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OCR for page 26
OCR for page 27
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
October30,1!869 March2, 1960
BY PHILIP H. ABELSON
ARTHUR L. DAY usually described himself as a physicist, but
this description is too simple for a man whose scientific
achievements spanned the fields of physics, geophysical chem-
istry, volcanology, seismology, and ceramic research.
Dr. Day began his scientific training at the Sheffield Scientific
School of Yale University, from which he received his Ph.D. in
1894. He taught physics at Yale until 1897, when he decided
that his career should be in the laboratory, not the classroom.
He had worked with Friedrich Kohlrausch during the summers
of 1894 and 1895 and was convinced that advancement in the
field of physics required a foreign, particularly German, post-
graduate experience. In 1897 he went to the Physikalisch-
Technische Reichsanstalt in Charlottenburg-Berlin, one of the
best physics laboratories in the world, and volunteered his ser-
vices as an unpaid assistant. His offer was accepted, and he soon
became a member of the regular star. It was there that he be-
came interested in high-temperature thermometry, a field that
was to be his primary research interest for the next fifteen years.
In 1900, the U.S. Geological Survey established a physical
laboratory as part of the Division of Physical and Chemical
Research, headed by George F. Becker. A principal aim of the
laboratory was to conduct high-temperature research in silicate
equilibria. Dr. Day was offered a temporary appointment as
27
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28
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
physical geologist in the fall of 1900, and he accepted. The
appointment was made permanent in 1901.
Dr. Day
undertook two major investigations at the U.S.
Geological Survey. The first was the investigation of equilibria
in mineral systems at high temperatures. He chose to study
some of the most common minerals of igneous rock, the plagio-
Uld~= lUlUbp~-~. =C began ants wore wltn a study of their
melting relationships and soon enlisted the help of E. T. Allen
of the Survey's chemical laboratory. The work was pioneering
and productive. C. D. Walcott, Director of the Survey, de-
scribed the results of their research as "
~1~ [,~1 __ ~ TO _ ~ ~ , 1 ' ~ · . ~
. . . one of the most
important contributions to geologic physics ever printed."
The second line of investigation begun by Dr. Day in the
physical laboratory of the Survey was an extension of the gas
thermometer scale to high temperatures. At that time no reliable
gas thermometer measurements had been made at temperatures
around 1 150° C. Temperatures in that region were usually
estimated by extrapolating the temperature-resistance relation-
ship of platinum resistance thermometers or by rather inaccurate
radiation methods. Since it was evident that much of the pro-
jected work on mineral relationships would lie in the tempera-
ture regions above 1150° C, Dr. Day undertook to extend the
nitrogen thermometer scale.
While this work was under way at the Survey, in 1902
Andrew Carnegie created the Carnegie Institution of Washing-
ton "to encourage, in the broadest and most liberal manner,
investigation, research and discovery, and the application of
knowledge to the improvement of mankind." As soon as an
Executive Committee was formed, an investigation was begun
to determine what work should be undertaken in the near
future by the new institution. Eighteen advisory committees
were appointed to help make the decisions. T. C. Chamberlin,
C. R. Van Hise, and Charles D. Walcott formed the Advisory
Committee on Geology; they, together with R. S. Woodward,
Carl Barus, and A. A. Michelson (the members of the Advisory
OCR for page 29
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
29
Committee on Physics) formed an Advisory Committee on Geo-
physics. This committee invited advice from many other dis-
tinguished scientists and recommended that the Carnegie In-
stitution establish a Geophysical Laboratory.
The Institution did not immediately establish the laboratory
as recommended. Instead, it made grants to Becker and to Day
to increase and extend the work that they were doing in the
physics laboratory of the Survey: to Becker for experiments on
the elasticity and plasticity of solids and to Day for his investi-
gation of mineral fusion and solution at high temperatures and
pressures. Space was provided by the Survey to conduct these
experiments as of July 1904. Each year following, the Carnegie
Institution made larger grants to Dr. Day, who was able to
assemble a capable staff of workers to vigorously pursue his
. . .
Investigations.
In December 1905, the Carnegie Institution, seeing that the
work was bringing results, appropriated money for the creation
of a geophysical laboratory in Washington to house the work.
Dr. Day, by virtue of his broad experience and practical nature,
was the logical choice for the directorship of the laboratory, and
he held this position from 1906 until 1936.
At first the Geophysical Laboratory was concerned mainly
with phase-equilibrium studies of the oxides and sulfides of the
earth's crust. Dr. Day, continuing the work he had begun years
before in Germany, extended the standard gas thermometer
scale from 1200° C to 1600° C in a series of experiments that
he completed in 1911. By extrapolating from this temperature,
a value was assigned to the melting point of platinum. This
work established a practical temperature scale, defined in terms
of closely spaced melting points of pure substances.
After completing this work, Dr. Day turned his attention
to the geophysics and geochemistry of volcanoes, which pro-
vided accessible "laboratories" to test the theories of high-
temperature geological phenomena. A prevailing theory that
particularly interested him was that volcanic emanations are
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30
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
completely anhydrous. In 1912 he and E. S. Shepherd went to
the active volcano region of Kilauea, Hawaii, to collect gas
samples directly from liquid lava. The development of gas-
collecting equipment to avoid contamination by air was an
important by-product of these studies. Dr. Day not only found
water vapor to be the principal volcanic gas, but he also dis-
covered unexpected variation in the nature and volume of the
teases; the amount and proportion changed with every escaping
bubble. The methodology and results constituted an important
advance in volcanological studies. Dr. Day's interest in vol-
canoes led him to the study of hot springs, and he collaborated
with E. T. Allen in a series of monographs on the hot springs
of Yellowstone National Park and the Lassen Peak and Geyser-
ville regions of California.
In its early years the Geophysical Laboratory was considered
by many to be of little practical significance. Dr. Day often told
the story of the Senator's wife who could see no reason for trying
to kind out how rocks were formed as long as they could be
bought more cheaply than they could be made. The usefulness
of the laboratory was demonstrated in 1917, when it was called
into war service to ease a critical shortage of optical glass.
Optical glass of high quality was urgently needed by the
armed forces for use in gunsights, periscopes, range~nders, field
glasses and the like. Before the war optical glass was obtained
almost exclusively from Germany, and by 1917 the United
States had exhausted its own small supply in filling orders from
Great Britain and Canada. To make the situation worse,
European methods of manufacture had been kept secret and
there were no American glassmakers experienced in optical
glass production.
A few days after the declaration of war, the National Re-
search Council delegated Dr. Day to make a personal canvass of
the possible resources for the manufacture of satisfactory optical
glass in this country. He presented an informal history of his
OCR for page 31
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
31
activities in a talk at a joint meeting of the Section of Physics
and Chemistry of the Philadelphia Section, American Chemical
Society, which was published in the Journal of the Franklin
Institute, in October 1920. In this report he said that he dis-
covered in the canvass to which he had been assigned that optical
glass had been made in small quantities in this country long
before the year 1917.
When his canvass was completed, Dr. Day reported to the
National Research Council that one firm in the United States
was regularly producing glass of fair optical quality at the rate
of perhaps 2,000 pounds per month; that there was another
plant of much larger capacity that might be deemed available
but which had never produced glass of strictly optical quality;
and that four others, including the Bureau of Standards Lab-
oratory, were very small and still in the experimental stage.
In 1915, the Bureau of Standards Laboratory in Pittsburgh
had erected a small furnace in which a number of pioneer
essays were attempted. One type of optical glass (a borosilicate
crown) had been produced at the Bureau of Standards Labora-
tory by March 1917, when the situation was most critical, and
their experimental work was continuing.
As forecast by the General Munitions Board in 1917, the
estimated requirements of the army and navy amounted to
2,000 pounds of optical glass per day. Following this revelation,
there were earnest conferences in the National Research Coun-
cil before a course of action was determined upon, which was
to ask the President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington
to allow the resources of the Geophysical Laboratory, both in
men and apparatus, to be applied to this overwhelming task,
not that optical glass had ever been made there, but that at the
Geophysical Laboratory there was available a larger and more
experienced group of silicate chemists than perhaps could be
found elsewhere.
On April 19, 1917, thirteen days after the United States
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32
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
entered World War I, the Executive Committee of the Carnegie
Institution authorized Day, "upon application from the United
States Government or any of its agents, to undertake an investi-
gation of the properties and technique in production of optical
glass, and to secure cooperation in so far as practicable and
essential with governmental and private agencies engaged in
the study or production of this material."
About the end of April 1917, members of the Geophysical
Laboratory staff were detailed by Dr. Day to the Bausch 8c Lomb
Optical Company at Rochester, New York. The silicate chem-
ists pursued the usual research methods to discover what they
could about optical glass. They analyzed existing samples and
assembled the indicated raw materials; they calculated the
evaporation of alkali during the melting process and the kind
and amount of material likely to be dissolved out of the con-
taining vessel; and they estimated what the initial composition
would be that would yield the required product. Then they
made up two other samples differing from the first by a few
percent in the most critical ingredient. melted the three samples
..
~ ~ .. .
v - 1
unaer Able conditions, and plotted the curve representing their
relationship to one another and to the prescribed sample. In
almost every case the exact specifications for the glass desired
fell within that row of three observations, and it became pos-
sible to write the formulas for any of the typical glasses required
for war service without the advice from a "glass expert." In the
days of rule-of-thumb glassmaking, as many as 150 essays had
been necessary before a glass of predetermined optical constants
resulted. The knowledge attained by the Geophysical Labora-
tory scientists commanded for them the immediate respect and
confidence of the workmen who had hitherto believed these
things to be shrouded in impenetrable mystery, and rapid
progress and wholehearted cooperation were obtained.
In May 1917, the General Munitions Board (later replaced
by the War Industries Board) appointed Day a member of a
OCR for page 33
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
33
committee to give continuous attention to the task of developing
an adequate supply of optical glass, and he was designated "In
Charge of Optical Glass Production, War Industries Board."
It appeared that all of the sources of optical glass available
in May 1917 could together produce only about half the quantity
required by the General Munitions Board, assuming that al]
glass produced was of quality suitable for war equipment. It
was estimated that Bausch & Lomb Company, by extending
their plant, could carry approximately one-half of the war load.
To maintain the other half, it was decided to make the
, · , ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~
Charleroi plant of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Comnanv avail-
_ 1~ 1 ~ ~ . _ ~ · ~
1 J
cute and to place someone In unarm of it who- sho~l`1 have
~ . . ~ .
sufficient knowledge of the requirements and techniques to
raise the quality of glass produced there to the standard that
the government required and that they had not hitherto at-
tained alone.
After several conferences, Dr. Day reported, "a plan was
agreed upon whereby the Pittsburgh Company should under-
take to perfect their glass under the direction of the Bureau
of Standards Laboratory, located nearby. It appeared to the
committee that such an arrangement might work out advan-
tageously, for the chemists of the Geophysical Laboratory were
already in charge at Rochester tBausch 8c Lomb] and a gentle
rivalry between the two institutions might prove an incentive
to each, of a kind which might bring results more rapidly than
without such an arrangement....
By the time of the armistice, in 1918, Dr. Day had supervised
the production of over 90 percent of the optical glass produced
in the United States, and a crisis had been averted.
In 1918, Dr. Day took a leave of absence from the Geo-
physical Laboratory to become Lice President in Charge of
Manufacturing at the Corning Glass Works in New York, for
which he had been a research consultant since 1905. He re-
mained there until 1920, when he resumed directorship of the
OCR for page 34
34
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Geophysical Laboratory in Washington. Although no longer
in charge of any research activities at Corning, he continued as
consultant until his retirement from Carnegie Institution in
1936.
Dr. Day's ability and experience as a laboratory and field
investigator, his widespread and intimate acquaintance with
scientific workers, and his outstanding qualities as an organizer
made him particularly suited for the next major activity of the
Geophysical Laboratory, which was the study of earthquakes.
From 1921 until 1936 he served as chairman of the Institution's
Advisory Committee in Seismology.
The idea for such a committee arose from H. O. Wood's
publication in 1916 of a detailed plan for cooperative seismo-
logical research in California. This called for the active guid-
ance and financial support of some organization that could
enlist the cooperation of the appropriate organizations and
individuals. Shortly after John Merriam was elected president
of the Carnegie Institution in 1921, it was proposed that the
Institution enter the field of seismology and the Advisory Com-
mittee in Seismology was formed. This committee, composed
of J. A. Anderson, Ralph Arnold, W. W. Campbell, A. C.
Lawson, R. A. Millikan, Harry Fielding Reid, Bailey Willis,
and Dr. Day, was asked to investigate the matter and advise the
. .
Instltutlon.
After a careful examination the committee recommended
that the Institution enter this field, beginning in Southern
California. After surveying problems in that area, it pointed
out the need for four principal studies: geology along the
fault zone, surface displacement, continuous seismological ob-
servation at selected stations and the development of suitable
instrumentation for such observations, and gravity determina-
tions. These four studies together would constitute a compre-
hensive approach to a discussion of crustal movement of a
magnitude and scope beyond anything previously attempted.
OCR for page 35
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
35
Dr. Day was chosen chairman of the committee and proceeded
to organize what was then the largest cooperative effort in the
history of American science. Among the agencies involved in
the joint endeavor were the Seismological Society of America,
the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the California Institute
of Technology, the Hydrographic Office of the Navy, the U.S.
Geological Survey, the University of California, Stanford Uni-
versity, the observatories at Mount Hamilton, Ukiah, and
Mount Wilson, the U.S. Bureau of Standards, and the Geo-
physical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
The Advisory Committee in Seismology continued to guide
the work of the Carnegie Institution in this field until the retire-
ment of Dr. Day in the fall of 1936. The various projects of
the committee were energetically pursued, and the work re-
sulted in several comprehensive reports on seismological prob-
lems in the western United States. Dr. Day can properly be
given credit for stimulating seismology in the United States and
raising it to a level of sophistication that it had not previously
known.
In the later years of his directorship, Dr. Day became in-
volved in still other areas of research. With the advance in
knowledge of radioactivity and the realization that radioactive
disintegration must supply an enormous amount of heat to the
earth, it became evident that more work was needed in this
field, and in 1925 the Geophysical Laboratory entered this re-
search. In an investigation of the radioactive content of ocean
samples, it became evident that better samples were desirable.
The work done at the laboratory under the direction of Dr. Day
led to the development of Dr. Charles Piggott's gun for obtain-
ing core samples of the ocean bottom. The Geophysical Lab-
oratory also advanced the study of methods of age determination
based on radioactive disintegration.
Dr. Day continued to pursue his many fields of interest
even after his formal retirement in 1936. He remained espe-
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36
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
cially interested in seismology and hot springs and made ex-
tensive studies of the volcanic areas of New Zealand. A severe
physical breakdown forced him to give up such activities after
1946, and he died suddenly of a coronary thrombosis on March
2, 1960.
The esteem in which Dr. Day was held by his fellow scien-
tists is evident by the memberships and high offices to which he
was elected and the honors that were bestowed upon him. He
was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences
in 1911 and served as Home Secretary from 1913 to 1918 and
Vice President from 1933 to 1941. He became a Fellow of the
Geological Society of America in 1909, and served as Vice Pres-
ident in 1934 and President in 1938. Dr. Day was also elected
President of the Philosophical Society of Washington in 1911
and of the Washington Academy of Sciences in 1924.
His memberships also included the Accademia dei Lincei
of Rome, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the
American Philosophical Society, the American Chemical So-
ciety, the American Physical Society, the American Geophysical
Union, the Franklin Institute, the Turin Academy, the Geolog-
ical Society of London, the Society of Glass Technology, the
Societe Hollandaise des Sciences of Haarlem, and the academies
of sciences of Sweden, Norway, and the U.S.S.R.
Dr. Day was the recipient of four honorary degrees in recog-
nition of his scientific achievements: from Groningen (1912),
Columbia (1915), Princeton (1918), and the University of
Pennsylvania (1938~.
Among his scientific honors, he received the John Scott
Award of the City of Philadelphia (1923), the Bakhuis Rooze-
ooom Vega or one Loyal Acactemy of Amsterdam (1939), the
William Bowie Medal of the American Geophysical Union
(1940), the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of
London (1941), and the Penrose Medal of the Geological Society
of America (1947~. Dr. Day was chosen as Orton Lecturer of
~ ~ ~ r _ 1 ~ r . ~ To ~ ~ ~
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ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
37
the American Ceramic Society in 1934 and as Edgar Marburg
Lecturer of the American Society for Testing Materials in 1936.
In 1948, Dr. Day created a fund for an Arthur L. Day Medal,
under the auspices of the Geological Society of America, to be
presented annually in recognition of "distinction in the applica-
tion of physics and chemistry to the solution of geological
problems." He hoped that such recognition of achievement in
the geophysical sciences would lead to more and better research
in the laboratory and in the field.
Dr. Day is eminent for his personal research, for his leader-
ship in the establishment of the Geophysical Laboratory to
investigate numerous geophysical and geochemical problems,
and for the part he played in promoting cooperative effort in
several fields of geophysical research. This eminence was recog-
nized by the dedication to him in 1938 of an entire volume of
the American Journal of Science (number 35-A in the fifth
series of the Journals. The "Arthur L. Day Volume" contains
twenty-three scientific papers on geophysical and geochemical
topics, contributed by twenty-four active or former members of
the Geophysical Laboratory staff.
Dr. Day was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts, on October
30, 1869, the son of Daniel P. and Fannie Hobbs Day. In 1900
he married Helene Kohlrausch, daughter of Friedrich Kohl-
rausch, President of the Reichsanstalt. He had three daughters
by that marriage: Margaret, Dorothy, and Helen; and one son,
Dr. Ralph K. Day, who pursued a career in glass science and
technology at Maumee (Toledo), Ohio. In 1933 Dr. Day
married Ruth Sarah Easling of Corning, New York. At the
time of his death, in March 1960, he was survived by his wife,
by his four children, and by five grandchildren.
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38
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS provided source material for this
biographical sketch: The American Ceramic Society, Inc., American
Philosophical Society, American Society for Testing Materials,
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Corning Glass Works, The
Franklin Institute, The Geological Society of America, Geological
Society of London, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University,
and the Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam. I am indebted
also to a summary of Dr. Day's work prepared by J. W. Greig of the
Geophysical Laboratory in 1940 and to research by Richard T.
Rook.
OCR for page 39
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
KEY TO ABBRE VIA TIONS
39
Am. i. Sci. American journal of Science
Ann. Phys. Annalen der Physik
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. - Carnegie Institution of Washington Publica-
tion
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book Carnegie Institution of Washington
Year Book
Centralbl. Mineral. _ Centralblatt fur Mineralogie
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. - Geological Society of America Bulletin
i. Franklin Inst. journal of the Franklin Institute
I. Geol. journal of Geology
I. Ind. Eng. Chem. journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
J. Wash. Acad. Sci. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sci-
ences
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin — Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin
Smithson. Inst. Annul Rep. = Smithsonian Institution Annual Report
1899
With Ludwig Holborn. uber das Luftthermometer bet hohen
Temperaturen. Wiedemann's Annalen der Physik und Chemie,
68:817-52.
With Ludwig Holborn. uber die Thermoelektrizat einiger Metalle.
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, pp. 691-95.
With Ludwig Holborn. On the gas thermometer at high tempera-
tures. Am. J. Sci. ser. 4, 8:165-93.
With Ludwig Holborn. On thermoelectricity in certain metals.
Am. l. Sci. ser. 4, 8:303-8.
1900
With Ludwig Holborn. uber das Luftthermometer bei hohen
Temperaturen. Ann. Phys., 2:505-45.
With Ludwig Holborn. uber die Ausdehnung van Platin, Platin-
iridium, Palladium, Silber, Nickel, Eisen, Stahl, und Konstantan
in hoher Temperatur. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, pp.
1009-13.
With Ludwig Holborn. On the gas thermometer at high tempera-
tures. Am. l. Sci. ser. 4, 10:171-206.
OCR for page 40
40
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1901
With Ludwig Holborn uber den ~Schmelzpunkt des Goldes. Ann.
Phys., 4: 99-103.
With Ludwig Holborn. Uber die Ausdehnung einiger Metalle in
hoher Temperaturen. Ann. Phys., 4: 104-22.
With Ludwig Holborn. On the melting point of gold. Am. J. Sci.
ser. 4, 11:145-48.
With Ludwig Holborn. On the expansion of certain metals at high
temperatures. Am. l. Sci. ser. 4, 11:374-90.
1904
With E. T. Allen. Temperature measurements to 1600°C. Physical
Review, 19:177-86.
With C. E. Van Orstrand. The black body and the measurement of
extreme temperatures. Astrophysical Journal, 19:1-40.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 3:80-81.
1905
With E. T. Allen and J. P. Iddings. The isomorphism and thermal
properties of the feldspars. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 31, 95 pp.
With George F. Becker. The linear force of growing crystals. Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sci., 7:283-88.
With George F. Becker. An interesting pseudosolid. Proc. Wash.
Acad. Sci., 7:289-99.
With E. T. Allen. Der Isomorphismus und die thermischen Eigen-
schaften der Feldspate. Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie,
54: 1-54.
With E. T. Allen. The isomorphism and thermal properties of the
feldspars. Am. J. Sci. ser. 4, 19:93-142.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 4:224-30.
1906
With E. S. Shepherd. Quartz glass. Science, 23:670-72.
With E. S. Shepherd. The lime-silica series of minerals. ~ournal of
the American Chemical Society, 28: 1089-1114.
With E. S. Shepherd and F. E. Wright. The lime-silica series of
minerals. Am. [. Sci. ser. 4, 22:265-302.
Investigation of mineral solution and fusion under high tempera-
tures and pressures. Reprinted as annual report of the Director
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ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
41
of the Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book,
5: 177-85.
With E. S. Shepherd. The Phase Rule and igneous magmas. Eco-
nomic Geology, 1 :286-88.
1907
With E. T. Allen, E. S. Shepherd, W. P. White, and F. E. Wright.
Die Kalkkieselreihe der Minerale. Tschermak's Mineralogische
und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 26:169-232.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 6:85-96.
1908
With I. K. Clement. Some new measurements with the gas ther-
mometer. Am. J. Sci. ser. 4, 26:405-63.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 7:97-106.
1909
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 8:97-107.
1910
With Robert B. Sosman and E. T. Allen. The nitrogen thermom-
eter from zinc to palladium. Am. l. Sci. ser. 4, 29:93-161.
High-temperature gas-thermometry and its present limitations.
Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, 8:257-60.
Some mineral relations from the laboratory viewpoint. Geol. Soc.
Am. Bull., 21:141-78.
With F. E. Wright. Heizmikroskope. Centralbl. Mineral., pp. 423-
25.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 9:87-105.
1911
With Robert B. Sosman. The melting points of minerals in the
light of recent investigations on the gas thermometer. Am. T.
Sci. ser. 4, 31: 341-49.
With Robert B. Sosman and E. T. Allen. High-temperature gas
thermometry. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 157, vi + 129 pp.
Die Untersuchung van Silikaten. Zeitschrift fur Elektrochemie,
17:609-16.
With Robert B. Sosman. Die Schmelzpunkte der Mineralien in
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Lichte neurer Untersuchungen uber das Gasthermometer. Zeit-
schrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 72: 1-10.
Recent advances in high-temperature gas thermometry. Faraday
Society Transactions, 7: 136-45.
Geophysical Research. l. Wash. Acad. Sci., 1:247-60.
With E. S. Shepherd, G. A. Rankin, and F. E. Wright. Preliminary
report on the ternary system CaO-Al203-SiO2: a study of the
constitution of Portland cement. l. Ind. Eng. Chem., 3:211-27.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 10:88-
106.
1912
With Robert B. Sosman. The nitrogen thermometer scale from
300° to 630 ° with a direct determination of the boiling point
of sulfur. l. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2:167-76; also in Am. i. Sci. ser.
4, 33:517-33.
With Robert B. Sosman. Die Stickstofftl~ermometerskala van 300°-
(i30 ° und eine direkte Bestimmung des Siedepunktes des
Schwefels. Ann. Phys., 38:849-69.
With Robert B. Sosman. The expansion coefficient of graphite. l.
Ind. Eng. Chem., 4:490-93; also in l. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2:284-89.
With Robert B. Sosman. La mesure des temperatures elevees par le
thermometre a gaz. Journal de Physique ser. 5, 2:727-49, 831-
44, 899-911.
Geophysical research. Smithson. Inst. Annul Rep. 1912, pp. 359-69.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 11:94-
107.
1913
With E. S. Shepherd. Water and volcanic activity. Smithson. Inst.
Annul Rep. 1913, pp. 275-305; also in Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
24:573-606.
Are quantitative physico-chemical studies of rocks practicable? Pro-
ceedings of the 11th International Geological Congress, Stock-
holm, 1910, pp. 965-67.
With E. S. Shepherd. Water and the magmatic gases. [. Wash.
Acad. Sci., 3:457-63.
With E. S. Shepherd. L'eau et les gaz magmatiques, Conclusions a
firer de l'analyse des gaz du cratere du Kilauea. Comptes Rendus
de l'Academie des Sciences, 157: 958-61, 1027-30.
The Geophysical Laboratory. American Ceramics Society Trans-
actions, 15 :49-54.
OCR for page 43
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
Geophysical Laboratory.
47.
43
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 12:123-
1914
With Robert B. Sosman and I. C. Hostetter. The determination of
mineral and rock densities at high temperatures. Am. I. Sci.
ser. 4, 37: 1-39.
Das Studium der Mineralschmelzpunkte. Fortschritte der Mineral-
ogie, Krustallographie, und Petrographie, 4: 115-60.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 13: 134-
57.
1915
With R. B. Sosman and i. C. Hostetter. Die Bestimmung der Dichte
van Mineralien und Gesteinen bei hohen Temperaturen. Neues
{ahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologic und Palaontologie, Beilage-
Band 40, pp. 119-62.
With H. S. Washington. Present condition of the volcanoes of
southern Italy. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 26: 375-88.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 14:151-
73.
1916
With George F. Becker. Note on the linear force of growing crystals.
J. Geol., 24:313-33.
With George F. Becker. Bemerkungen uber die lineare Kraft
wachsender Kristalle. Centralbl. Mineral., pp. 337~6, 364-73.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 15:137-
59.
1917
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 16:133-
50.
1918
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 17:127-
38.
1919
George Ferdinand Becker, 1847-1919. Am. l. Sci. ser. 4, 48: 242-45.
OCR for page 44
44
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1920
Memorial of George Ferdinand Becker. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 31:
1~25.
Optical glass and its future as an American industry. J. Franklin
Inst., 190:453-72.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 19:159-
77.
1921
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 20:157-
74.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 20: 175-78.
1922
With Robert B. Sosman. Realisation of absolute scale of tempera-
ture. In: Dictionary of Applied Physics, ed. by R. T. Glazebrook,
vol. I, pp. 836-71. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd.
Possible causes of the volcanic activity at Lassen Peak. l. Franklin
Inst., 194: 569-82.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 21:127-
50.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 21: 390-94.
1923
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 22:127-
47.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 22:362-68.
1924
The year's progress in volcanology. National Research Council
Bulletin 41, pp. 71-73.
With E. T. Allen. The source of the heat and the source of the
water in the hot springs of the Lassen National Park. T. Geol.,
32: 178-90.
Hot springs and fumaroles of "The Geysers" region, California.
J. Geol., 32:459-60.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 23:53-65.
OCR for page 45
ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
Advisory Committee in Seismology.
Book, 23: 306-13.
1925
45
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Some causes of volcanic activity. J. Franklin Inst., 200: 161-82; also
in Bulletin Volcanologique, 2: 216-33.
The study of earth movements in California. Science, 61:323-28.
With E. T. Allen. The volcanic activity and hot springs of Lassen
Peak. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 360, viii + 190 pp.
Gases in volcanic activity. l. Wash. Acad. Sci., 15:415-16. (A)
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 24:51-69.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 24: 370-80.
1926
Some causes of volcanic activity. Smithson. Inst. Annul Rep. 1925,
pp. 257-70.
Difficulties in the study of local earth movement. J. Wash. Acad.
Sci., 16:250-54.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 25:61-86.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 25:415-35.
1927
With E. T. Allen. Steam wells and other thermal activity at "The
Geysers," California. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 378, 106 pp.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 26:63-79.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 26: 385-89.
1928
The year's volcanological publications. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 18:510-
11. (A)
With E. T. Allen. Natural steam power in California. Nature,
122: 17-18, 27-28.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 27:71-87.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 27:410-21.
1929
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 28:67-83.
OCR for page 46
46
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Advisory Committee in Seismology.
Book, 28:416-24.
1930
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 29:69-89.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 29:422-37.
1931
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 30:75-
100.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 30:474-85.
1932
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 31:67-88.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 31: 355-72.
1933
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 32:59-79.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 32:362-72.
1934
With E. T. Allen. Hot springs of the Yellowstone National Park.
Proceedings of the Fifth Pacific Science Congress, 3:2275-83.
Natural and artificial ceramic products. American Ceramics Society
Bulletin, 13: 85-95.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 33:61-79.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 33:349-59.
1935
With E. T. Allen and H. E. Merwin. Hot Springs of the Yellowstone
National Park. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 466, xviii + 525 pp.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 34:93-
112.
Advisory Committee in Seismology.
Book, 34: 360-70.
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
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ARTHUR LOUIS DAY
47
lg36
Developing American glass. American Society for Testing Materials
Proceedings, Part II, pp. 5-20.
Geophysical Laboratory. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 35:97-
110.
Advisory Committee in Seismology. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year
Book, 35: 368-79.
1938
An adventure in scientific collaboration. In: Cooperation in re-
search. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 501, 3-35.
Volcanoes, geysers and hot springs. l. Franklin Inst., 226:341-52;
also in Scientific Monthly, 47:309-15.
1939
The hot-spring problem. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 50:317-36.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
optical glass
