Environmental Protection Agency, 1-2, 9-11, 17, 28, 90, 100, 114-119, 123-125
Environmental quality. See Quality of ground water;
Willingness to accept (WTA);
Willingness to pay (WTP)
Estimating implicit prices. See Hedonic price method (HPM)
EV. See Existence value
Evaporation ponds, 42
Existence value (EV), 85-86, 98, 132, 162, 170
Exploitation. See Open access resource;
Optimal time rate of use
Extractive costs. See Costs
Extractive uses, 58-59
history of, 14-19
Extractive value, 2, 8, 17, 20, 62-63, 164, 170
Exxon Valdez oil spill, 86
F
Fairness issues, 56-57
Farm policies, 57.
See also Policy-making
Fecal material. See Pathogenic microbes
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 116
Flood flows, 21
Flow value, 20
Fossil water. See Aquifers, deep
Free-rider behavior errors, 83
Fuel hydrocarbons. See Organic contaminants
Future value (FV), 70-71, 105, 171
G
Global cycles, 32
Gross benefits. See Benefit-cost analysis (BCA)
Ground water, 58-60.
See also Allocation of ground water;
Economics of ground water use;
Quality of ground water;
Value of ground water
defined, 169
dependence on, 21
managing, 65
rights, 121-122
saline (See Intrusion of sea water)
Ground Water Vulnerability Assessment, 64
H
Habitat value, 162-163
Habitats
aquatic, 38
wildlife (See Wildlife habitats)
Hazardous waste contamination, 26.
See also Superfund sites
Health-based regulation, 118-119, 164
Hedonic price method (HPM), 9, 69, 75-76, 79-81, 161-162, 171
HPM. See Hedonic price method
Human health perspectives. See Health-based regulation
Hydraulic conductivity, 33-35, 170
Hydrocarbons. See Organic contaminants
Hydroelectric uses, 15
Hydrologic cycle, 31-36
anthropogenic modifications of, 32-33, 41-42, 57, 62
Hydrologic uncertainty, 44-45
Hydrostatic pressure. See Potentiometric surface
I
Illness, cost of. See Cost of illness (COI)
Implicit prices, estimating. See Hedonic price method (HPM)
Incremental value, 160-161, 171
Indirect approaches, 7, 9, 27-28, 74-81, 87-90, 171
Infinite value, 1
In situ services, 17, 20, 63, 159, 171 defined, 2, 60
Institutions, decision-making by, 51-55, 154-156
Integrated plan. See Conjunctive use
Interactions. See Conjunctive use
Interdisciplinary study, 165
Interflow, 32
Intergenerational equity, 5, 56, 171
Interior Department. See U.S. Department of the Interior
Intertemporal optimization, 48, 162
Intrusion of sea water, 2, 21, 39-40, 60, 142-145
Ion exchange, 43
Irreversibility, 171
Irrigation uses, 15
Israel, 77
K
Knowledge of respondents, presumed, 94
L
Land subsidence. See Subsidence of land surface
Land use planning, 17
Law of capture. See Capture
Legal considerations, 10, 121-122
M
Management practices. See Best management practices (BMPs);
Ground water;
Watersheds;
Wildlife habitats
Mandates. See Unfunded mandates
Marginal user cost. See Opportunity costs
Marginal value, 171
Market value, 6, 13-14, 76, 171.
See also Water marketing
Massachusetts
Boston, 87-90
Maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), 114-115, 157
MCLs. See Maximum contaminant levels
Measurements, imprecise, 45
Membrane filtration. See Nanofiltration;
Reverse osmosis
Model uncertainty, 45
Municipal water use, 77, 137, 142, 146-148
N
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 8, 82, 86, 124
National Research Council (NRC), 2, 26, 28-29, 44
National Science Foundation, 123
National Water Research Institute, 2
Natural discharge, 171
Natural recharge. See Aquifers, deep
Natural resource damage assessment (NRDA), 86
Natural resource districts (NRDs), 111
Natural resource valuation. See Economics of environmental resources
Nebraska, 110-111
Negotiated transactions value. See Market value
Neoclassical welfare economics. See Welfare economics
Albuquerque, 12, 128-129, 136-140
Nitrate contaminants, 92, 130-131
NOAA. See National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Nonmarket value, 8, 27, 54, 69, 74-86, 171
Nonorganic contaminants. See Nitrate contaminants
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, 32, 116-117, 171
Nonrenewable resource. See Safe yield
Nonuse value, 6-9, 17, 20, 49-50, 98-99, 171
NPS. See Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution
NRC. See National Research Council
NRDA. See Natural resource damage assessment
NRDs. See Natural resource districts
O
Ocean discharge, 42
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 120
Oil Pollution Control Act of 1990, 86
Oklahoma, 34
OMB. See Office of Management and Budget
Open access resource, 4, 37, 171
Opportunity costs, 56, 78, 161
Optimal time rate of use, 71-72
Oregon, Treasure Valley, 12, 128-132
Organic contaminants, 41, 43, 79, 149
Osmotic processes. See Reverse osmosis
Overdrafting, 4, 38-39, 45, 137, 172
P
PAHs. See Organic contaminants
Parasites. See Pathogenic microbes
Passive use value. See Nonuse value
Payment vehicle, 96-97
Pennsylvania, 87-90
Laurel Ridge, 12, 128-129, 133-136
Percolation. See Recharge
Permeability. See Hydraulic conductivity
Permits. See Regulatory measures
Phenols. See Organic contaminants
Phthalates. See Organic contaminants
Piezometric surface. See Potentiometric surface
Point source pollution, 15, 57, 114-115
See also Water marketing;
Welfare economics
changing priorities, 118-121
Pollution. See Contamination;
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution;
Point source pollution
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). See Organic contaminants
Pore water pressure, 170
Potentiometric surface, 33-35, 172
Prescriptive rights, 109
Presumed knowledge. See Knowledge of respondents, presumed
Price elasticity, 77
Production costs. See Costs
Property rights, 121-122
Property values. See Hedonic price method (HPM)
Protozoan contaminants. See Pathogenic microbes
Public perceptions, 26, 59, 90, 95-97, 174-175
Public policy. See Policy-making
Pumping rate. See Aquifers, transmissivity of;
Cone of depression
Pump taxes. See Taxes, pump
Q
Quality of ground water, 10, 24-26, 40-45, 53.
See also Contamination;
Remediating ground water
protecting, 114-118
Quantity of ground water. See Ground water, balance of
R
Rainfall, 62-63
Rate of time preference, 172
RCRA. See Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Reagan, President Ronald, 10, 119
Recharge, 32-35, 122, 159-160, 172.
See also Aquifers, deep;
Safe yield
Recommendations, 45-46, 66, 100, 125.
See also Research needed
Recreational value, 2, 59, 134, 172.
See also Travel cost method
Recycling, 15.
See also Remediating ground water
Regulatory impact assessments (RIAs), 119-121, 172
Regulatory measures, 108-111.
See also Quotas;
Taxes, pump
Remediating ground water, 25, 172.
See also Bioremediation;
Effluent, treated;
Restoration
laws regulating, 10
Renovating ground water. See Remediating ground water
Research needed, 9, 11, 46, 122-124
Resource allocation. See Allocation
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 10, 44, 115
Resource units, 169
Revealed preferences approaches. See Indirect approaches
Reverse osmosis, 43, 156-158, 172
RIAs. See Regulatory impact assessments
Rights. See Correlative rights;
Extractive rights;
Ground water rights;
Prescriptive rights;
Property rights
Riparian habitats. See Habitats, riparian
Risk assessment, 8, 106, 114, 120.
See also Acceptable risk
Risk premiums, 8
Riverine habitats. See Habitats, riparian
Runoff. See Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution
S
SAB. See Science Advisory Board
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), 10, 17, 114-115, 117, 120, 133
Safety of public water supplies
perceptions of (See Public perceptions)
willingness to pay for, 175-176
Salt water intrusion. See Intrusion of sea water
Sampling errors, 45
SARA. See Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
Scarcity, 56
Science Advisory Board (SAB), 1
SDWA. See Safe Drinking Water Act
Semipermeable membrane. See Reverse osmosis
potential, 21-24
Shortages, buffering. See Buffer value
Silvicultural use. See Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution
Starting point bias, 83-84
Statistical errors, 45
Steady-state equilibrium, 4, 36, 38
Stochastic modeling, 165
Stock value, 20
Subsidence of land surface, 2-3, 21, 38, 138, 154
disruptions caused by, 39, 60, 161
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), 10, 117, 149
See also Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act;
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Superfund sites, 44, 117-118, 149-152
Supply disruptions. See Buffer value
See also Value of surface water
flow reductions in, 39-40
Surfical aquifers. See Aquifers, unconfined
Surrogate measures, 3
Survey-based techniques. See Contingent valuation method (CVM)
Sustainable yield. See Safe yield
T
Takings, 121-122
TCE. See Trichloroethylene
TCM. See Travel cost method
TDS. See Total dissolved solids
Technology-based regulation, 119.
See also Treatment technologies
TEV. See Total economic value
Houston/Baytown region, 39
San Antonio, 112
Time-dependent benefit or cost. See Dynamic price;
Future value (FV);
Intertemporal optimization;
Present value
Total dissolved solids (TDS), 158, 161
Total economic value (TEV), 2-12, 48-50, 63-65, 100, 112, 123-125, 150, 164, 172
Transaction value. See Market value
Transferring water rights. See Water marketing
Travel cost method (TCM), 27, 69, 75, 81, 172
Treatment technologies, 42-43
Trichloroethylene (TCE), 149, 151-152
U
Uncertainty, 95, 151-153, 163.
See also Hydrologic uncertainty
Unconfined aquifer. See Aquifer
Underground storage tanks (USTs), 10, 115
Unfunded Mandates Act of 1995, 120-121
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 156
U.S. Constitution, 121
U.S. Department of Commerce, 86
U.S. Department of Energy, 2, 17, 123
U.S. Department of the Interior, 118
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 137
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 15, 124, 137
Use conflicts, 134
Use value, 6-7, 11, 17, 20, 172-173
USGS. See U.S. Geological Survey
USTs. See Underground storage tanks
V
Validity issues, 8
Valuation framework, 5-6, 47-67.
See also Total economic value (TEV)
Valuation of natural resources. See Economics of environmental resources
Value.
See also Transfer value
Value of ground water.
See also Bequest value (BV);
Buffer value;
Existence value (EV);
Extractive value;
Flow value;
Future value (FV);
Habitat value;
Incremental value;
Infinite value;
In situ value;
Marginal value;
Market value;
Nonmarket value;
Nonuse value;
Option value;
Present value;
Recreational value;
Stock value;
Total economic value (TEV);
Use value
alternative methods, 25
history of, 13-28
taxonomies of, 17, 20, 49, 59-60, 173
Value of surface water, 14
Viral contaminants. See Pathogenic microbes
Volatile organic contaminants. See Organic contaminants
W
Waivers, 114
Waste disposal sites.
See also Hazardous waste contamination
laws regulating, 10
Water protection district, 175-176
Water quality, sources of information about, 175-176
Water rights. See Ground water, rights
managing, 35
Water table. See Potentiometric surface
Welfare economics, 74, 171, 173
Well drilling, laws regulating, 24
Wellhead protection (WHP) programs, 17, 117
Well interference conflicts, 109-110
Western correlative rights. See Correlative rights
WHP. See Wellhead protection (WHP) programs
Wildlife habitats
destruction of, 25
diversity of, 2
Willingness to accept (WTA), 6-7, 74, 82, 173
Willingness to pay (WTP), 6-7, 31, 40, 74-75, 78-82, 93, 173
meaningless estimates of, 85
Withdrawals. See Extractive uses
WTA. See Willingness to accept
WTP. See Willingness to pay
Y
Yea saying bias, 84
Yield. See Safe yield
Z
Zoning, 117