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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 45 (1974)

Chapter: Victor Kuhn LaMer

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Suggested Citation:"Victor Kuhn LaMer." National Academy of Sciences. 1974. Biographical Memoirs: Volume 45. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/568.
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VICTOR KUHN LaMER June Z5, lS95-September 26, Z966 BY LOUIS P. HAMMETT VICTOR LaMER had a lifelong devotion to the cause of good science and good teaching of science. That he was a per- fectionist shows throughout his scientific work. In everything he did the background in principle was thoroughly studied, the experimentation was of the highest possible precision and showed the most careful attention to detail and to completeness, and the publications that resulted were clear and effective. He had the ability and the willingness, which are all too rare, to recognize the limitations of a theory as well as its strengths. In many areas his work remains a key reference, sometimes even after several decades. He taught a central course in the graduate curriculum in chemistry at Columbia University, and he taught it with a con- tinuing interest that reached deeply into the history of the subject as well as into the logic of its organization. He expected much of his students: He could be emphatic in his disapproval of carelessness or incompetence, but he could be equally em- phatic in his praise of ability and accomplishment. He gave richly of his time and his energy to the doctoral candidates who worked with him. He schooled them well in his own principles of probity, precision, and thoroughness, and they looked on him with respect and affection. LaMer's own doctoral work, carried out with Henry Sher- 193

194 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS man, was in the field of the chemistry of food and nutrition- a subject to which his thesis made important contributions. especially in the application of statistical methods. His interests soon turned, however, to physical chemistry. In 1922 and 1923 a fellowship took him to Europe, where he arrived in Brinsted's laboratory in Copenhagen at an exciting period. New vistas in the old field of electrolyte chemistry had suddenly been opened by the ideas of Br~nsted and Debye, and LaMer became a leader in the exploitation and development of these ideas. His publications of the next decade on the activity coefficients of multiply charged ions and on the rates of reactions involving such ions still deserve the most careful study and attention from anyone concerned with the chemistry of electrolytes. He and his co-workers also did important theoretical work on electrolyte solutions. When in 1931 the existence of deuterium was discovered at Columbia, LaMer did pioneering work on the properties of solutions in heavy water. His studies on acid-base equilibria in that solvent were especially significant. In 1933 he questioned the prevalent myth that activation energy is independent of temperature, and shortly thereafter he and his students demon- strated experimentally that it does depend sharply on tempera- ture for reactions involving ions in solution. This lent valuable support to the then nascent transition state theory of reaction rate, a theory that has revolutionized the way in which chem- ists interpret the rates of reactions in solution. In the same year he reported a study of acid-base equilibria in the poorly ionizing solvent benzene. This was a ground-breaking investiga- tion in a field that has since become one of major importance. With the arrival of World War II, LaMer undertook as a patriotic service the investigation of smokes and other fine dispersions. He and Sinclair established principles and de- veloped what is now a standard apparatus for the preparation of monodisperse aerosols. They further discovered a new optical

VICTOR KUHN LaMER 195 effect—the higher order Tyndall spectra- that enables one to measure particle size rapidly and simply. When the war ended LaMer was of an age when many scientists tend to slow down and to continue along well-trodden paths. For him, however, the post-war period was one of ad- venture into new fields and of highly original activity. His interest in gaseous dispersions expanded to liquid systems, he made contributions to the difficult problems involved in sedi- mentation and filtration, and he developed principles and made valuable new observations with respect to flocculation and dispersion—processes of potentially large technical importance as well as of purely scientific interest. Novel studies of the rate of evaporation through surface monolayers also combine scien- tific interest with potential applications of value for the con- servation of water supplies. Victor Kuhn LaMer was born in Leavenworth, Kansas, on June 15, 1895, the son of Joseph Secondule LaMer and Anna Pauline Kuhn. He obtained the A.B. degree at the University of Kansas in 1915. During the next two years he was a high school teacher, a student at the University of Chicago, and a research chemist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. In 1917 he was commissioned 1st Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, U.S. Army. He entered graduate school at Columbia University in 1919 and obtained the Ph.D. degree there in 1921. Appointed instructor in general and inorganic chemistry at Columbia in 1920, he rose through various grades at that institution, attaining full professorship in 1935. Awarded a Cutting Fellowship, he worked at Cambridge University in 1922 and at the University of Copenhagen in 1923. He was a member of Division 10 of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, 1940-1945. He became Emeritus Professor of Chemistry in 1961, but continued his scientific activities. He held the position of Senior Researcher in Mineral Engineering

196 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS at Columbia, and he continued until 1965 as editor of the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. He had been the founding editor of that journal in 1956, and in March 1966 a Festschrift edition honored him on his retirement as editor and on his seventieth birthday. He was in England to present a paper at a meeting of the Faraday Society at the time of his sudden death in Nottingham on September 26, 1966. LaMer was honored by the Presidential Certificate of Merit in 1945, by the Kendall Award in Colloid Chemistry in 1956, by the honorary D.Sc. degree of Clarkson College of Technology in 1962, and by election to the Royal Belgian Academy of Arts, Letters, and Sciences and to the Royal Danish Academy of Science. He was Honorary Professor of San Marcos University of Lima, Peru, in 1950, Fullbright Professor at Copenhagen in 1953, and Fullbright Lecturer in Australia in 1959. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1948. He was also a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Physical Society, the Faraday Society, and Sigma Xi and Phi Lambda Upsilon; he was a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, of which he had been President in 1949. He was a member of the Cosmos Club of Washington and of the Men's Faculty Club of Columbia University. On July 31, 1918, he married Ethel Agatha McGreevy. They had three daughters: Luella Belle (Mrs. A. P. Slaner), Anna Pauline (Mrs. Alex Burgo), and Eugenia Angelique (who died in childhood). The LaMers lived in Leonia, New Jersey, which was the home of many others of the Columbia faculty, and were active in social and community affairs of that town.

VICTOR KUHN L aMER BIBLIOGRAPHY KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS 197 Am. l. Phys.- American Journal of Physics Am. l. Physiol. American Journal of Physiology Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. _ Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Chem. Rev. - Chemical Reviews Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal. Ed. ) - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Analytical Edition) J. Am. Chem. Soc. Journal of the American Chemical Society J. Biol. Chem. Journal of Biological Chemistry I. Chem. Educ. Journal of Chemical Education I. Chem. Phys. - Journal of Chemical Physics J. Colloid Sci. Journal of Colloid Science I. Phys. Chem. Journal of Physical Chemistry Phys. Rev. Physical Review Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Trans. Faraday Soc. _ Transactions of the Faraday Society 1918 With Oscar Riddle. Post-mortem melanin pigment formation in pigmentless retinas and choroids of white ringdoves. Am. i. Physiol., 47:103. 1920 With A. B. Luckhardt, R. W. Keeton, and F. C. Koch. Gastrin studies. II. Further studies on the distribution and extraction of gastrin bodies. Am. l. Physiol., 50:527. With H. C. Sherman and I. D. Garard. A further study of the process of purifying pancreatic amylase. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 42: 1900. 1921 With H. L. Campbell. Changes in organ weight produced by diets deficient in antiscorbutic vitamin. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 18:32. The effect of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration upon the rate of destruction of the antiscorbutic vitamin. Disserta- tion, Columbia University. With H. C. Sherman and H. L. Campbell. The effect of tempera- ture and the concentration of hydrogen ions upon the rate of

198 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS destruction of antiscorbutic vitamin (vitamin C). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 7:279; also in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 44:172 (1922~. Vitamines from the standpoint of physical chemistry. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 13: 1108. 1922 With H. C. Sherman and H. L. Campbell. The quantitative de- termination of the antiscorbutic vitamin (vitamin C). l. Am. Chem. Soc., 44: 165. With Lillian E. Baker. The effect of substitution on the free energy of oxidation-reduction reactions. I. Benzoquinone derivatives. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 44:1954. 1923 With T. R. Parsons. The application of the quinhydrone electrode to electrometric acid-base titrations in the presence of air, and the factors limiting its use in alkaline solution. l. Biol. Chem., 57: 613. 1924 With E. K. Rideal. The influence of hydrogen concentration on the auto-oxidation of hydroquinone. A note on the stability of the quinhydrone electrode. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 46:223. With l. N. Br0nsted. The activity coefficients of ions in very dilute solutions. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 46:555. 1925 With L. E. Holt and H..B. Chown. Studies in calcification. I. The solubility product of secondary and tertiary calcium phosphate under various conditions. l. Biol. Chem., 64:509. With L. E. Holt and H. B. Chown. Studies in calcification. II. Delayed equilibrium between the calcium phosphates and its biological significance. J. Biol. Chem., 64:567. With E. R. Yvette. Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry. A joint translation and adaptation of Physikalischen Chemie by A. Eucken. Pp. 317-34, 339-48, 357-59 and various footnotes represent original material added by V. K. LaMer. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.

VICTOR KUHN L aMER lg27 With C. F. Mason and C. V. King. 199 Activity coefficients of electro- lytes. I. The limiting law for a tri-trivalent salt. {. Am. Chem. Soc., 49:363. With C. F. Mason. Activity coefficients of electrolytes. II. The unsymmetric valence-type effect in highly dilute solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 49:410. With T. H. Gronwall. The partial molal volumes of water and salt in solution of the alkali halides. l. Phys. Chem., 31:393. Recent advances in the ionization theory as applied to strong electro- lytes. Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, 61:631. With E. R. iette. The balancing of oxidation-reduction equations. I. l. Chem. Educ., 4: 1021. With E. R. Yvette. The balancing of oxidation-reduction equations. II. I. Chem. Educ., 4: 1031. 1928 With T. H. Gronwall and Karl Sandved. Uber den Einfluss der Sogenannten Hoheren Glieder in der Debye-Huckelschen Theorie der Losungen Starker Electrolyte. Physikalische Zeit- schrift, 29:358. With T. H. Gronwall. On the extension of the Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes to concentrated solutions. Science, 64:122. With Karl Sandved. The equilibrium 2K3Fe(CN)6 + 2KI 2K4Fe(CN)6 + I2 in aqueous potassium chloride solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 50:2656. 1929 With R. Graham Cook. Activity coefficients of electrolytes. III. The principle of specific interaction in mixtures of high valence electrolytes. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 51 :2622. With Frederick H. Goldman. Activity coefficients of electrolytes. IV. The solubilities of lanthanum and thallous iodates in aqueous salt solutions and the principle of specific interaction. T. Am. Chem. Soc., 51:2632.

200 Chemical kinetics in a highly dilute solution of bromoacetate and thiosulfate ions in the presence of sodium ion at 25°. l. Am. Chem.Soc.,51:3341. Aims and viewpoints in teaching physicochemical principles. J. Chem. Educ., 6:263. With i. W. Temple. The autoxidation of hydroquinone catalyzed by manganous salts in acid solutions: A reaction whose velocity is proportional to the driving force. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 15: lDl. A symposium on molecular constitution. An introduction. Chem. Rev., 6:445. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1930 With H. B. Friedman. An improved weight buret. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal. Ed.), 2:54. With H. B. Friedman. Neutral salt action. The relative influence of cations and anions upon the equilibrium 2Fe(CN)63- + 3I- 2Fe(CN)64- + Is-. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 52:876. With F. H. Goldman. The solubility of lead iodate in water and in 0.1 N salt solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 52:2791. With Chester L. Read. Rapid reactions. The velocity and heat effects involved in the neutralization of sodium dichromate by sodium hydroxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 52:3098. Solutions. Chapter 1 in: Annual Survey of American Chemistry, ed. by Clarence i. West, Vol. 4, p. 7. National Research Council publication. New York, The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc. 1931 With H. B. Friedman. Activity coefficients of electrolytes. V. The principle of specific interaction in cadmium and magnesium sulfate and chloride solvents. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:103. With F. H. Goldman. Solubility of thallous iodate in ethyl al- cohol-water mixtures. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:473. With H. C. Downes. Acidity in non-aqueous solvents. Conducti- metric and electrometric titrations of acids and bases in benzene. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:888. With W. George Parks. The activity coefficients and heats of trans- fer of cadmium sulfate from electromotive force measurements at 25 and 0°. Application of the extended theory of Debye and Huckel. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:2040.

VICTOR KUHN L a MER 201 With Mildred E. Kamner. Chemical kinetics. II. The influence of relative position of electric charge and reacting group on the velocity of the bromopropionate-thiosulfate reaction. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:2832. With L. E. Krohn. Acid-base reactions in pyridine solution. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:3563. With C. Robertson. A critical study of precision cryoscopy: The freezing-point depressions of potassium cobalticyanide and potas- sium ferricyanide. l. Phys. Chem., 35:1953. With T. H. Gronwall and L. l. Grieff. The influence of higher terms of the Debye-Huckel theory in the case of unsymmetric valence-type electrolytes. I. Phys. Chem., 35:2245. With I. A. Cowperthwaite. The electromotive force of the cell Zn (s) ~ ZnSO4 (m) ~ PbSO4 (s) ~ Pb (s) . An experimental de- termination of the temperature coefficient of the ion size param- eter in the theory of Debye and Huckel. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 53:4333. 1932 With R. W. Fessenden. The chemical kinetics of high valence type electrolytes in dilute aqueous solutions. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 54:2351. With W. C. Eichelberger. anhydrous acetic acid. With I. A. Cowperthwaite. Activity coefficients of sulfuric acid in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 54:2763. The concentration at which heats of dilution are measured in the calorimetric method. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 54:4114. Correction: I. Am. Chem. Soc., 54:4754. The Importance of Calcium and Phosphorus in Nutrition. (Pre- sented before the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Syracuse University, June 23, 1932) Lancaster, Pa., The Science Press Printing Co. 11 pp. Reaction velocity in ionic systems. Chem. Rev., 10: 179. With l. Greenspan. The kinetics of the thiocyanate-brominated fatty acid reactions. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 54:2379. 1933 With I. A. Cowperthwaite. The heat of dilution and the partial molal heat capacity of zinc sulfate from the electromotive force of galvanic cells. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 55:1004. Energy of activation. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 55:1739.

Po? BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS With Harold C. Downes. Indicator studies of acids and bases in benzene. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 55: 1840; also in Chem. Rev., 13:47. With W. C. Eichelberger. Preparation and properties of anhydrous acetic acid. .T- Am. Chem. Soc., 55:3633. With W. C. Eichelberger. The analytical determination and con- ductance of sulfuric acid in anhydrous acetic acid. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 55:3635. With George W. Parks. The partial and integral heats of dilution of cadmium sulfate solutions from electromotive force measure- ments. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 55:4343. A symposium on electrolytes: Introduction. Chem. Rev., 13:1. Chemical Kinetics. The temperature dependence of the energy of activation. The entropy and free energy of activation. l. Chem. Phys., 1:289. With M. L. Miller. thermal history. The index of refraction of water and its Phys. Rev., 43:207. 1934 With W. George Parks. The temperature coefficients of the elec- tromotive force of the cell Cd (metal), CdS04, Cd (satd. amalgam). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56:90. With W. C. Eichelberger and H. C. Urey. Freezing points of mix- tures ot the waters, [1~O and 12. ]. Am. Chem. Soc., 56:248. With I. A. Cowperthwaite and l. Barksdale. A thermodynamic study of dilute thallous chloride solutions by electromotive force measurements of the cell Tl-Hg / TlC1 (m) /AgC1 (s), Ag (s) . J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56:544. With l. Greenspan. Anhydrous acetylbenzilic acid. l- Am. Chem. Soc., 56:956. With J. Greenspan. Kinetics of the saponification of acetylated hydroxy acids. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 56:1492. With i. Shrawder, ir., and I. A. Cowperthwaite. normal electrode potentials. With W. N. Baker. A revision of some J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56:2348. Freezing point of mixtures of H2O and D2O. The latent heat of fusion of D2O. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 56:2641. With M. Helene Lewinsohn. Halide-iodine equilibria in neutral salt solvents. i. Phys. Chem., 38: 171. With W. H. Hamill. The mutarotation of glucose in heavy water mixtures. l. Chem. Phys., 2:891.

VICTOR KUHN LaMER 1935 203 With i. Greenspan. An extraction method for the determination of acids and its application to para-hydroxybenzoic acid. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:969. With Mildred E. Kamner. The energies and entropies of activation of the reaction between bromoacetate and thiosulfate ions. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:2662. With Mildred E. Kamner. The influence of non-electrolytes upon the kinetics of the reaction between bromoacetate and thiosulfate ions. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:2669. With Mary L. Miller. Temperature dependence of the energy of activation in the dealdolization of diacetone alcohol. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:2674. With Weldon N. Baker. The conductance of potassium chloride and of hydrochloric-deuterochloric acid in H2O-D2O mixtures. The viscosity of H2O-D~O. i. Chem. Phys., 3:406. With M. H. Armbruster. A micro quinhydrone-silver chloride cell for precision e.m.f. studies on heavy water. T. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:1510. With S. Korman. E.m.f. of the quinhydrone electrode in heavy water. The acidic dissociation of deuteroquinone. i. Am. Chem.Soc.,57:1511. With C. A. Marlies. The catalytic decomposition of nitramide in acid and salt solutions. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:1892. With C. A. Marlies. An improved method of extraction. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 57:2088. 1936 With S. Korman. Deuterium exchange equilibria in solution and the quinhydrone electrode. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58:1396. With I. P. Chittum. The conductance of salts (potassium acetate) and the dissociation constant of acetic acid in deuterium oxide. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 58:1642. With C. K. Rule. Thermal type silver-silver chloride electrodes. [. Am. Chem. Soc., 58:2339. Conductance, e.m.f., and acid-base catalysis in deuterium oxide. Chem.Rev., 19:363.

204 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS With W. H. Hamill. The mutarotation of glucose in H2O-D2O mixtures. J. Chem. Phys., 4:144. With W. H. Hamill. The acid-base catalysis of the mutarotation of glucose in protium oxide-deuterium oxide mixtures. l. Chem. Phys., 4:395. With E. L. Carpenter. The thermodynamic properties of cadmium sulfate in water-ethyl alcohol solutions. l. Phys. Chem., 40: 287. With S. Korman. Determination of acidity in heavy water mix- tures. Science, n.s., 83:624. With John D. Percival. Temperature dependence of the energy of activation in the rearrangement of N-chloroacetanilide. (dis- sertation) l. Am. Chem. Soc., 58:2413. 1937 With S. Hochberg. Microdetermination of density by the falling- drop method. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal. Ed.), 9:291. With S. Liotta. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange in acetate solution. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 59:946. With l. Greenspan and S. Liotta. A semi-micro gas evolution ap- paratus applied to kinetic studies in heavy water. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 59:1606. With I. P. Chittum. Conductance of salts in H2O-D2O mixtures. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 59: 2425. The energy of activation of protein denaturations. Science, 86:614. With l. Greenspan. Kinetics of the solvent decomposition of ni- tramid in H~O-D2O mixtures. Trans. Faraday Soc., 33:1266. With H. M. Tomlinson. The stability of solid sodium thiosulfate. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal. Ed.), 9:588. 1938 With S. H. Maron. Effect of deuterium substitution on color. J. Chem. Phys., 6:299. With Cecil C. Lynch. Acid dissociation constants in dioxane- water mixtures by potentiometric titration. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 60: 1252. Correction: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60:2000. With Frank Brescia. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of ethyl ortho- formate in D~O-H2O mixtures. (dissertation) l. Am. Chem. Soc., 60:1962. With S. Liotta. The temperature coefficients of the base catalyzed

VICTOR KUHN LaMER 205 decomposition of nitramide in deuterium oxide. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 60:1967. With C. K. Rule. Dissociation constants of deutero acids by e.m.f. measurements. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60:1974. Ions in solution: Kinetics in ionic systems. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 225:709. With S. H. Maron. Kinetics of neutralization of pseudo acids in H2O and D2O. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 60:2588. 1939 With E. S. Amis. The entropies and energies of activation of ionic reactions: The kinetics of the alkaline fading of brom phenol blue in isodielectric media. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61:905. With Evan Noonan. Thermodynamics of strong electrolytes in protium oxide-deuterium oxide mixtures. I. Hydrogen chloride. J. Phys. Chem., 43: 247. With Evan Noonan. Thermodynamics of strong electrolytes in protium oxide-deuterium oxide mixtures. II. Potassium chlo- ride. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 61:1487. With S. H. Maron. Calculation of base rate constants from acid rate constants. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 61:2018. With Seymore Hochberg. Hydrogen and deuterium exchange be- tween nitramide and water. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 61:2552. With E. S. Amis. The "elation of brom phenol blue. Science, 90:90. 1940 With F. Brescia. The energy and entropy of activation of the hydrolysis of ethyl orthoformate in deuterium oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 62:612. With F. Brescia and F. C. Nachod. The temperature dependence of the dissociation constant of deuteroacetic acid. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 62:614. With F. Brescia. Electrostatic effects on ionization constants. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 62:617. Introduction to the conference on kinetics in solution. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 39: 301. With S. H. Maron. Prototropy and deuterotropy in pseudo acids. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 39:355. With F. Brescia. The calculation of equilibrium values and rate

206 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS constants for reactions in D2O-H2O mixtures. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 39:395. 1941 With F. C. Nachod. The temperature coefficient of the conductance of potassium chloride in H2O-D2O mixtures. l. Chem. Phys., 9:265. With S. Hochberg. Rate and equilibrium studies of carbinol formation in the triphenylmethane and sulfonphthalein dyes. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 63:3110. With R. W. Kingerley. Exchange and transfer equilibria of acids, bases, and salts in deuterium-protium oxide mixtures. The ion product constant of deuterium oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 63: 3256. 1942 With M. D. Barnes. tion of phenolphthalein. Kinetics and equilibria of the carbinol forma- |. Am. Chem. Soc., 64:2312. With H. G. Davis. Solvent effects on the kinetics of ionic reactions and the choice of the concentration scale. i. Chem. Phys., 10: 585. 1943 With Ralph E. Rippere. Volatile berates of polyhydric alcohols and the activation of boric acid. J. Phys. Chem., 47:204. 1945 With I. Q. Umberger. The kinetics of diffusion controlled mole- cular and ionic reactions in solution as determined by measure- ments of the quenching of fluorescence. I- Am. Chem. Soc., 67: 1099. With Irving Johnson. light by sulfur sols. Observations on the angular scattering of J. Am. Chem. Soc., 67:2055. 1946 With M. D. Barnes. Monodispersed hydrophobic colloidal dis- persions and light scattering properties. I. Preparation and light scattering properties of monodispersed colloidal sulfur. i. Colloid Sci., 1:71.

VICTOR KUHN LaMER 207 With M. D. Barnes. Monodispersed hydrophobic colloidal dis- persions and light scattering properties. II. Total scattering from transmittance as a basis for calculation of particle size and con- centration. l. Colloid Sci., 1:79. With P. Rosenblatt. Motion of a particle in a temperature gradi- ent; thermal repulsion as a radiometer phenomenon. Phys. Rev., 70:385. With Frank Brescia et al. Salt marsh and anophiline mosquito control by ground dispersal of DDT aerosols. Journal of Eco- nomic Entomology, 39:698. 1947 With A. S. Kenyon. Kinetics of the formation of monodispersed sulfur sots from thiosulfate and acid. i. Colloid Sci., 2:257. With M. D. Barnes, A. S. Kenyon, and E. M. Zaiser. Monodispersed sulfur sots. IV. Comparison of the particle radius determined by transmittance and by the angular positions of higher-order Tyndall spectra from the Mie theory. i. Colloid Sci., 2:349. With M. D. Barnes. A note on the symbols and definitions in- volved in light scattering equations. i. Colloid Sci., 2:361. With R. Latta, L. D. Anderson, E. E. Rogers, S. Hochberg, H. Lauterbach, and I. Johnson. Economic entomology. The effect of particle size and velocity of movement of DDT aerosols in a wind tunnel on the mortality of mosquitoes. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 37:397. With James W. Yates. Influence of ultrasonic irradiation upon the phase transition in the formation of colloidal sulfur. Science, 106:508. (A) With S. Hochberg, K. Hodges, I. Wilson, I. A. Fales, and R. Latta. The influence of the particle size of homogeneous insecticidal aerosols on the mortality of mosquitoes in confined atmospheres. I. Colloid Sci., 2:539. With I. Johnson. The determination of the particle size of mono- dispersed systems by the scattering of light. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 69:1184. 1948 Monodisperse colloids and higher-order Tyndall spectra. journal of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, 52:65.

208 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS With Byron Williamson. The kinetics of activation-diffusion con- trolled reactions in solution. The temperature dependence of the quenching of fluorescence. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 70:717. With Kenneth C. Hodges. Solvent effects on the quenching of the fluorescence of uranin by aniline. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 70:722. With Irwin B. Wilson. The retention of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract as a function of particle radius. journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 30:265. With Ethel M. Zaiser. The kinetics of the formation and growth of monodispersed sulfur hydrosols. I. Colloid Sci., 3:571. 1949 With David Sinclair. Light scattering as a measure of particle size in aerosols. Chem. Rev., 44:245. With Irwin B. Wilson and Edward C. Y. Inn. Detection and measurement of the size of aerosol particles in the range below Tyndall beam detection. Science. 109:435. With Allen S. Kenyon. _7 ~ (A) Light-scattering properties of monodis- persed sulfur sols. I. Colloid Sci., 4:163. With Olav Foss and Howard Reiss. New procedures in thermo- dynamic theory inspired by the recent work of J. N. Br4nsted. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 51:605. With Seymore Hochberg. The laws of deposition and the effective- ness of insecticidal aerosols. Chem. Rev., 44:341. Some current misconceptions of N. L. Sadi Carnot's memoir and cycle. Science, 109:598. With G. M. Pound. Surface tension of small droplets from Volmer and Flood's nucleation data. l. Chem. Phys., 17:1337. 1950 The preparation, collection and measurement of aerosols. Proceed- ings of the First National A ir Pollution Sym posium, p. 5. Paper presented at sessions November 10 and 11, 1949, Pasadena, Calif. Stanford, Stanford Research Institute (Public Relations Office). With Howard Reiss. Diffusional boundary value problems in- volving moving boundaries, connected with the growth of col- loidal particles. J. Chem. Phys., 18:1. With George Ford. Vapor pressure of supercooled liquid sulfur. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72:1959. With Milton Kerker. Particle size distribution in sulfur hydrosols

VICTOR KUHN La MER 209 by polarimetric analysis of scattered light. 72:3516. With Edward Inn and Irwin Wilson. The methods of forming, detecting, and measuring the size and concentration of liquid aerosols in the size range of 0.01 to 0.25 microns diameter. T- Colloid Sci., 5:471. With Robert Dinegar. Theory, production and mechanism of formation of monodispersed hydrosols. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 72:4847. With V. A. Gordieyeff. The vapors of sulfuric acid-water mixtures as nucleating sources in aerosol formation. Science, 112:20. (A) v J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1 1951 With Robert Dinegar. The limiting degrees of supersaturation of the sparingly soluble sulfates. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 73:380. With G. M. Pound. Surface tension of small droplets as a function J. Chem. Phys., 19: of size from critical supersaturation data. 506. With John C. Rowell. Quenching of fluorescence in solution. Effect of the structure of the quencher on the efficiency of the reaction. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 73:1630. With Robert Dinegar and Robert Smellie. Kinetics of the acid decomposition of sodium thiosulfate in dilute solutions. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 73:2050. 1952 With Pierre R. Gendron. Some recent advances in homogeneous aerosols. Chemistry in Canada, 4:44. With Robert H. Smellie. Electrokinetic behaviour of dilute mono- disperse sulfur hydrosols. Science, 115:610. With Guy M. Pound. Kinetics of crystalline nucleus formation in supercooled liquid tin. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 74:2323. With Ruth Gruen. A direct test of Kelvin's equation connecting vapour pressure and radius of curvature. Trans. Faraday Soc., 48:410. Nucleation in phase transitions. Industrial and Engineering Chem- istry, 44:1270. With l. C. Turgeon. The kinetics of the formation of the carbinol of crystal violet. i. Am. Chem. Soc., 74:5988.

210 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1953 With Milton Kerker. Light scattered by particles. ican, 188:69. 1954 Scientific Amer- Some current misinterpretations of N. L. Sadi Carnot's memoir and cycle. Am. J. Phys., 22:20. With Guy G. Goyer, and Ruth Gruen. Filtration of monodisperse electrically charged aerosols. l. Phys. Chem., 58:137. With Robert H. Smellie, fir. The electrokinetic properties of dilute monodisperse sulphur hydrosols. l. Phys. Chem., 58:583. With Robert l. Archer. evaporation of water. The effect of monolayers on the rate of Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 58:807. With Pui-Kum Lee. A forward angle light-scattering camera for determining size of distribution in aerosols. Review of Scien- tific Instruments, 24: 1004. 1955 With Robert J. Archer. fatty acid monolayers. The rate of evaporation of water through .i Phys. Chem., 59:200. Some current misinterpretations of N. L. Sadi Carnot's memoir and cycle II. Am. l. Phys., 23:95. 1956 With Henri L. Rosano. The rate of evaporation of water through monolayers of esters, acids and alcohols. l. Phys. Chem., 60:348. With Martin Blank. The transfer of surface films through surface channels: Geometrical factors. J. Colloid Sci., 11:608. With Robert H. Smellie, in tion of phosphate slimes. I. General. Flocculation, subsidence and filtra- {. Colloid Sci., 11:704. With Robert H. Smellie, Jr. Flocculation, subsidence and filtration of phosphate slimes. II. Starches as agents for improving floccu- lation, subsidence and filtration of phosphate slimes. l. Colloid Sci., 11:710. With Robert H. Smellie, Jr. Flocculation, subsidence and filtration of phosphate slimes. III. Subsidence behavior. I. Colloid Sci., 11:720.

VICTOR KUHN La MER 1957 211 With Robert H. Smellie, fir., and Pui-Kum Lee. Flocculation, sub- sidence and filtration of phosphate slimes. IV. Flocculation by gums, and polyelectrolytes and their influence on filtration rate. T- Colloid Sci., 12:230. The retardation of evaporation by monolayers: Gas/liquid and liquid/liquid interface. In: Proceedings of the Second Interna- tional Congress of Surface A ctivity, Vol. 1, p. 259. London, 1957. London, Butterworth Scientific Publications. With M. Blank. The mechanism of transfer of surface films: Gas/ liquid and liquid/liquid interface. In: Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Surface Activity, Vol. 1, p. 102. Lon- don, 1957. London, Butterworth Scientific Publications. With V. G. Drozin. Filtration of monodisperse solid aerosols: Electrical phenomena and solid/liquid interface. In: Proceed- ings of the Second International Congress of Surface Activity, Vol. 3, p. 600. London, 1957. London, Butterworth Scientific Publications. With Robert H. Smellie, fir., and Pui-Kum Lee. Flocculation, sub- sidence and filtration of phosphate slimes. V. The optimum filtration rate as a function of solid content and specific area. l. Colloid Sci., 12:566. With Martin Blank. The transfer of monolayers through surface channels. II. Mechanism. J. Phys. Chem., 61:1611. 1958 With Robert H. Smellie, fir. Flocculation, subsidence and filtration of phosphate slimes. VI. A quantitative theory of filtration of flocculated suspensions. l. Colloid Sci., 13: 589. With Max L. Robbins. The effect of the spreading solvent on the properties of monolayers. J. Phys. Chem., 62:1291. With Isaiah Gallily. On the behavior of liquid droplets after im- pinging on solid surfaces. J. Phys. Chem., 62:1295. 1959 With R. H. Smellie, Jr. Flocculation, subsidence and filtration of uraniferous colloidal ore dispersions (slimes). In: Proceedings

212 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS of the Second International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Vol. 3, p. 178. Geneva, 1958. New York, Perga- mon Press, Inc. With Vadim G. Drozin. The determination of the particle size distribution of aerosols by precipitation of charged particles. I. Colloid Sci., 14: 74. With Ronald E. Wachtel. The preparation of monodispersed emulsions. I. Phys. Chem., 63:768. With Geoffrey T. Barnes. The effects of spreading technique and purity of sample on the evaporation resistance of monolayers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 45:1274. 1960 With Max L. Robbins. The effect of the spreading solvent on the properties of monolayers. l. Colloid Sci., 15:123. 1961 With G. T. Barnes. Evaporation-resistance measurements for in- vestigating the molecular architecture of unimolecular films. In: Vortraege Originalfassung Intern. Congress GrenzQaech- enaktive StofJe, 3., Cologne, 1960, Vol. 2, p. 192. 1962 With L. A. G. Aylmore. Evaporation resistance as a sensitive measure of the purity and molecular structure of monolayers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 48:316. With Geoffrey T. Barnes. The evaporation resistance of mono- layers of long-chain acids and alcohols and their mixtures. Re- printed from Retardation of Evaporation by Monolayers: Trans- port Processes, p. 9. New York, Academic Press, Inc. With Geoffrey T. Barnes. The laboratory investigation and evalua- tion of monolayers for retarding the evaporation of water. Re- printed from Retardation of Evaporation by Monolayers: Trans- port Processes, p. 35. New York, Academic Press, Inc. With Martin Blank. The energy barrier for monolayer penetra- tion. Reprinted from Retardation of Evaporation by Mono- layers: Transport Processes, p. 59. New York, Academic Press, Inc. With Robert H. Smellie, in Theory of flocculation, subsidence,

VICTOR KUHN La MER 213 and refiltration rates of colloidal dispersions flocculated by poly- electrolytes. Reprinted from Clays and Clay Minerals: Proceed- ings of the 9th National Conference, Vol. 9, p. 295. London, Pergamon Press, Inc. The solubility behavior of hydroxylapatite. J. Phys. Chem., 66:973. With R. E. Wachtel. The preparation and size distributions of some monodisperse emulsions. l. Colloid Sci., 17:531. With G. R. Edwards and L. F. Evans. Ice nucleation by mono- disperse silver iodide particles. l. Colloid Sci., 17:749. With T. W. Healy. The adsorption-flocculation reactions of a polymer with an aqueous colloidal dispersion. 66:1835. 1963 J. Phys. Chem. Saving water in reservoirs from evaporation by the use of mono- layers. Chapter in: Desalination Research Conference, p. 438. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Pub- lication No. 942. With Jacqueline Kane and Henry Linford. The filtration of silica dispersions flocculated by high polymers. J. Phys. Chem., 67: 1977. With T. W. Healy. Adsorption-flocculation reactions of macro- molecules at the solid-liquid interface. Applied Chemistry, 13:112. Reviews of Pure and With T. W. Healy. The role of filtration in investigating floccula tion and redispersion of colloidal dispersions. J. Phys. Chem. 67:2417. With T. W. Healy and L. A. G. Aylmore. The ideal surface be- havior of mixed monolayers of long-chain n-para~nic alcohols. J. Phys. Chem., 67:2793. The case for evaporation suppression. Chemical Engineering, 70: 213. Research in surface forces. l. Am. Chem. Soc., 85:3905. 1964 With T. W. Healy. Effects of mechanically produced capillary waves on the evaporation of water through monolayers. Nature, 201:488. With Jacqueline C. Kane and H. B. Linford. The filtration of

214 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS amorphous and sized crystalline silica suspensions flocculated by high polymers. J. Phys. Chem., 68:2273. Coagulation symposium. l- Colloid Sci., 19:291. With T. W. Healy. The energetics of flocculation and redispersion by polymers. J. Colloid Sci., 19:323. With Jacqueline C. Kane and H. B. Linford. The effect of solid content on the adsorption and flocculation behavior of silica sus- pensions. J. Phys. Chem., 68:3539. With Jacqueline C. Kane and H. B. Linford. Filtration and electro- phoretic mobility studies of flocculated silica suspensions. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 86:3450. 1965 With T. W. Healy. Flocculation of mineral dispersions by poly- mers. In: Technical Papers, ed. by Nathaniel Arbiter, Vol. 1, p. 359. Published in conjunction with the Seventh International Mineral Processing Congress held in New York, 1964. New York, Gordon & Breach, Science Publishers, Inc. With T. W. Healy. Evaporation of water. Its retardation by monolayers. Science, 148:36. 1966 Filtration of colloidal dispersions flocculated by anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 42:248. 1967 With i. K. Dixon and H. B. Linford. Factors affecting filtration rates of flocculated silica. journal of the Water Pollution Con- trol Federation, 39:647. The calculation of thermodynamic quantities from hysteresis data. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 23:297.

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Biographic Memoirs: Volume 45 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again.

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