TABLE 3-1 Major Sexually Transmitted Infection Microbial Agents and Their Effects
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Sexually Transmitted Infection
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Acute Disease
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Chronic Disease
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Pregnancy-Associated Disease
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Bacterial
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Urethritis; Cervicitis; Salpingitis
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Infertility; Ectopic pregnancy; Chronic pelvic pain
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Prematurity; Septic abortion; Ophthalmia neonatorum; Postpartum endometritis
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Urethritis; Cervicitis; Salpingitis
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Infertility; Ectopic pregnancy; Chronic pelvic pain
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Ophthalmia neonatorum; Pneumonia Postpartum endometritis; Prematurity (?)
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Treponema pallidum
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Primary and secondary syphilis
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Neurosyphilis; Cardiovascular syphilis; Gumma
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Spontaneous abortion; Stillbirth; Congenital syphilis
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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Genital ulcer
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None known
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None known
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Viral
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Human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV)
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Mononucleosis-like syndrome
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AIDS
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Prematurity; Stillbirth; Perinatal HIV infection
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Human papilloma virus (HPV)
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Genital warts
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Genital cancer
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Laryngeal papillomatosis
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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
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Genital ulcer
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Recurrent; genital herpes
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Congenital and neonatal; HSV; Prematurity
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
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Acute hepatitis
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Chronic hepatitis; Cirrhosis; Hepatoma; Vasculitis
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Perinatal HBV
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Parasitic
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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Vaginitis; Urethritis
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Prematurity; Low birthweight
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(?), Evidence is weaker than for other effects.
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SOURCE: Adapted from Brunham and Ronald (1991:62).
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