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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
July 6,1892-January 10,1965
BY GORDON R. WILLEY
SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP was born in Milton, Massachu-
setts, on July 6, 1892, the elder son of William Sturgis
Hooper Lothrop and Alice Putnam (Bacon) Lothrop. His was a
distinguished family in the New England Brahmin intellectual
tradition. His great-grandfather, for whom he was named, was
a leading Unitarian minister of his time and is represented ire
library card files by almost as many author carcis as his great-
grandson.
Young Samuel spent his childhood in Massachusetts and
Puerto Rico, his father having sugar interests on that island at
the turn of the century. He attended Groton school, where he
was distinguished by being chosen as Senior Prefect and where
he played end on the football team and stroked the crew. He
entered Harvard College in 1911, graduating with the class of
1915. Subsequently, he was to pursue graduate work in anthro-
pology and archaeology at that institution.
The beginnings of Sam (as he was to be known to his col-
leagues) Lothrop's interest in archaeology are obscure; how-
ever, his brother Francis, six years his junior, remembers that
he had a great friend and Groton classmate, William Crocker,
whose father was a collector of antiquities of all kinds, and
suggests that this may have provided a stimulus. In any event,
he was an archaeology and anthropology undergraduate con-
253
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254
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
centrator at Harvard, and very early he came under the influence
of that remarkable teacher of Mexican and Central American
archaeology and ethnology, Alfred Marston Tozzer. He had his
first field experience in archaeology in the summer of 1915, at
Pecos, New Mexico. This was a field excavation program under
the auspices of the R. S. Peabody Foundation of Andover,
Massachusetts, and it was under the direction of A. V. Kidder,
later to become one of America's leading archaeologists. Next
to Tozzer, Kidder was an important influence in Lothrop's
archaeological education and general training. Following this
summer's work, Lothrop traveled extensively in Central Amer-
ica and in Puerto Rico as an associate of the Peabody Museum
of Harvard, visiting sites, making small excavations, and study-
ing collections.
His archaeological career was interrupted by the World War
I years 1917-1918, when he served as a Second Lieutenant in
the U.S. Army Military Intelligence. But he returned to formal
graduate work at Harvard in 1919. His first archaeological
publication, an article on Chiriquian goldwork from Panama,
appeared in that year; and from then on his course was set in
Central and South American studies. His Ph.D. thesis, sub-
mitted in 1921, was on the ceramics of Costa Rica and Nica-
ragua. This represented more than two years of research on
museum and private collections in Central America, the United
States, and Europe. Among the important by-products of this
study, as Lothrop once told this biographer, was making the
acquaintance of the British Museum's very distinguished Ameri-
canist, Thomas Joyce, who with his broad knowledge of Central
Americana aided and encouraged the young Harvard scholar in
his task. Later, in 1926, the thesis was published in the classic
two-volume work, Pottery of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, which,
fifty years later, is still the basic reference on the subject.
After taking his doctorate, Lothrop was employed by the
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
255
Carnegie Institution's Historical Division to carry out field
investigations in Yucatan and in Guatemala. As the result of
this period of research, carried out in 1923, he published the
first major monograph on the Yucatecan Maya ruin of Tulum
in 1924. This was to remain a lifetime pattern. All of Lothrop's
field researches resulted in some substantial addition to the
printed record; he never allowed field investigations to run far
ahead of getting some of the results down on paper and available
to his colleagues.
Between the years 1924 and 1930, he was on the staff of the
Museum of the American Indian, H eye Fountlation, in New
York City. This was to be one of the most productive periods of
his career and, in many ways, one of the happiest, although it
ended somewhat abruptly with the sudden dissolution of the
Foundation's research staff and interests as a result of the stock
market crash in late 1929. During this period Sam explored
widely in Latin America and established himself as the out-
standing overall Latin American authority in archaeology. Very
much of an "internationalist" by nature, he became a good
friend of the Argentine archaeologists of the time, particularly
the late Fernando Marquez Miranda; and through these rela-
tionships, he was one of the very few North Americans who was
ever invited to conduct excavations in Argentine territory. He
explored a series of sites near the mouth of the Plate River,
and his monograph on these, "Indians of the Parana Delta,
Argentina," was eventually brought out by the New York Acad-
emy of Sciences in 1932. He also did ethnological fieldwork in
the mid-1920s in Argentina and Chile, producing another dis-
tinguished work, The Indians of Tierra del Fuego (1928~. Cen-
tral America then claimed his attention, with explorations in
Guatemala, in the vicinity of Lake Atitlan, and in E1 Salvador.
All of this work was "consolidated" by prompt publication. Af-
ter the drastic curtailment of the Heye's publication program,
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256
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Lothrop turned to other institutions and sources in his deter-
mination to see his work made a part of the permanent scientific
record.
At the termination of his appointment with the Heye Foun-
dation, Lothrop, again, returned to Harvard's Peabody Museum,
where he continued as a Research Associate and as the Curator
of Andean Archaeology until his retirement. Actually, he con-
tinued on beyond that, in a very active emeritus status, until
his death in 1965. A man of independent means, he was not
dependent on the very small stipend that the museum could
afford to pay him during those years. Indeed, his out-of-pocket
monetary contributions to archaeology were much greater than
his formal income from that subject; but, fully a professional in
his dedication to archaeology and anthropology, Sam Lothrop
always prized his curatorial status at the museum, to which he
was very loyal.
His first important archaeological job of the 1930s was to
take over as Field Director of the Peabody Museum's exciting
archaeological dig at the Sitio Conte, in the Cocle Department
of Central Panama. The Sitio Conte had been found, by ama-
teurs, as the result of seasonal river flooding. Amazing gold
specimens, along with pottery and handsomely carved objects
of colored stone and bone, had been washed out along the banks
of the Rio Cocle. Professor Tozzer and other Peabody Museum
archaeologists had visited the site and arranged for its excava-
tion with the Conte family, the owners of the property. The
excavations revealed unusually rich tombs, fully consistent with
the early sixteenth-century Spanish descriptions of the burials
of warrior chiefs of the region. These petty but all-powerful
dignitaries had been interred, along with retainers sacrificed at
their deaths, with profusions of grave goods, including cast and
hammered gold jewelry. The style of these metal objects, while
related to that of the better-known Chiriqui goldwork of north-
ern Panama and Costa Rica, was, if anything, even more hand-
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
257
some. Along with the pendant frogs, bats, and human figures
were embossed breastplates and diadems or crowns, as well as
polished stone items set or bound in gold. Among these last were
occasional emeralds. Lothrop proved equal to the task of direct-
ing the careful explorations that laid bare the dispositions of
grouped human skeletons and the numerous accomnanvin~
artifacts in these chiefly graves. His two volumes on the Cocle
culture, Cocle; An Archaeological Study of Central Panama,
published in 1937 and 1942, are masterpieces of archaeological
description and presentation. He was always extraordinarily
careful with his illustrative material—both photographic and
line and stipple drawings; and in the Cocle volumes he did
himself, and American archaeology, proud with superlative
work of this sort by topflight professional photographers and
artists.
Early in 1941, before America's entry into World War II,
Sam was in Peru, directing a unit of the Institute of Andean
Research's program in Latin American archaeological studies.
This was the first time this author came to know him well. He
gave generously of his time in guiding some of us younger
^ ~r~ ^~ it's
colleagues to archaeological sites up and down the Peruvian
coast. His knowledge of the ceramics, textiles, and other arts of
the area was enormous, so that he was an excellent consultant
for those who were tyros to that particular field. Although he
carried out no excavations in this 1941-1944 period, being
largely occupied through much of it with U.S. governmental
matters, he was able to travel widely and to make numerous
surface collections as well as compile field notes on sites. Later,
he published articles on the little-known Chira-Parinas region
of the far north coast (1948) and, in collaboration with Joy
Mahler, papers on Zapallan and Chavina grave finds (both in
1957~.
In the l950s Lothrop was again in the field as an excavator,
working in southern Costa Rica and in the Canal Zone. The
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258
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Costa Rican explorations, made in the Diquis delta country of
the Pacific drainage, were the subject of his last major field
report, brought out in 1963. He was at work on the Canal Zone
Venado Beach site collections, among other projects, at the
time of his death in 1965.
This very brief rundown of Lothrop's field career fails to
include the numerous articles of synthesis or of special topical
interest that he also authored. Among the outstanding of these
are his detailed analysis of the goldwork from the sacred Maya
cenote at Chichen Itza ( 1952), "Metals from the Cenote of
Sacrifice"; "A Re-appraisal of Isthmian Archaeology" (1959~;
and"Early Migrations to Central and South America" (1961~.
Sam Lothrop was highly regarded by his colleagues and con-
temporaries. He received the A. V. Kidder Medal for Achieve-
ment in Archaeology in 1957, the Huxley Memorial Medal of
the Royal Anthropological Institute in 1960, and the Wenner-
Gren Medal for Archaeology in 1961. In 1951 he was elected
to membership in the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America, and in Great Britain he was honored
by being made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Anthropologi-
cal Institute. He was also a longtime fellow or member of the
American Anthropological Association, the Society for Ameri-
can Archaeology, the Societe des Americanistes de Paris, and
many other European or Latin American scientific bodies. It has
been noted that he was very internationalist in outlook, and this
is underlined by the fact that he was a moving spirit in the
International Congress of Americanists and, certainly, in foreign
circles its best-known U.S. member. A founder and longtime
member of the Institute of Andean Research, he helped direct
its policies, establish its foreign ties, and carry out its investiga-
tions for many years. The esteem of his colleagues was given
special emphasis by the publication of the volume, Essays in
Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology (1961), a unique Festschrift
presentation in that it contained an article by the dedicated, a
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
259
reminiscent survey of archaeology in the Latin American field,
entitled "Archaeology, Then and Now."
As a man, Sam Lothrop had considerable charm. He was a
bon vivant and a gentleman of breeding. There was very little
"side" or stuffiness to him. He presented, instead, a rather shy
diffidence. At the same time, he was readily approachable on
matters archaeological, whether scientific or practical. For the
most part, he tended to withdraw from open controversy about
his work or that of others; yet he was an archaeologist of very
definite opinions and in group meetings or face-to-face conversa-
tion was never hesitant to express disagreement.
His mode of work is of interest, and it reflected much in his
life-style. This biographer has observed Lothrop in his study of
a large collection, that of the Diquis region or of Venado Beach,
and others confirm his procedures from his work on the Cocle
materials. Pottery, goldwork, and artifacts of all kinds would be
spread out over laboratory table space and the available room
on the floor. Sam would then spend days looking at the objects,
checking excavation notes, and directing the efforts of his pho-
tographer and artists with the utmost patience. Weeks, even
months, would pass in this manner, with little or no descriptive
observations being made by the archaeologist.
Finally, at the end of this laboratory session, carried out at
the Peabody Museum at Harvard, would come a relatively brief
period of writing and note-taking. With these notes, and with
the voluminous photographs and pen-and-ink drawings, Sam
would then retire to his library-office in New York City. Here,
surrounded by all the pertinent literature, and deeply immersed
in it, he would prepare the final report, a document that would
be very carefully related to the extant body of scientific writings
that could in any way bear upon the subject. His comparative
work was done largely from the very rich illustrative record that
he brought to his library with him and that would, eventually,
end up in his monograph.
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260
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
He had no peer in the Americanist literature. He was an
avid bibliophile, and it is no exaggeration to say that he had the
finest library on the archaeology of the Latin American areas of
any scholar of his time. This, as mentioned, was for many years
housed in his office-library, quarters he maintained separately
from his New York apartment residence. To many of the
younger members of the profession, Sam's library, with its
adjacent well-stocked bar, became "archaeological headquarters"
for the whole northeastern United States; and it was here that
he hosted the annual meetings of the Institute of Andean Re-
search for many years. A few years prior to his death, when Sam
left New York City, he transferred the library to his spacious
home in Belmont, Massachusetts. The entire library was left to
the Peabody Museum of Harvard in his will.
Lothrop was married to Rachel Warren, of Boston, in 1914,
and they had three children, Samuel K., Jr., Joan, and John
Warren. His second wife was Eleanor Bachman, of Philadelphia,
whom he married in 1929. His third wife was Joy Mahler, of
New York City, also a professional archaeologist, who collabo-
rated with him on various archaeological publications, and
whom he married in 1958.
Lothrop was a sports fan, especially of boating and ice
hockey. This author, raised in southern California and Arizona,
had, in those days, seen little of the latter sport. He remembers
being taken by an enthusiastic Sam to watch that swift and
furious game at the Boston arena. Sam's own participation, in
later years at least, was yachting. He was a member of the Union
Boat Club of Boston, and, in his role of enthusiast, he provided
Edward Wood, Jr., with many of the photographs that were
used as illustrations in the latter's history of the Mattapoisett
Yacht Club, entitled Sailing Days at Mattapoisett, 1870-1890.
For many years Sam maintained a summer residence at Matta-
poisett. His sailing interests overlapped, to a degree, with his
archaeology in his preparation of what was to be an important
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
261
article, "Aboriginal Navigation off the West Coast of South
America" (1932).
Sam Lothrop's great contribution to American archaeology
was heavily substantive. The variety and nature of this sub-
stance can be appraised in the appended extensive bibliography
covering the years 1919 through a posthumously published
article of 1966. He was a pioneer and an explorer. This refers
not so much to the connotations of cutting one's way along
jungle trails (although Sam did some of this) as to appraising,
describing, and laying the groundwork for the archaeology of
many South and Central American regions. At the same time
Sam's work was in no way superficial. He believed in the objects
and materials that were recovered archaeologically. He believed
in the value of their most complete description and intrinsic
analyses. This is evident in his great respect for technical and
artistic craftsmanship and in his attempts to find out all that he
could about these. The late Dudley Easby, Jr., in his obituary
statement on Lothrop (~4 merican A ntiquity, 31: 256-61, 1965),
stated:
"He wrote with brilliance and clarity on pottery, lapidary
work, fine metalwork, navigation, and, together with Rivet and
Nordenskiold, was one of the first to consult technical specialists
instead of dreaming up technological phantasies." Easby, him-
self a leading authority on Pre-Columbian metallurgy, went on
to praise Lothrop's pioneering efforts in this field and to credit
him with encouragement and stimulation to others. In this
regard, it should be noted that Lothrop was the one who brought
the metallurgist, W. C. Root, into Pre-Columbian studies. Root
later wrote the definitive articles on the subject of his time, and
he later collaborated with Lothrop on the study of the Chichen
Itza cenote metals referred to above.
Sam's esthetic appreciation and judgment was as finely de-
veloped as his sense of craft technology. He had an all-encom-
passing visual memory for specimens and for the details of these
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
and a rare good taste that transcended the barriers among cul-
tures. This visual acuity was interesting, in one sense, in that,
owing to a childhood accident, he had only 25 percent vision in
one eye; yet, despite this handicap, he was one of the great
connoisseurs of Pre-Columbian art. He demonstrated this in
numerous articles and in two great "art books," one on the
Robert Woods Bliss Collection of Dumbarton Oaks (1957) and
another brought out by the Skira publishers of Geneva (1964~.
But the understructure of Sam Lothrop's substantive con-
tribution was in sheer systematic exploration and recording in
little-known regions of Latin America, especially in what has
come to be referred to as "Lower Central America," or that part
of Central America south and east of the Maya frontier and
down to and including the Isthmus of Panama. His research and
publication on this part of the New World still stands as greater
than that of any other scholar for that region. In recent years
younger workers have entered this field, and we are coming to
know much more about the archaeolgy of these Central Ameri-
can republics than formerly; but Sam laid much of the ground-
work, and he was instrumental in encouraging Doris Stone and
others who have followed him in Isthmian studies.
On the theoretical side, Lothrop's outstanding contribution
was in the linking of archaeology and ethnohistory, again espe-
cially with the data of lower Central America. In this he was
an exacting documentary scholar, and his studies of this kind
have not yet been duplicated for the Nicaraguan, Costa Rican,
and Panamanian regions. Sam probably would not have looked
upon this as something that was in the "theoretical" realm. To
him it was straightforward history or history-and-archaeology.
Younger workers may question some of his assumptions about
archaeological-to-ethnographical continuities in his attempts to
explain some prehistoric phenomena; but Lothrop had the very
great advantage of knowing his particular areas of work in their
depths of both archaeological and ethnohistorical detail so that
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
263
the major guidelines of his reconstructions, such as those con-
cerning the Panamanian chiefdoms, are probably very sound
even though they appear, to a degree, to be intuitive. He showed
little interest in in situ processes of cultural development; and,
· . . ~ . . .
as an Investigation ot these Is now enjoying current aver, some
of his writings may seem "old-fashioned." He was, perhaps,
something of a diffusionist. At least many of his shorter papers
dealt with themes of probable relationships in styles and tech-
nologies as these were found across great distances of South and
Central America; but he "rode no particular horse" in insisting
on special diffusionistic interpretations of American cultural
history. He was particularistic and immersed in the data, and he
knew these data very well. When H. I. Spinclen put forth his
imaginative idea of the "Archaic hypothesis," Lothrop, along
with G. C. Vaillant, pointed to the exceptions and irregularities
in the data that the hypothesis could not smooth over or recon-
cile. Still, he, too, could take the broad view of the American
field.
In retrospect, one sees Samuel Kirkland Lothrop as a very
"catholic" archaeologist of his time. Fittingly, for his generation,
he bridged the earlier great scholars, such as Eduard Seler and
W. H. Holmes, and the somewhat more anthropologically, or
"social-science"-minded, group that was to follow. He was less
"developmentally oriented," or "chronology-minded," than his
contemporaries, A. V. Kidder and G. C. Vaillant; but he was
more adept as an ethnohistoric scholar and a technological-
esthetic appraiser than they. But, as they were, he was also both
an anthropologist and a humanist. And, as is evident in all of
his work, he really enjoyed archaeology.
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264
KEY TO ABBRE VIA TIONS
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
COMPILED BY MARY L. MALLORY
Am. Anthropol. = American Anthropologist
Am. Antiq. = American Antiquity
Art Archaeol. = Art and Archaeology
Bull. Burl Am. Ethnol. = Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology
Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. = Carnegie Institution of Washington Publica-
tion
Contrib. Mus. Am. Indian, Heye Found. = Contributions from the Museum
of the American Indian, Heye Foundation
Indian Notes Monogr. Mus. Am. Indian, Heye Found. = Indian Notes and
Monographs, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation
J. R. Anthropol. Inst. G. B. Irel. = Journal of the Royal Anthropological
Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
Mem. Peabody Mus. Archaeol. Ethnol. Harvard Univ. = Memoirs of the
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University
Pap. Peabody Mus. Archaeol. Ethnol. Harvard Univ. = Papers of the Pea-
body Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University
1919
The discovery of gold in the graves of Chiriqui, Panama. Indian
Notes Monogr. Mus. Am. Indian, Heye Found., 6:23-28.
1921
The ceramics of northern Costa Rica and western Nicaragua. (Ph.D.
Thesis) Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University.
An exhibition of American art objects. Art Archaeol., 12:37.
The stone statues of Nicaragua. Am. Anthropol., 23:31 1-19.
1923
American feather-decorated mats. Am. Anthropol., 25:304-6.
The mystery figure from Mexico. The Sphere, 95:107.
Stone yokes from Mexico and Central America. Man, 23:97-98.
The Peabody Museum houses a significant number of Samuel Kirkland
Lothrop's unpublished notes, photographs, and site plans related to his work in
British Honduras, highland Guatemala, Panama, Puerto Rico, and other areas of
Central and South America. In addition, other miscellany, such as his personal
correspondence, is kept in the Archives of the Museum.
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
1924
265
Las ruinas de Quelepa. Diario de Oriente, March 1. San Miguel.
Tulum, an archaeological study of the East Coast of Yucatan. Car-
negie Inst. Wash. Publ. no. 335. Washington, D.C.
1925
The architecture of the ancient Mayas. The Architectural Record,
57:491-509.
Exodus and Iliad in ancient America. The extraordinary culture of
the Mayas. The Independent, 114:39~4, 56. Concord, N.H.
The Museum Central American expedition, 1924. Indian Notes,
2: 12-23.
The Thea Heye La Plata expedition. Indian Notes, 2:257-66.
Museum expedition to Tierra del Fuego. Indian Notes, 2:322-35.
Waterways of the Argentine. The Independent, 115:443~6. Con-
cord, N.H.
Sheep and pasture land of Tierra del Fuego. The Independent, 115:
499-502. Concord, N.H.
With l. Linzee Weld. Ona and Yahgan, the southernmost people in
the world. The Independent, 115:579-82. Concord, N.H.
1926
La centinela, an Inca ruin on the coast of Peru. The Independent,
116: 13-16. Concord, N.H.
America disowns Tutankhamen. The Independent, May 8. Con-
cord, N.H.; also in Art and Archaeol., 22: 195.
Lista de sitios arqueologicos en E1 Salvador. Revista de Etnologia,
Arqueologia y Linguistica, 1: 325-28.
Mas sobre la exportacion de objetos arqueolog~cos. E1 Dia. Jan. 28.
San Salvador.
Nicoyan incense burner. Indian Notes, 3:79-81.
Pottery of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Contrib. Mus. Am. Indian,
Heye Found., vol. 8. New York. 2 vols.
A Quiche altar. Man, 26:89-90.
Stone sculptures from the Finca Arevalo, Guatemala. Indian Notes,
3: 147-71.
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266
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1927
The Black Christ of Esquipulas. The Independent, 118:635-36.
Concord, N.H.
The Museum Central American Expedition, 1925-1926. Indian
Notes, 4: 12-33.
A note on Indian ceremonies in Guatemala. Indian Notes, 4:68-81.
The potters of Guatajiagua, Salvador. Indian Notes, 4: 109-18.
A Nicoyan polychrome vase. Indian Notes, 4: 191-200.
Polychrome Guanaco Cloaks of Patagonia. Contrib. Mus. Am. In-
dian, Heye Found., vol. 7, no. 6. New York.
With R. W. Lothrop. Porto Rican collars and elbow stones. Man,
27: 185-86.
Pottery types and their sequence in E1 Salvador. Indian Notes
Monogr. Mus. Am. Indian, Heye Found., 1: 165-220.
To the Mecca of the New World. The Independent, 118:631-34.
Concord, N.H.
Two specimens from Porto Rico. Indian Notes, 4:323-32.
With R. W. Lothrop. The use of plaster on Porto Rican stone carv-
ings. Am. Anthropol., 29:728-30.
The word "Maya" and the fourth voyage of Columbus. Indian
Notes, 4:350-63.
1928
A Porto Rican three-pointed stone. Indian Notes, 5: 15~57.
Diet and stature in Tierra del Fuego. Indian Notes, 5:303-7.
The Indians of Tierra del Fuego. Contrib. Mus. Am. Indian, Heye
Found., vol. 10. New York.
Notes on Guatemalan textiles. Unpublished manuscript in the
Tozzer Library of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and
Ethnology, Harvard University.
Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala. Indian Notes, 5: 370-95.
1929
Further notes on Indian ceremonies in Guatemala. Indian Notes.
6:1-25.
The henequen industry of San Pablo, Guatemala. Indian Notes, 6:
120-29.
Canoes of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. Indian Notes, 6:216-21.
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SAMUEL KIRKLAND LOTHROP
267
Christian and pagan in Guatemala. The Nation, 128:7~76.
Sculptured fragments from Palenque (An account of the first old
empire Maya remains to reach Europe) l. R. Anthropol. Inst.
G. B. Irel., 59:53-63.
1930
A modern survival of the ancient Maya calendar. In: Proceedings of
the 23rd International Congress of Americanists, pp. 652-55. New
York, 1928. Lancaster, Pa.: Science Press.
Notes on Indian textiles of central Chile. Indian Notes, 7:324-35.
1932
Aboriginal navigation off the West Coast of South America. I. R.
Anthropol. Inst. G. B. Irel., 62:229-56.
Indians of the Parana Delta, Argentina. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, 33:77-232.
Painted skin articles from Patagonia. Bulletin du Musee d'Ethno-
graphie du Trocadero, 1:31-41.
1933
Atitlan; an archaeological study of ancient remains on the borders
of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. no. 444.
Washington, D.C.
1934
Archaeological investigation in the province of Cocle, Panama.
American journal of Archaeology, 38:207-11.
Golden relics of an ancient American people. The Literary Digest,
117~11~: 17.
South America. (Summary of archaeological work in the Americas,
1931-1934. I.) Bulletin of the Pan-American Union, 68: 802-25.
With E. B. Lothrop. Treasures which the Spanish conquistadores
missed. Gold, jewelry, and pottery from Cocle, Panama: one of
the richest archaeological discoveries in the New World. The
Illustrated London News, March 31 and June 30, pp. 476-77,
479; plate.
With E. B. Lothrop. Ancient culture brought to light; Panama
graves yield the golden relics of a race long vanished. New York
Times Magazine, vol. 83, no. 27,791, section VI, p. 8.
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268
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1936
Sculptured pottery of the southern Maya and Pipil. Maya Research,
3:140-52.
Zacualpa: a study of ancient Quiche artifacts. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
samuel kirkland
