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Vaccines for the 21st Century: A Tool for Decisionmaking
Aggregation
ethical issues, 117–118 , 119
quality-adjusted life years, 2 , 56
AIDS, see Human immunodeficiency virus
American Academy of Pediatrics, 45 , 126
American College Health Association, 49
Americans with Disabilities Act, 112–113
Animal models, 419 , 423 , 425 , 426–427 , 436
adjuvants, 373–374 , 375 , 376
antigen delivery, 378–379 , 380
autoimmune diseases, 386–387 , 388–395 , 399–403 , 404–407
chlamydia, 349 , 350–351
cholera, 376
Coccidiodes immitis , 357 , 358–359
costimulation 408
diabetes, 386–387 , 388–395
DNA vaccines, 382–383
Epstein-Barr virus, 333–334
gonorrhea, 368–369 , 371
Helicobacter pylori , 365–366
hepatitis C virus, 335 , 336 , 337 , 338
herpes simplex virus, 328–329
Histoplasma capsulatum 357–358
papillomaviruses, 340–341
programmed T-cell death, 397
streptococcus, group A, 361–362 , 363
Antigens, 18 , 20 , 26–27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 40 , 377–381 , 412 , 417 , 420–424 , 432
acellular, 11 , 18 , 20 , 28 , 30 , 129 , 446
autoimmune disease, 35–38
chlamydia, 350–351
Coccidiodes immitis , 358–359
dengue virus, 346
diabetes, 387–388
DNA vaccines, 381–386
gonorrhea, 368–371
Helicobacter pylori , 367
hepatitis B virus, 378
hepatitis C virus, 337
Helicobacter pylori , 364
Histoplasma capsulatum 358
influenza virus, 223
multiple sclerosis, 399 , 400
polio, 24
programmed T-cell death, 37 , 395–399 , 409 , 410–411
streptococcus, group A, 360
see also B cells; T cells
Apoptosis, 37 , 395–399 , 409 , 410–411
Attenuated live viruses, 19 , 20 , 379
herpes simplex virus, 328–329
mycobacterium tuberculosis, 352
polio, 24–25
Attitudes
physicians, 47
public complacency and fear, 9 , 46 , 73–74 , 130
vaccine acceptance, 11 , 20
Autoimmune diseases, 1 , 12 , 35–38 , 45 , 380 , 399–407
animal models, 386–387 , 388–395 , 399–403 , 404–407
antigens, 35–38
diabetes mellitus, 6 , 35 , 37 , 37 , 54 , 67 , 87 , 90 , 233–238 , 386–389 , 391 , 392 , 393–395 , 403
cancer therapy, 427–429 , 431
multiple sclerosis, 6 , 35 , 54 , 87 , 245–249 , 397 , 399–400
programmed T-cell death, 397–399
rheumatoid arthritis, 6 , 35 , 54 , 67 , 87 , 285–290 , 403
T cells, 35–38 , 233 , 245 , 389–391 , 392–395 , 399–406 (passim)
B
Barriers to research and development, 11 , 13 , 90 , 130–131
see also Litigation; Market forces
B cells, 28 , 32 , 35 , 380 , 381 , 436
adjuvants, 372 , 376
autoimmune disease, 36 , 37
diabetes, 387 , 391
Epstein-Barr virus, 330 , 332 , 334
Helicobacter pylori , 364
streptococcus, group A, 362
see also Mucosal immunity
