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J
JACK SCHULTZ
May 7,1904—April 29,1971
BY THOMAS F. ANDERSON
JACK SCHULTZ was one of the last graduate students to get his
degree in classical Drosophila genetics under Thomas Hunt
Morgan. This was in 1929. For the rest of his life, Jack's goal
was to understand, in molecular terms, how a set of genes could
direct and control the development of an organism; and he
lived to see the results of his pioneering research become the
foundation on which such an understanding could be based.
Jack Schultz was born in Astoria, Long Island, New York,
on May 7, 1904, the eldest of three sons of Morris and Bessie
(Krones) Schultz. Both parents had been members of large
Russian-Jewish families of rabbis, farmers, and tradesmen ]iv-
ing in two small villages in the area of Minsk, near the Polish
border. During the political difficulties of the 1880s and early
1 890s in Russia, the young adults of both the Schultz and
Krones families tended to be ardent socialists and became in-
volved in revolutionary activities. Some perished in the abor-
tive revolution; others were forced to flee the country. Thus,
around 1896, Morris Schultz cut short his training at trade
school and came to New York. Bessie Krones also had attended
a socialist worker's school and, in addition, helped her family
make ends meet by running a knitting machine at home. About
1897 she, too, left her village in Russia to come to New York.
Somewhat later Morris Schultz was able to help several members
393
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394
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
of their families join them. Other members stayed in Russia
until World War II, when a few managed to evade death at the
hands of the Nazis by escaping to Argentina.
Jack's parents met soon after they arrived in New York and
were married seven years later. Morris Schultz was a 'gentle soul
and a great reader who had liberal, but not extreme, views.
Besides being associated with the group that founded the Jewish
daily newspaper, Forward, he soon became engaged in various
businesses, mostly in establishing and operating neighborhood
grocery stores in various industrial communities in the New
York City vicinity: west New York, Astoria, Passaic, Clifton,
and finally, Long Beach. He was always closely and sympathet-
ically involved with the factory workers to whom he supplied
food.
Immediately after arriving in this country, Jack's mother
found work in a knitwear factory and presently became forelady
there. She was an energetic and vivacious, kind, yet demanding
woman, with a strong influence over the activities of those
around her. With a reputation as an excellent cook of tradi-
tional dishes, she was devoted to her home and to a large circle
of relatives.
Jack had two younger brothers, Mortimer, who was born in
1907, and Charles, born in 1912. Their parents were ambitious
for all three children and were determined to give them cultural
advantages that they themselves had been denied in Russia. The
children attended public schools and received, in addition, some
religious trainin;, in the Jewish schools of their communities.
Although their father found it difficult, he did manage to send
his sons to college and to help with the financing of their grad-
uate studies. Mortimer became a high school teacher of science
in Long, Beach, New York, and served as chairman of the science
department there for many years before he retired. Charles,
who has literary interests, has been on the advertising staff of
Women's Wear Daily for many years.
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JACK SCHULTZ
395
Jack was a studious child, an omnivorous reader at a very
early age, as indeed he was throughout his life. He was rapidly
promoted through grade school, and was therefore much
younger and smaller than his classmates. This, no doubt, ac-
counted at least partially for his not being at all interested in
athletic activities and for his not being entirely accepted socially
by his fellow students. The partial isolation that he experienced
served only to reinforce his intellectual interests. His teachers
and older relatives considered him a brilliant and independent,
but highly impractical, boy. During these years Jack took violin
lessons and frequently accompanied his mother on her Saturday
afternoon expeditions to the Metropolitan Opera House. Later
he took up the flute, which he played occasionally, with great
pleasure, for many years. At Clifton High School he became
deeply interested in the humanities; this interest was stimulated
in large part by his teacher of French, Miss Mary Smith. She
discovered {ack's unusual facility with languages and encour-
aged him to explore the best in the literature of all the languages
he had the opportunity to learn. Later in life this proficiency
Bras to help him cement close friendships with people of many
. .. .
nationalities.
During his first two years at Columbia University, he con-
centrated on the humanities. He entered eagerly into the stimu-
lating atmosphere of undergraduate life in New York City in
the early 1920s, when there was a sudden surge of excitement in
the theater, painting, literature, social philosophy, and music.
This was an important stage in his development, for Jack re-
tained an active interest in the humanities throughout the rest
of his life.
It was only in his junior year that Jack first became seriously
interested in making plans for a definite career. He had decided
to take a premedical course when he was suddenly, and happily,
diverted. Like most young men of those times, he needed extra
money for books, concert tickets, and the like; so he answered a
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396
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
bulletin board ad for someone to wash bottles and make fly food
in the laboratory of Professor Thomas Hunt Morgan. Thus, as
lUCK WOUND nave it, he was drawn to the celebrated "Fly Room"
in the department of zoology. Morgan soon recognized him as a
promising young man, and Jack responded bY ranidlv learning
~ to ~ ~ ~ _ _ 1 _ _ A: ~ 1 _ _ , 1
J 1 J ~
c '-~:vo~u~ary ~e~c principles anal were being established
by Morgan and his group. Calvin B. Bridges and Alfred H.
Sturtevant were especially kind in introducing him to the new
genetic theories and techniques. Their experiments and think-
ing, more perhaps than those of anyone else, influenced Schultz's
later scientific work. Even as a novice, Jack not only listened to
what was going on in the Fly Room but was soon tentatively
contributing some small points of his own to the discussions. In
the course of a few years, he was named a University Scholar, a
Teaching Assistant in Zoology, and a National Research Coun-
cil Fellow. More important, he enrolled as a graduate student
under the guidance of T. H. Morgan, the world's foremost
geneticist, and of Edmund B. Wilson, the most outstanding
cytologist in the United States.
Jack received his bachelor's degree in 1924, his master's in
1925, and his doctorate in 1929. His Ph.D. thesis showed that
the large "Minute" class of mutations in Drosophila all pro-
duced nearly identical somatic effects, and yet occurred at
many different loci. Evidently a large number of independent
mutations could lead to similar phenotypic effects on develop-
ment. Although many theories have been advanced to explain
them, the molecular mechanism for these effects remains a
mystery to this day.
In his thesis [act: acknowledged the many kindnesses of
Morgan, Bridges, and Sturtevant. He also thanked two visitors
to the laboratory: Dr. Curt Stern and Dr. Helen Redfield.
Stern was a postdoctoral student from the Kaiser Wilhelm
Institute in Berlin, who had come to Columbia as a Fellow of
the International Education Board. Stern himself had been
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JACK SCHULTZ
397
concerned with the mosaic, normal-appearing patches in Minute
flies that occurred when somatic crossin~-over eliminated the
Minute region of a chromosome. ~
Tack and Curt both enjoyed
and profited from the close scientific relationship that was estab-
lished at Columbia and that lasted throughout the rest of iack's
life.
Helen Redfield had, as an undergraduate at Rice Institute,
been introduced to the new developments in genetics by Her-
mann i. Muller and Edgar Altenburg. Although she was at
that time acting as Assistant in Mathematics, she was fascinated
by the Drosophila work and was encouraged to carry out simple
experiments using the sex-linked lethal genes then being ex-
tensively studied by Muller and Altenburg. For graduate work
she went to the University of California at Berkeley, where in
the department of zoology she served as Teaching Fellow and
· 1 1 ~' ~ ~ . ~ ~ -
received ner ran.. uncter the direction of Samuel J. Holmes.
She came to Morgan's laboratory at Columbia in 1925 as a
Fellow of the National Research Council. Here, in addition to
completing her study of the maternal inheritance of a sex-
limited lethal effect, she embarked on new studies on crossing-
over in triploids. There soon developed among the younger
members of the group at the Columbia laboratory an unusually
rich and rewarding comradeship; and, since Jack's and Helen's
interests were so closely related, they became special allies in
the discussions and activities.
Presently they began the col-
laborative work on interchromosomal effects on crossing-over
that was to continue for many years. They were married in
1926.
At Columbia Jack was also closely associated with Selig
Hecht and his newly formed group studying the biophysics of
vision. Like Hecht, Jack was convinced of the then revolution-
ary, but now almost axiomatic, idea that biological problems
could be understood in chemical or physical terms only if ap-
propriate physico-chemical methods were used to study them.
OCR for page 398
398
all 1 ·
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1 nls no nouot led to his early analyses of the absorption spectra
of the eye pigments of various mutant stocks of Drosophila. This
work suggested that the pigments were metabolically related
and anticipated the hypothesis by Boris Ephrussi and George W.
Beadle (1935), and by Beadle and Edward L. Tatum (1941),
that each enzyme in a metabolic pathway is the product of a
specific gene acting on a specific substrate. Thus, if a mutant
gene fails to make an effective enzyme, the substrate of that
enzyme (an intermediate pigment in the Drosophila case) might
~ ~ ~ _ _ ~ _ _ 1 ~ , 1 . ~ ~ .
1 ~ Cat
acc-uI~lula~e In Ine tissue Involved tto give the eye its mutant
color, for example).
In 1928 Jack and Helen moved to Pasadena where Morgan
and his group were setting up a new laboratory at the California
Institute of Technology, under the auspices of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington. The two Schultz children, Peter
and Jill, were born in Pasadena and spent most of their early
childhood there. At this stage Helen preferred to devote only
part of her time working at the laboratory on interchromosomal
effects. The results of her experiments may be briefly sum
marized: In the first place, there were demonstrated, in struc-
tural homozygotes with normal sequence, hitherto unsuspected
positive and negative correlations of crossing-over in given
regions of nonhomologous chromosomes. Some of the positive
correlations were believed to be the result of response to com-
mon environmental factors, such as the persistence of the
polarized pattern of pairing of chromosomes seen at meiosis.
However, other correlations, and the negative correlations in
particular, gave evidence of a real interchromosomal influence.
Extensive data were gathered on the facilitation of crossing-over
by heterologous inversions (a phenomenon previously noted by
C. B. Bridges and others) faith special attention to the effects of
combined inversions on interference and to differential re-
sponses of different reunions to different inversions. The hetero-
chromatic regions were shown to be important in these inter-
OCR for page 399
JACK SCHULTZ
399
chromosomal effects. Also, the regional differences found
between triploids and diploids, both in structurally homozygous
and in structurally heterozygous types, indicated that the effects
of triploidy on crossing-over are to be considered an example of
the phenomenon of interchromosomal influence.
.
At Cal Tech Jack attacked many problems in Drosophila
genetics, collaborating with Sturtevant, Bridges, Theodosius
Dobzhansky, David G. Catcheside, and others in showing how
genes control development and how their effects are modified
by suppressor genes. ~
I__ I _ _ ~ ~ ~ _ ~] ~ · . ~ ~ T · ~ ~ ~ ~
With Morgan and Bridges (and after
DIlQ~S Learn, warn viola curry; ne co-authored eleven of the
group's annual reports to the Carnegie Institution under the
title, "Constitution of the germinal material in relation to hered-
ity." Today such a title would imply that the group was reporting
results in molecular biology, but the reports actually concerned
the classical genetics of Drosophila: descriptions of new mutants,
dose effects in sex determination, position effects, the elaboration
of salivary gland chromosome maps, effects of X rays on crossing-
over, etc. Jack contributed his share to the papers that resulted
from this work and even participated in a study with Albert
Tyler on the reversibility of fertilization of Urechis eggs. There
is a legend that it took only two weeks for lack to teach I. B. S.
Haldane the basic genetics of Drosophila.
But Jack was primarily interested in the molecular biology
implied by the impressive title of the Carnegie reports; he
wanted to knots the chemical constitution of the genetic ma-
terial and hole it functioned not only in heredity, but how it
functioned to produce the phenotype. It had become obvious
that chromosomes contained the genes, but their chemical com-
position and chemical role in directing development of the
phenotype were not amenable to study by the classical staining
methods available in Morgan's laboratory.
Fortunately, at that time Torbjorn 0. Caspersson in Stocl;-
holm alas developing methods for the microspectrophotometry
~ 1 . ~ . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _
~ . . .
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400
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
of cells in the ultraviolet end of the spectrum; Jack, with his
training in both genetics and biophysics, was the ideal person
to use these methods in following the metabolism of the nucleic
acids in cells. So in 1937, under the auspices of the Rockefeller
Foundation, he went to work with Caspersson. Jack and his
family spent two very pleasant and stimulating years with their
new Swedish friends in Stockholm; those with whom they
formed especially warm and long-lasting friendships included
the Casperssons, the Gert Bonniers, and the John Runnstroms.
In the laboratory, Jack and Caspersson soon showed that
there is indeed a relation between the metabolism of the two
kinds of nucleic acids: The nucleolus was found to contain large
amounts of pentose nucleic acid, whereas the chromosomes
themselves largely contain deoxypentose nucleic acid. More-
over, the observation that the cytoplasm of rapidly dividing
cells is rich in pentose nucleic acid as compared to resting cells
gave them a glimmer of current thought as to the mechanism of
gene action: mRNA synthesis, ribosome synthesis, tRNA syn-
thesis, and protein synthesis. [ack's review of this and of other
work, published as early as 1941, "The evidence of the nucleo-
protein nature of the gene," concludes, "At the present time
the properties of the genes and of nucleoprotein metabolism
are evidently parallel: specificity, self reproduction, relations
to synthesis and distribution of nucleoproteins in the cell, all
are what they should be were the genes nucleoproteins. It
would seem therefore, that our present task is to develop the
physiology of the nucleoproteins into an effective physiology of
the genes."
When one also recalls that in 1932 lack had been involved
with Bridges in the discovery of specific suppressor genes, one
can appreciate his reaction to current concepts of how gene
action is controlled by interactions among operons, repressors,
.
and inducers: It was one of deja flu. As an explorer, Jack had
long before sketched that intellectual territory, but its scientific
OCR for page 401
JACK SCHULTZ
401
relevance became generally accepted only years later after other
molecular biologists had settled into it and painstakingly har-
vested specific chemical evidence for its reality.
When World War II broke out, Helen and the children
sailed for the United States, but lack tarried in Edinburgh lone
enough to attend the International Genetics Congress and
barely managed to catch one of the last civilian boats home.
Back in Pasadena, he wanted to continue the work he and
Caspersson had begun.
But, as George Rudkin tells us, ``The
years following t~ack's] return from Sweden were marked by
the search for financial support for the acquisition and operation
of the complicated, expensive instrumentation of the type de-
veloped in Stockholm, this in an era when grants were rare and
in a laboratory where simple equipment was stressed. The period
(1939-1943) ended with a harried year spent partly as visiting
professor with Lewis John Stadler, at Missouri, working on
variegation in corn, partly at Cal Tech and partly at Woods
Hole, not far from the Marine Laboratory of the Philadelphia-
based Lankenau Hospital Research Institute at North Truro,
Massachusetts. That same period saw the completion of a new
review, this time from a chemical point of view, 'The Gene as a
Chemical Unit,' much of which is still illuminating thirty years
later. In 1943, he joined the Lankenau organization, then under
the directorship of Dr. Stanley P. Reimann.
"Reimann was in the process of building up The Institute
for Cancer Research (as it was later called), which was dedicated
to the proposition that logical solutions to the cancer problem
would come from an understanding of the basic mechanisms
underlying development and growth. Jack enthusiastically
brought his expertise in 'genetics, embryology, and physiology
to this new enterprise. He became immersed in trying to under-
stand the many facets of cancer and, as one of the few geneticists
in the field, wrote a number of classical reviews on the subject."
Jack and Helen were warmly welcomed to the Philadelphia
OCR for page 402
402
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
scene by members of the faculty of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, particularly by Charles W. Metz and his associates. The
Schultz family lived first in the village of Ithan, on the Main
Line west of Philadelphia. In 1949, when the Institute moved
from its crowded and makeshift quarters at the old Lankenau
Hospital on Girard Avenue, to its modern new building in Fox
Chase, they moved to Elkins Park and finally settled in Hunting-
don Valley, a suburb in the northeast, where they could happily
do some gardening. Jack and Helen also spent many delightful
summers at Cold Spring Harbor with such friends as Milislav
Demerec, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Curt Stern, Ernst W.
Caspari, Berwind P. Kaufmann, Alfred E. Mirsky, and Barbara
McClintock.
In his own laboratory, Jack and his colleagues worked on
projects in many areas. With human material easily available
from the Lankenau Hospital, Dr. Reimann soon induced Jack
to study human chromosomes. As a result, in 1946 he and
Patricia St. Lawrence were able to map two of the chromosomes
associated faith the nucleolus in preparations of human
pachytene chromosomes and to show that, like the pachytene
chromosomes of other species, they have distinctive chromomere
patterns. This area of research has been continued at The
Institute for Cancer Research by Jack's former student, David
Hungerford.
Another project involved devising minimal media for grow-
ing Drosophila cultures as a preparation for studying the one-
gene-one-enzyme hypothesis in a higher organism. Although it
was found that different stocks indeed had different require-
ments for such substances as tryptophan, the project was eventu-
ally dropped because of the difficulty in getting clear-cut non-
leaky, nutritional mutants. In another, somewhat related
project, Jack and Elizabeth K. Patterson followed the activities
of such enzymes as the peptidases during the development of
specific organs in Drosophila. Measurements of the nucleic acid
OCR for page 413
TACK SCHULTZ
413
chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
17:513-18.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 30:408-15.
1932
The behavior of vermilion-suppressor in mosaics. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci., 18:485-86.
The developmental system affected by the genes for eye color in
Drosophila. In: Bloc. 6th Int. Congr. Genet., ed. by Donald F.
tones, vol. 2, pp. 178-79. New York: Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
(A)
With C. B. Bridges. Methods for distinguishing between duplica-
tions and specific suppressors. Am. Nat., 65:323-34.
With A. Tyler. Inhibition and reversal of fertilization in the eggs
of the Echinoid worm, Urech is can pot J. Exp. Zool., 63:509-30.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 31:303-7.
1933
X-ray effects on Droso phila pseud o-o bscura. Genetics, 18: 284-91.
With T. Dobzhansky. Triploid hybrids between Drosophila melano-
gaster and Drosophila simulans. J. Exp. Zool., 65:73-82.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 32:298-302.
1934
With T. Dobzhansky. The relation of a dominant eye color in
Drosophila melanogaster to the associated chromosome rear-
rangement. Genetics, 19:344-64.
With T. Dobzhansky. The distribution of sex factors in the X-
chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Genet., 28:349-86.
With T. Dobzhansky. Sex in Drosophila and other organisms. Am.
Nat., 68:190-91.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 33: 274-80.
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414
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1935
Aspects of the relation between genes and development in Drosoph-
ila. Am. Nat., 69:30-54.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 34: 284-91.
1936
Variegation in Drosophila and the inert chromosome regions. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci., 22:27-33.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 35: 289-97.
Radiation and the study of mutation in animals. In: Biological
E§ects of Radiation, ed. by B. M. Duggar, vol. 2, pp. 1209-61.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
1937
With D. C. Catcheside. The nature of closed X-chromosomes in
Droso phila melanogaster. J. Genet., 35: 315-20.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 36:298-305.
1938
With T. Caspersson. Nucleic acid metabolism of the chromosomes
in relation to gene reproduction. Nature, 142:294-95.
With T. H. Morgan and C. B. Bridges. The constitution of the
germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book, 37: 304-9.
1939
With T. Caspersson. Heterochromatic regions and the nucleic acid
metabolism of the chromosomes. Archiv fur experimentelle Zell-
forschung besonders Gewebezuchtung, 22: 650-53.
With T. Caspersson. Pentose nucleotides in the cytoplasm of grow-
ing tissues. Nature, 143: 602-3.
With T. H. Morgan, C. B. Bridges, and V. Curry. Investigations on
the constitution of the germinal material in relation to heredity.
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book, 38:273-77.
OCR for page 415
JACK SCHULTZ
1940
415
With T. Caspersson. Ribonucleic acids in both nucleus and cyto-
plasm, and the function of the nucleolus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
26:507-15.
With T. Caspersson and L. Aquilonius. The genetic control of
nucleolar composition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 26:515-23.
With T. H. Morgan and V. Curry. Investigations on the constitu-
tion of the germinal material in relation to heredity. Carnegie
Inst. Wash. Year Book, 40:282-87.
1941
The evidence of the nucleoprotein nature of the gene. Cold Spring
Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 9:55-65.
The function of heterochromatin. In: Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Genet.,
ed. by R. C. Punnett, pp. 257-62. London: Cambridge Univ.
Press.
1943
Physiological aspects of genetics. Annual Review of Physiology,
5:35-62.
(Unsigned) Bridges, Calvin Blackman. National Cyclopedia of
American Biography, vol. 30, pp. 374-75. New York: James T.
White 8c Co., Inc.
1 944
The gene as a chemical unit. In: Colloid Chemistry, Theoretical
and Applied, vol. 5, ed. by J. Alexander, pp. 819-50. New York:
Reinhold Publishing Corporation.
With F. S. lose. Differentiation of chromosomal proteins by stain-
ing techniques. Rec. Genet. Soc. Am., 13:34. (A)
1945
Genetic factors in cancer. Clinics, 4:118-27.
With F. S. Jose. Differentiation of chromosomal proteins by staining
techniques. Genetics, 30:20-21. (A)
1946
The analysis of chromomere patterns in man. Rec. Genet. Soc. Am.,
14:58-59. (A)
With P. St. Lawrence and D. Newmeyer. A chemically defined
OCR for page 416
416
BI OGRAPHI CAL ME M OIRS
medium for the growth of Drosophila melanogaster. Anat. Rec.,
96:540. (A)
1 947
The nature of heterochromatin. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.
Biol., 12: 179-91.
Nuclear differentiation and the origin of tumors. Cancer Res.
7:41-42. (A)
With G. T. Rudkin. Evolution of nutritional requirements in ani-
mals: amino acids essential for Drosophila melanogaster. Anat.
Rec., suppl., 99:613. (A)
1948
.,
With G. T. Rudkin. Absence of a sparing action of tryptophane
on the nicotinamide requirements of the fly, Drosophila melano-
gaster. Fed. Proc., 7:185. (A)
1949
Chemical genetics in Drosophila. Meeting of American Chemical
Society, p. 41C. (A)
With G. T. Rudkin. A comparison of the tryptophane require-
ments of mutant and wild type Drosophila melanogaster. In:
Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Genet., Hereditas suppl., pp. 652-53. (A)
With G. T. Rudkin. Nutritional requirements and the chemical
genetics of Drosophila melanogaster. In: Proc. 8th Int. Congr.
Genet., Hereditas suppl., pp. 657-58. (A)
With T. Caspersson. Nucleic acids in Drosophila eggs and Y-chro-
mosome effects. Nature, 163: 66-67.
With E. K. Patterson and M. E. Dackerman. Peptidase activities
of extracts of salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. J.
Gen. Physiol., 32:607-22.
With E. K. Patterson and M. E. Dackerman. Peptidase increase ac-
companying growth of the larval salivary gland of Drosophila
melanogaster. J. Gen. Physiol., 32:623-45.
With R. C. MacDuffee and T. F. Anderson. Smear preparations for
the electron microscopy of animal chromosomes. Science, 110:
5-7.
OCR for page 417
JACK SCHULTZ
417
With P. St. I,awrence. A cytological basis for a map of the nucleolar
chromosome in man. Journal of Heredity, 40:31-38.
1950
Interrelations of factors affecting heterochromatin-induced variega-
tion in Drosophila. Genetics, 35:134. (A)
The question of plasmagenes. Science, 111:403-7.
1951
\Vith T. Caspersson. Cytochemical measurements in the study of
the gene. In: Genetics in the 20th Century, ed. by L. C. Dunn,
pp. 155-71. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
The effect of ultra-violet radiation on a ring chromosome in Zea
Mays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 37: 590-600.
With H. Redfield. Interchromosomal effects on crossing over in
Drosophila. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 16:175-97.
With Margaret M. Service. Genetic differences in the requirement
for ribosenucleic acid and glycine in Drosophila melanogaster.
Fed. Proc., 10:245. (A)
1952
Interrelations between nucleus and cytoplasm: problems at the
biological level. Exp. Cell Res., suppl. 2. Chemistry and physi-
ology of the nucleus), pp. 17~2.
1953
With G. T. Rudkin and H. Temin. Evidence for the equality of
chromosomal material in white and wild-type bearing sections
of salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.
Genetics, 38:686. (A)
With D. A. Hungerford. Characteristics of pairing in the salivary
gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 38:
689. (A)
With N. Bischoff. A comparison of the effects of antimetabolites and
systemic carcinogens on morphogenesis in Drosophila melano-
gaster. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1:48. (A)
With l. F. Aronson, D. A. Hungerford, and G. T. Rudkin. A test
system for the microspectrophotometry of chromosomes. l.
Histochem. Cytochem., 1:398. (A)
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With N. Rothman and M. M. Aronson. The growth and morpho-
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With L. Levenbook and E. C. Travaglini. The effect of the Y
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With E. Travaglini. Genetic control of RNA constitution in the
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With G. T. Rudkin. Disproportionate synthesis of DNA in polytene
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Innovators and controversies. Book review of The Gene: A Critical
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With E. Hadorn and R. Gsell. Stability of a position-effect varie-
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New ideas. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 15:435-42.
With E. C. Travaglini and l. Petrovic.~ Characterization of the
DNA in Drosophila melanogasteY. Genetics, 72:419-30.
With E. C. Travaglini and l. Petrovic. ~ Satellite DNA's in the
embryos of various species of the genus Drosophila. Genetics,
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With E. C. Travaglini.~ Circular DNA molecules in the genus
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Human values and human genetics. Am. Nat., 107:585-97.
~ Written by co-authors after the death of Dr. Schultz.
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422
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES
Talbot, T. R., Jr., 1971. Jack Schultz, May 7, 1904-April 29, 1971.
Sixteenth Scientific Report, The Institute for Cancer Research,
Philadelphia, pp. 15-16.
Rudkin, G. T., 1971. Jack Schultz, 7 May 1904-29 April 1971.
Genetics, 68:s97-98.
Rudkin, G. T., 1971. Jack Schultz, May 7, 1904-April 29, 1971.
Sixteenth Scientific Report, The Institute for Cancer Research,
Philadelphia, pp. 97-101.
Rudkin, G. T., 1972. Jack Schultz, May 7, 1909WApril 29, 1971.
In: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, ed. by W. Beer-
mann, vol. 4, pp. 5-6. New York: Springer-Verlag.
OCR for page 423
Representative terms from entire chapter:
jack schultz
