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Proliferation Concerns: Assessing U.S. Efforts to Help Contain Nuclear and Other Dangerous Materials and Technologies in the Former Soviet Union 132 PROLIFERATION CONCERNS Appendix B Site Visits and Meetings of Committee United States General discussions of bilateral materials protection, control, and accountability (MPC&A) and export control programs. Department of Defense Discussions of bilateral MPC&A programs, including the current status of MPC&A systems in the former Soviet Union (FSU) and the character and impact of U.S. activities in the region. Department of Energy Nuclear Regulatory Commission Discussions of bilateral export control programs, including the current status of export control systems in the FSU and the impact of U.S. activities in the region. Department of State Department of Commerce Department of Energy Department of Defense Customs Service Informal views on advanced technology manufacturing capabilities in the FSU and export control issues. Kiser Research, Inc. Lawyers Alliance for World Security 132 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Proliferation Concerns: Assessing U.S. Efforts to Help Contain Nuclear and Other Dangerous Materials and Technologies in the Former Soviet Union APPENDIX B 133 Briefings and tours directed to capabilities necessary to develop nuclear weap- ons, detailed aspects of bilateral MPC&A programs, export control issues in the nuclear area, and MPC&A system requirements. Los Alamos National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratories Russia General discussions of MPC&A and export control problems and the role of U.S. agencies in addressing these problems, with particular attention to nuclear smuggling. U.S. embassy staff Visits to facilities to become familiar with MPC&A programs that were in place and under development and to review the activities of specialists from DOE. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy (Moscow) Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (Obninsk) Machine Building Enterprise (Electrostal) Luch Scientific Production Association (Podolsk) Discussions of the design, development, and production of equipment for use in MPC&A systems. Institute of Automatics (Moscow) Eleron (Moscow) Discussions of the general approaches to MPC&A at the national level, including the threat of nuclear diversions and the importance of bilateral cooperation. Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation State Committee for Nuclear Protection Attendance at an international conference devoted to all aspects of MPC&A systems and the relationships of such systems to the general issue of nonprolif- eration. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy (Moscow) Discussions of nuclear contamination and nuclear safety problems, particularly problems associated with naval activities. Institute of Nuclear Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Proliferation Concerns: Assessing U.S. Efforts to Help Contain Nuclear and Other Dangerous Materials and Technologies in the Former Soviet Union 134 PROLIFERATION CONCERNS Discussions of the development of the export control system, relationship of the national system to international control regimes, responsibility of enterprises, problems of enforcement, and importance and impact of bilateral cooperation. Federal Service for Currency and Export Control Ministry for Defense Industries Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation Ministry for Science and Technology Policy State Committee for Military Technology Policy Federal Customs Committee Visits to facilities involved in the production and sales of dual-use items. Khrunichev Space Production Organization (Moscow) Institute for Radio Electronics (Fryazino) IRE-Polus Company (Fryazino) Seminar with Russian research institute managers on dual-use technologies under development in the fields of electronics and materials. Russian Academy of Sciences Seminar with Russian enterprise managers on the awareness of Russian industry as to export control requirements and steps to assist in compliance with such requirements. Center for Export Control Informal meetings in Moscow with Russian experts. Seminar organized by Monterey Institute of International Studies. Discussions with MPC&A experts from Kurchatov Institute for Atomic Energy. Discussions with independent experts on MPC&A and export control. Kazakstan General discussions of MPC&A and export control problems and the role of U.S. agencies in addressing these problems, with particular attention to reducing the nuclear inventory and coping with smuggling across unguarded frontiers. U.S. embassy staff Discussion of nuclear problems and opportunities and the importance of bilateral cooperation. Ministry of Science and Technology Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Proliferation Concerns: Assessing U.S. Efforts to Help Contain Nuclear and Other Dangerous Materials and Technologies in the Former Soviet Union APPENDIX B 135 Visits to facilities to become familiar with MPC&A programs that were in place and under development and to review the activities of specialists from DOE. National Nuclear Center (Almaty) Mangyshlak Power Generation Company (Aktau) Discussions of the development of the export control system, relationship of the national system to international control regimes, responsibility of enterprises, problems of enforcement, and importance and impact of bilateral cooperation. Office of the President Ministry of Foreign Affairs Atomic Energy Agency Ministry of the Economy Customs Service Belarus General discussions of export control problems and the role of U.S. agencies in addressing these problems, with particular attention to the problem of open borders. U.S. embassy staff Discussions of the development of the export control system, with special emphasis on the importance of an export control law, interagency cooperation on export control, and the proliferation risk resulting from Belarus being a transit state. Interagency meeting hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations General discussions of export control problems, awareness of Belarusan officials as to the risk of proliferation, and importance and impact of bilateral cooperation. Office of the President Minsk Central Customs Belarus Border Guards Institute of National Security, State Security Committee Supreme Council Commission on Security and Prevention of Crime Discussion of the in-country logistics support (equipment installation and main- tenance) provided under the U.S.-Belarusan bilateral program. Hughes Aircraft Systems International Informal meetings with Belarusan experts. International Institute for Policy Studies Development and Security Research Institute Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Proliferation Concerns: Assessing U.S. Efforts to Help Contain Nuclear and Other Dangerous Materials and Technologies in the Former Soviet Union 136 PROLIFERATION CONCERNS Ukraine General discussions of MPC&A problems and the role of U.S. agencies in ad- dressing these problems. U.S. embassy staff Visits to facilities to become familiar with MPC&A programs that were in place and under development and to review the activities of specialists from DOE. Kiev Institute of Nuclear Research Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology Discussions of the general approaches to MPC&A and export control at the national level. Ministry for Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Non-Proliferation, Export Controls, and Conversion Cabinet of Ministers, Expert Technical Committee Attendance at an international workshop on export control development and implementation, with special emphasis on the aerospace industry. Organized by the International Institute for Strategic Studies Informal meetings with Ukrainian experts. Institute of International Relations, Kiev University Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
