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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
March 29.1883—May 4,1971
BY A. B AIR D H ASTIN GS
DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE died on May 4, 1971, after a long
and productive career that spanned three generations of
biochemists and physicians. He left behind not only a bibliog-
raphy of 317 journal publications and ~ books, but also more
than 100 persons who had worked with him and distinguished
themselves in biochemistry and academic medicine. To all who
knew him, he was affectionately known as Van, and as Van I
shall refer to him in this synoptic account of his life.
Van was born in Pike, New York, a small rural community,
and he received his early education in the elementary schools
and high school of Geneva, New York. His father was the dis-
tinguished chemist Lucius L. Van Slyke, who received his Ph.D.
at the University of Michigan in 1882 and was on its staff at
the time Van was born, on March 29, 1883. His mother, Lucy
Dexter Van Slyke, died two years later. In 1890, L. L. Van Slyke
became Chief Agricultural Chemist of the New York Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, a post that he held until his retire-
ment, in 1929. Van and his father and his father's profession
were closely intertwined as Van was growing up, which doubt-
less made chemistry a natural choice of study for him, though
for a time he leaned toward architecture. Van had no chemistry
courses in high school, but he used to credit his English teacher,
Miss Florence Parker, with the lucidity that later characterized
all his scientific publications.
309
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Van spent his first college year at Hobart College in Geneva,
where he took his first course in chemistry. Since the college
had but one chemistry course, he transferred to the University
of Michigan, from which he received a B.A. degree in 1905 and
a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1907. He once stated: "The chief reason
I went there was that Moses Gomberg was there. If there was
any outstanding American organic chemist, it was he." In addi-
tion to courses in organic, physical, and analytical chemistry,
Van also took bacteriology and plant physiology as minor sub-
jects. His doctoral thesis, published with Gomberg in the
Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1907, was entitled:
"The Action of Molecular Silver, of Silver Sulfate and Chloride,
and of Sulfuric Acid upon Halogenated Derivatives of Tri-
phenyl-Carbinol Chloride." This occurred shortly after Gom-
berg's exciting discovery in 1900 of the free radical triphenyl-
methyl. Van has delightfully reminisced about his days when he
was working in Gomberg's laboratory. One day he needed a
two-liter bottle that had once contained metallic sodium under
anhydrous ether. Thinking the pieces of sodium in the bottom
had long since reacted, he dumped them in the sink with
running water. "Flashes went off like cannon firecrackers, and
when it stopped, Gomberg looked in through his door and
said: 'Now, Van Slyke, you know what metallic sodium and
water makes'.... Those were days when your professor was not
at a distance."
After receiving his Ph.D. and marrying Rena Mosher in the
same year, Van became an assistant to Phoebus A. Levene at
the newly established Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re-
search in New York City. Since this came about somewhat by
accident, the circumstances are worth recording. Van had
expected to follow in his father's footsteps and become an
agricultural chemist. To this end he had taken and passed a
civil service examination for a position in the Bureau of Chem-
istry. He was scheduled to report right after getting his doctor-
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE 311
ate. But fate took a hand, and at the spring meeting in 1907 of
the American Chemical Society, Van's father chanced to sit
next to Levene, who was recruiting for his department at the
Institute. Luckily for Van and for the Institute, L. L. Van Slyke
mentioned the approaching graduation of his son Donald. The
upshot was that Van received an invitation from Dr. Simon
Flexner, Director of the Rockefeller Institute, to come to New
York for an interview. (In those days—and for many years after
—Simon Flexner personally interviewed all staff members, no
matter how low their rank, before offering them an appoint-
ment.) After consultation with his father, Van accepted the
offer and thereby began his Rockefeller Institute career as bio-
chemist and clinical chemist that was to last forty-one years—
from 1907 to 1948.
THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE, LEVENE PERIOD
The first seven years were spent with Levene, which Van has
described as a "wonderful time" working on proteins and amino
acids. In 1911, Levene arranged for Van to spend a year in
Berlin with Emil Fischer, who was then the leading chemist of
the scientific world. He even had the privilege of working with
Fischer in his private laboratory. Van was particularly impressed
by Fischer's performing all laboratory operations quantitatively
—a procedure Van followed throughout his life.
Prior to going to Berlin, Van had published eight papers
with Levene and two by himself—one of which concerned his
classic nitrous acid method for the quantitative determination
of primary aliphatic amino groups. This method, which was in
widespread use by chemists and biochemists for many years,
depended upon the measurement of the gaseous nitrogen (N~)
evolved by the reaction between alpha amino groups and ni-
trous acid. It was the first of the many gasometric procedures
devised by Van, and made possible the determination of amino
acids in small amounts of blood and other biological materials.
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312
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Until the development of microbiological and chromatographic
procedures, it was the primary method used to study amino acid
. . ~ .
composltlon ot proteins.
Following his return from Berlin, Van continued his study
of amino acid composition of proteins with Levene, and began
his studies of protein digestion and metabolism. With his col-
league G. M. Meyer, he first demonstrated that amino acids,
liberated during digestion in the intestine, are absorbed into
the bloodstream, that they are removed by the tissues, and that
the liver alone possesses the ability to convert the amino acid
. —
nitrogen Into urea.
This work led to a study with his assistant, G. E. Cullen, of
the enzyme, urease, which decomposes urea to ammonia and
carbon dioxide. The quantitative determination of both end
products was subsequently the basis of gasometric procedures
for measuring urea concentration in blood and urine.
From the study of the kinetics of urease action, Van Slyke
and Cullen developed equations that depended upon two re-
actions: (1) the combination of enzyme and substrate in stoichio-
metric proportions and (2) the reaction of the combination into
the end products. Publisher! in 1914, this formulation, involving
two velocity constants, was similar to that arrived at contempo-
raneously by Michaelis and Menten in Germany in 1913.
Thus were Van Slyke's activities during his first seven post-
doctoral years. They centered around the development of better
methodology for protein composition and amino acid metabo-
lism. Van was remarkably productive and happy in his work
with Levene. As he has stated, work on proteins and amino
acids was "his first and enduring love."
HOSPITAL OF THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE PERIOD
Then in 1914 came an opportunity to become the chief
chemist of the newly opened Hospital of the Rockefeller Insti-
tute, at the invitation of Dr. Rufus Cole, Director of the
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLAKE
313
Hospital. Van did not decide to make this change lightly. Years
later, he recalled, "I was so distrustful of my ability to develop
a department of chemistry in the hospital and so reluctant at
leaving Levene, that I made Flexner write me a letter saying
that if I didn't like it in the hospital I could go back to Levene."
But, he continued, "I began to pick up medicine pretty fast and
found it fascinating. So I stayed in the Hospital the rest of the
time I was at the Rockefeller." That amounted to thirty-four
years.
Van once told me that he studied textbooks of physiology
and medicine diligently in preparation for his new responsibil-
ity. He was fortunate in being able to take Dr. Glenn E. Cullen,
his assistant in Levene's laboratory, with him. Cullen, a chemi-
cal engineering graduate from the University of Michigan, was
mechanically minded, resourceful, and had an outgoing person-
ality. He and Van were a harmonious and effective team that
developed the chemical laboratory of the hospital into a facility
notable for its contributions to the budding science of bio-
chemistry and to the yet-to-be-born science of clinical chemistry.
Van Slyke also had the good fortune at this time to obtain
the services of John Plazin, a young emigre from Latvia, as his
personal laboratory assistant. John's ambition was to be the best
assistant conceivable for Donald Dexter Van Slyke. This he
achieved and maintained until he died forty-seven years later.
They worked as one through all those years and their loyalty to
and admiration of each other is a tribute to the faithful charac-
ter of each man. To John, Van was always "Dr. Van Slyke."
Though Van at age thirty entered upon his new responsibili-
ties at the Hospital with some trepidation, he found the clinical
staff so helpful and friendly that he experienced little difficulty
in making the transition from Levene's laboratory to the clin-
ically oriented environment. After all, under the directorship
of Dr. Rufus Cole, the entire Hospital staff was embarking upon
a new undertaking in medical research—the intensive study of
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
disease as a scholarly pursuit—in patients, in animals, and in
the laboratory. "Men who were studying disease clinically had
the right to go as deeply into its fundamental nature as their
training allowed, and in the Rockefeller Institute's Hospital
every man who was caring for patients should also be engaged
in more fundamental study," wrote Dr. Cole in 1911. Though
commonplace today, this was a revolutionary idea at the time.
Van Slyke and Cullen lost no time in applying their sound
organic and physical chemical knowledge and technology to the
clinical problems under study at the Hospital. The study of
diabetes was already under way by Dr. F. M. Allen, the advocate
of the "starvation treatment" of diabetics. Though this worked
temporarily in some cases, eventual death from acidosis con-
tinued to occur. Since acidosis manifested itself in several dif-
ferent chemical ways, and no easy, reliable method for its early
detection existed, Van Slyke turned his attention to this prob-
lem. Characteristically, he went to the heart of the matter
directly. He reasoned that if incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
in the body led to the accumulation of acetoacetic and ,8-hydroxy-
butyric acids in the blood, then a reaction would result between
these acids and the bicarbonate ions that would lead to a lower-
than-normal bicarbonate concentration in blood plasma. The
problem thus became one of devising an analytical method that
would permit the quantitative determination of bicarbonate
concentration in small amounts of blood plasma. Again Van
turned to a gasometric procedure. He ingeniously devised a
volumetric glass apparatus that was easy to use and required
less than ten minutes for the determination of the total carbon
dioxide in one cubic centimeter of plasma and other aqueous
solutions. His original method had an accuracy of about 1
percent.
After the demonstration of the value of using this procedure
in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with diabetes and some
other disease states, the method was widely adopted in hospital
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
315
and research laboratories. It also was soon found to be an excel-
lent apparatus by which to determine blood oxygen concentra-
tions, thus leading to measurements of the percentage saturation
of blood hemoglobin with oxygen. This found extensive appli-
cation in the study of respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia
and tuberculosis. It also led to the quantitative study of cyano-
sis and a monograph on the subject by C. Lundsgaard and
Van Slyke.
In all, Van Slyke and his colleagues published twenty-one
papers under the general title "Studies of Acidosis," beginning
in 1917 and ending in 1934. They included not only chemical
manifestations of acidosis, but Van Slyke, in No. 17 of the
series (1921), elaborated and expanded the subject to describe
in chemical terms the normal and abnormal variations in the
acid-base balance of the blood. This was a landmark in under-
standing acid-base balance pathology and has not been mate-
rially improved for fifty years.
Van Slyke and his colleagues, both clinical and chemical,
did not confine their interests solely to diabetes and acid-base
abnormalities. Van kept work going on proteins and their prod-
ucts of hydrolysis and on better methods for blood chlorides,
urea, and ketone bodies in blood and urine. Within seven years
after Van moved to the Hospital, he had published a total of
fifty-three papers, thirty-three of them coauthored with clinical
colleagues. Quantitative clinical chemistry was well on its way
at the Hospital, and Van Slyke's contribution to it was well
established.
In 1920, Van Slyke and his colleagues undertook a compre-
hensive investigation of gas and electrolyte equilibria in blood.
This was not only a logical outgrowth of the ongoing study of
the acid-base balance of the blood, but was also encouraged by
Franklin C. McLean at the behest of Prof. L. J. Henderson.
McLean and Henderson at Harvard had made preliminary
studies of blood as a physico-chemical system, but realized that
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Van Slyke and his colleagues at the Rockefeller Hospital had
superior techniques and the facilities necessary for such an
undertaking. A collaboration thereupon began between the
two laboratories, which resulted in rapid progress toward an
exact physico-chemical description of the role of hemoglobin in
the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, of the distribution
of diffusible ions and water between erythrocytes and plasma,
and of factors such as degree of oxygenation of hemoglobin and
hydrogen ion concentration that modified these distributions.
Publications from the two laboratories were independent and
complementary. It was a happy intellectual collaboration.
A key development in the progress made was Nlan Slyke's
revision of his volumetric gas analysis apparatus into a mano-
metric apparatus. Briefly, this amounted to liberating and iso-
lating the desired gas contained in a known volume of solution,
and recording in millimeters of mercury the pressure of that
gas at a known fixed volume. The manometric apparatus proved
to give results that were from five to ten times more accurate
than the volumetric apparatus, and, in addition, made possible
the determination of very small concentrations of gas in solu-
tion. A series of papers on the CO2 titration curves of oxy- and
deoxyhemoglobin, of oxygenated and reduced whole blood, and
of blood subjected to different degrees of oxygenation and on
the distribution of diffusible ions in blood resulted.
One of these papers was especially notable. In it were
developed equations that predicted the change in distribution
of water and diffusible ions between blood plasma and blood
cells when there was a change in pH of the oxygenated blood.
(This work was done in 1923 at the Peking Union Medical Col-
lege with F. C. McLean and Hsien Wu.) In a later paper, this
was extended to reduced blood as well. A significant contribu-
tion of Van Slyke and his colleagues was the application of the
Gibbs-Donnan Law to the blood—regarded as a two-phase sys-
tem, in which one phase (the erythrocytes) contained a high
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
317
concentration of nondiffusible negative ions, i.e., those associ-
ated with hemoglobin, and cations, which were not freely ex-
changeable between cells and plasma. By changing the pH
through varying the CO2 tension, the concentration of negative
hemoglobin charges changed in a predictable amount. This, in
turn, changed the distribution of diffusible anions such as C1-
and HCO3- in order to restore the Gibbs—Donnan equilibrium.
Redistribution of water occurred to restore osmotic equilib-
rium. The experimental results confirmed the predictions of
the equations. A total of fifteen papers, under the general title
"Studies of Gas and Electrolyte Equilibria in Blood," were
published between 1922 and 1928. Van regarded this work as
among the best of his scientific output.
As a spin-off from the physico-chemical study of the blood,
Van undertook, in 1922, to put the concept of buffer value of
weak electrolytes on a mathematically exact basis. By differen-
tiating the mass law equation for weak acids with respect to pH,
he arrived at the generalization
~ `1 H 2 3 SKY ~ H+1~2 + tH+] + [OH-~,
where ,8 buffer value. This proved to be useful in determin-
ing buffer values of mixed, polyvalent, and amphoteric electro-
lytes, and put the understanding of buffering on a quantitative
basis. It was applied in Van's laboratory to the determination
of dissociation constants of polyvalent weak acids such as citric
acid, whose three acid groups have overlapping dissociation
constants.
While this work on blood was going on, Van was preparing
to make a detailed and comprehensive study of nephritis and its
varied manifestations. In this he had a number of clinical asso-
ciates, including Dr. Alma Hiller, who was in charge of his
clinical chemical laboratory (1918-1948~. (After Cullen left in
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318
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1921, the basic chemical work of Van's laboratory was succes-
sively supervised by A. B. Hastings, 1921-1926
J. Sendroy, Jr.,
1926-1937; D. A. MacFadyen, 1937-1940; and R. M. Archibald,
1940-1946.)
Van always had a number of problems under investigation
at the same time at the Institute, but he never hurried to pub-
lish the results. It was customary for him to put each paper
through several drafts and revisions.
Van had a great capacity to concentrate intensely and effec-
tively on the problem at hand, and at the same time keep track
of several research problems going on in the laboratory. This
is why the publications in any one year often covered a wide
range of subjects. For example, during 1928 Van and eight of
his associates published twelve papers: one on a gasometric
method for sugar determination in blood and urine, another
on a new method for hemoglobin determination, three on
factors affecting urea excretion in health and disease, and seven
additional entries in the series "Studies of Gas and Electrolyte
Equilibria in Blood." One of these, "The Solubility of Carbon
Dioxide at 38 ° in Water, Salt Solution, Serum, and Blood
Cells," was notable in that the first measurements on the subject
were made in 1922, six years prior to publication. Each year the
results would be written up for publication and each year Van
would say: "We'll take another look at this in the fall, to make
sure we can't improve on the accuracy." This was repeated
annually until it met Van's standards. It was typical of his
publications that one could count on their data and results
. . .
without question.
The period of preoccupation with the study of blood as a
physico-chemical system was followed by intensive study of
nephritis, undertaken with a number of clinical colleagues.
They followed and minutely documented the life history of the
disease through its various stages in patients. This resulted in
1930 in a detailed publication by Van Slyke and nine colleagues
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
351
With A. S. Alving. The significance of concentration and dilution
tests in Bright's disease. l. Clin. Invest., 13:969.
With C. P. Rhoads, A. Hiller, and A. S. Alving. The relationship
of the urea clearance to the renal blood flow. Am. l. Physiol.,
110:387.
With C. P. Rhoads, A. Hiller, and A. S. Alving. The effects of
novocainization and total section of the nerves of the renal
pedicle on renal blood and function. Am. l. Physiol., 110:392.
1935
With I. H. Page, E. Kirk, and L. E. Farr. Nature of nitrogenous
constituents in petroleum ether extract of plasma. Proc. Soc.
Exp. Biol. Med., 32:837.
With I. H. Page, A. Hiller, and E. Kirk. Studies of urea excretion.
IX. Comparison of urea clearances calculated from the excre-
tion of urea, of urea plus ammonia, and of nitrogen determin-
able by hypobromite. J. Clin. Invest., 14:901.
With A. Hiller and B. F. Miller. The clearance, extraction per-
centage and estimated filtration of sodium ferrocyanide in the
mammalian kidney. Comparison with inulin, creatinine and
urea. Am. I. Physiol., 113:611.
With A. EIiller and B. F. Miller. The distribution of ferrocyanide,
inulin, creatinine and urea in the blood and its effect on the
significance of their extraction percentages. Am. l. Physiol., 113:
629.
With I. H. Page, E. Kirk, W. H. Lewis, fir., and W. R. Thompson.
Plasma lipids of normal men at different ages. l. Biol. Chem.,
111:613.
1936
The urea clearance as a measure of renal function. American Jour-
nal of Medical Technology, 2:42.
With R. T. Dillon. Gasometric determination of carboxyl groups
in amino acids. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 34:362.
With B. F. Miller. A direct microtitration method for blood sugar.
J. Biol. Chem., 114: 583.
1937
With A. S. Alving. La cure dietetica del Morbo di Bright. Attualita
di terapia medica, 15: 101.
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352
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1938
With R. T. Dillon. Gasometric determination of carboxyl groups
in amino acids. Comptes Rendus du Laboratoire, Carlsberg,
22:480.
With A. Hiller, R. T. Dillon, and D. MacFadyen. The unidentified
base in gelatin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 38:548.
The manometric determination of amino acids. Biochemical iour-
nal, 32:1614.
With L. E. Farr. Relation between plasma protein level and edema
in nephrotic children. Am. l. Dis. Child., 57:306.
1939
With E. F. McCarthy. Diurnal variations of hemoglobin in the
blood of normal men. l. Biol. Chem., 128: 567.
The development of controlled oxygen therapy. (Willard Gibbs
Medal) The Chemical Bulletin, 26: 176.
With i. Folch. Preparation of blood lipid extracts free from non-
lipid extractives. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 41:514.
With i. Folch. Nitrogenous contaminants in petroleum ether ex-
tracts of plasma lipids. i. Biol. Chem., 129:539.
Determination of solubilities of gases in liquids with use of the
Van Slyke-Neill manometric apparatus for both saturation and
analysis. l. Biol. Chem., 130: 545.
1940
Renal mechanisms controlling composition of the body fluids.
(Willard Gibbs Lecture) Chemical Reviews, 26: 105.
With A. Hiller, D. A. MacFadyen, A. B. Hastings, and F. W
Klemperer. On hydroxylysine. l. Biol. Chem., 133:xxxiii.
With [. Folch. Manometric carbon determination. l. Biol. Chem.,
136:509.
1941
.
Renal function test. New York Journal of Medicine, 41:825.
Renal function tests. Mod. Med., 9:28.
Fisiologia de los aminoacidos. Medicas, 2:78.
With R. T. Dillon, D. A. MacFadyen, and P. Hamilton. Gasometric
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
353
determination of carboxyl groups in free amino acids. J. Biol.
Chem., 141:627.
With D. A. MacFadyen and P. Hamilton. Determination of free
amino acids by titration of the carbon dioxide formed in the
reaction with ninhydrin. J. Biol. Chem., 141:671.
With A. Hiller and D. A. MacFadyen. The determination of hy-
droxylysine in proteins. l. Biol. Chem., 141: 681.
1942
With K. Emerson, in The nephrotic crisis. Journal of the Mount
Sinai Hospital, New York, 8:495.
With F. l. Kreysa. Microdetermination of calcium by precipitation
as picrolonate and estimation of the precipitated carbon by
manometric combustion. l. Biol. Chem., 142:765.
Physiology of the amino acids. Centennial Address, Univ. of Chi-
cago) Science, 95: 259; also in Nature, 149: 342.
The kinetics of hydrolytic enzymes and their bearing on method for
measuring enzyme activity. Advances in Enzymology, 2:33.
With F. W. Klemperer and A. B. Hastings. The dissociation con-
stants of hydroxylysine. l. Biol. Chem., 143:433.
With R. A. Phillips, P. H. Futcher, P. B. Hamilton, R. M. Archi-
bald, and A. Hiller. The source of the ammonia produced in
the kidney in acidosis. Fed. Proc., 1:67. (A)
With D. A. MacFadyen and P. B. Hamilton. Application of the gaso-
metric ninhydrin-CO2 method to determination of amino acids
in blood. Fed. Proc., 1:139. (A)
With R. M. Archibald. Purification, kinetics and activity measure-
ment of liver arginase. Fed. Proc., 1:139. (A)
With A. Hiller and R. T. Dillon. Solubilities and compositions of
the phospho-12-tungstates of the diamino acids and of praline,
glycine and tryptophane. J. Biol. Chem., 146:137.
1943
With D. A. MacFadyen. Note on the use of the o-phenanthroline
ferrous complex as an indicator in the ceric sulfate titration of
blood sugar. J. Biol. Chem., 149:527.
With R. A. Phillips, V. P. Dole, K. Emerson, fir., P. B. Hamilton,
and R. M. Archibald, with technical assistance of E. G. Stanley
and l. Plazin. The copper sulfate method for measuring specific
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354
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
gravities of whole blood and plasma. Biomed. Newsl., 1:1; also
in Bulletin of the U.S. Army Medical Department, 71:66.
With P. B. Hamilton. The gasometric determination of free amino
acids in blood filtrates by the ninhydrin-carbon dioxide method.
J. Biol. Chem., 150:231.
With I). A. MacFadyen and P. B. Hamilton. The gasometric deter-
mination of amino acids in urine by the ninhydrin-carbon diox-
ide method. l. Biol. Chem., 150:231.
With P. B. Hamilton. The synthesis and properties of ninhydrin
ureide. l. Biol. Chem., 150:471.
With R. A. Phillips, P. B. Hamilton, R. M. Archibald, P. H.
Putcher, and A. Hiller. Glutamine as source material of urinary
ammonia. l. Biol. Chem., 150: 481.
1944
With R. M. Archibald. Manometric, titrimetric and calorimetric
methods for measurement of urease activity. I. Biol. Chem., 154:
623.
With W. K. Rieben. Microdetermination of potassium by precipita-
tion and titration of the phospho-12-tungstate. i. Biol. Chem.,
156:743.
With R. A. Phillips, R. M. Archibald, V. P. Dole, and K. Emerson,
[r. Effect of shock on the kidney. Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians,
58:119.
1945
Renal function of dogs given oxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin
solutions. Biomed. Newsl., 5:9.
1946
With R. A. Phillips, V. P. Dole, P. B. Hamilton, K. Emerson, [r.,
and R. M. Archibald. Effects of acute hemorrhagic and trau-
matic shock on renal function of dogs. Am. i. Physiol., 145:314.
With V. P. Dole, K. Emerson, Jr., R. A. Phillips, and P. B. Hamil-
ton. The renal extraction of oxygen in experimental shock. Am.
J. Physiol., 145:337.
With R. A. Phillips, A. Yeomans, V. P. Dole, and L. E. Farr. Esti-
mation of blood volume from change in blood specific gravity
following a plasma infusion. J. Clin. Invest., 25:261.
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
355
With P. B. Hamilton. The effects of the volatile aldehydes formed
on the accuracy of the manometric ninhydrin-carbon dioxide
method in analysis of certain a-amino acids. I. Biol. Chem.,
164:249.
Laboratory Methods of the U.S. Army. Chemical Methods in Medi-
cal War Manual TM8-227. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print.
0~.
Quantitative analysis in biochemistry. Chapter 8 in: Currents in
Biochemical Research, ed. by D. E. Green. New York: Inter-
science Publishers, Inc.
With R. A. Phillips, A. Yeomans, V. P. Dole, and L. E. Farr. Spe-
cific gravity estimation of blood volume. Mod. Med., 14:90.
With R. M. Archibald. Gasometric and photometric measurement
of arginase activity. I. Biol. Chem., 165: 293.
With A. Hiller, I. R. Weiliger, and W. O. Cruz. Determination of
carbon monoxide in blood and of total and active hemoglobin
by carbon monoxide capacity. Inactive hemoglobin and methe-
moglobin contents of normal human blood. I. Biol. Chem., 166:
121.
1947
With A. Hiller. Application of Sendroy's iodometric chloride titra-
tion to protein-containing fluids. J. Biol. Chem., 167:107.
With G. C. Cotzias and G. I. Lavin. Observations on normal and
pathologic kidney tissue with ultraviolet photomicrography.
Acta Medica Scandinavia, 196: 259.
With F. P. Chinard. Comparison of a modified Folin photometric
procedure and the ninhydrin manometric method for the deter-
mination of amino acid nitrogen in plasma. I. Biol. Chem.,
169:571.
Studies of normal and pathological physiology of the kidney. (30th
Mellon Lecture) Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine.
The effect of urine volume on urea excretion. l. Clin. Invest., 26:
1159.
With P. B. Hamilton, L. E. Farr, and A. Hiller. Preparation of
hemoglobin solutions for intravenous infusion. l. Exp. Med.,
86:455.
With L. E. Farr and A. Hiller. Preparation of dried hemoglobin
without loss of activity. I. Exp. Med., 86:465.
OCR for page 356
356
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With P. B. Hamilton and A. Hiller. Renal effects of hemoglobin
infusions in dogs in hemorrhagic shock. I. Exp. Med., 86:477.
Nomogram for correction of low urine chloride values determined
by the silver iodate reaction. J. Biol. Chem., 171:467.
1948
The effects of shock on the kidney. Ann. Intern. Med., 28:701.
Effects of hemorrhage on the kidney. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 49:593.
With H. Eder, F. P. Chinard, R. L. Greif, G. C. Cotzias, A. Hiller,
and H. D. Lauson. A study of the changes in plasma volume,
renal function and water and salt balance induced by repeated
administration of human plasma albumin to patients with the
nephrotic syndrome. l. Clin. Invest., 27:532.
With A. Hiller and J. Plazin. A study of conditions for Kjeldahl
determination of nitrogen in proteins. Description of methods
with mercury as catalyst, and titrimetric and gasometric mea-
surements of the ammonia formed. i. Biol. Chem., 176:1401.
With A. Hiller and l. Plazin. Substitutes for saponin in the deter-
mination of oxygen and carbon monoxide of blood. l. Biol.
Chem., 176: 1431.
1949
With l. R. Weisiger and K. K. Van Slyke. Photometric measurement
of plasma pH. l. Biol. Chem., 179:743.
With l. R. Weisiger and K. K. Van Slyke. Photometric measurement
of urine pH. l. Biol. Chem., 179:757.
With H. A. Eder, F. P. Chinard, H. D. Lauson, R. L. Greif, A.
Hiller, and G. C. Cotzias. Studies on the pathogenesis of neph-
rotic edema J. Clin. Invest., 28: 779.
With V. P. Dole. The significance of the urea clearance. [ournal of
Clinical Pathology, 2:273.
1950
With R. A. Phillips, P. B. Hamilton, V. P. Dole, K. Emerson, ir.,
and R. M. Archibald. Measurement of specific gravities of whole
blood and plasma by standard copper sulfate solutions. J. Biol.
Chem., 183:305.
With A. Hiller. R. A. Phillips, P. B. Hamilton, V. P. Dole, R. M.
OCR for page 357
DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
357
Archibald, and H. A. Eder. The estimation of plasma protein
concentration from plasma specific gravity. l. Biol. Chem., 183:
331.
With R. A. Phillips, N1. P. Dole, P. B. Hamilton, R. M. Archibald,
and i. Plazin. Calculation of hemoglobin from blood specific
gravities. l. Biol. Chem., 183: 349.
1951
With J. Plazin and J. R. Weisiger. Reagents for the Van Slyke-
Folch wet carbon combustion. J. Biol. Chem., 191:299.
With R. Steele and J. Plazin. Determination of total carbon and its
radioactivity. J. Biol. Chem., 192:769.
Studies of normal and pathological physiology of the kidney. Lec-
tures on the Scientific Basis of Medicine, 1:143.
1952
With F. M. Sinex. Determination of polyglucose in blood and urine.
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 79:163.
With R. Steele and I. Plazin. Fate of intravenously administered
polyvinylpyrrolidone. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 55:479.
1953
With l. Sacks. Preparation of serum lipid extracts free of inorganic
phosphate. l. Biol. Chem., 200:525.
1954
With F. M. Sinex. Source of the hydroxylysine of collagen. Fed.
Proc., 13:297.
With H. A. Eder, H. D. Lauson, F. P. Chinard, R. L. Greif, and
G. C. Cotzias. A study of the mechanisms of edema formation in
patients with the nephrotic syndrome. i. Clin. Invest., 33:636.
L'insu~cienza renale tubulare nello shock e Della nefrite. Minerva
Medica, Anno 45-Vol. I-N 42.
Renal tubular failure of shock and nephritis. (Tohn Phillips Lec-
ture) Annals of Internal Medicine, 41:709.
Wet carbon combustion and some of its applications. (Fisher Award
Lecture) Analytical Chemistry, 26: 1706.
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358
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1955
With F. M. Sinex, i. Plazin, D. Clareus, W. Bernstein, and R. Chase.
Determination of total carbon and its radioactivity. II. Reduc-
tion of required voltage and other modifications. I. Biol. Chem.,
213:673.
With F. M. Sinex. The source and state of the Hydroxylysine of
collagen. I. Biol. Chem., 216:245.
Hydroxylysine. Society of Biological Chemists, India, Souvenir, p.
138.
1957
Hydroxylysine. In: Festschrift Arthur Stoll, pp. 211-19. Basel: Birk-
hauser.
With F. M. Sinex. The role of Hydroxylysine in the synthesis of
collagen. Fed. Proc., 16:~50.
The role of oxygen and carbon dioxide in cardiovascular physiology
and pathology. Bulletin of the St. Francis Hospital, 14:1.
Oxygen physiology, normal and abnormal. (5th Edsel B. Ford Lec-
ture) Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin, 5:25.
1958
Alkaline incineration methods for determination of protein-bound
iodine in serum. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical- and Labora-
tory Investigation, 10(Suppl. 31~: 317.
With F. M. Sinex. The course of hydroxylation of lysine to form
Hydroxylysine in collagen. J. Biol. Chem., 232:797.
Renal tubular function and failure. Proceedings of the Rudolf Vir-
chow Medical Society, 17:59.
With W. W. Shreeve, L. I. Gidez, H. A. Eder, and A. R. Hennes.
Carbon-14 in the study of metabolic processes in man. Second
International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,
vol. 25, pt. 2, p. 34. London: Pergamon Press, Ltd.
1959
With F. M. Sinex and D. R. Christman. The source and state of
the Hydroxylysine of collagen. II. Failure of free Hydroxylysine
to serve as a source of Hydroxylysine or lysine of collagen. J. Biol.
Chem., 234:918.
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DONALD DEXTER VAN SLYKE
359
General principles of oxygen transport and transfer. In: Oxygen
Supply to the Human Fetus. A Symposium, ed. by J. Walker
and A. C. Turnbull. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
1960
With i. Plazin. Development of precise methods with a micro form
of Van Slyke-Neill manometric apparatus. In: Proceedings of
the 4th International Congress on Clinical Chemistry, Edin-
burgh, Scotland. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co.
With O. P. Foss and L. V. Hankes. A study of the alkaline ashing
method for determination of protein-bound iodine in serum.
Clin. Chim. Acta, b:301.
With I. Plazin. Determination of carbon and its radioactivity. III.
Transfer of small samples of CO2 to counting tubes. l. Biol.
Ghem., 235:2749.
1961
With i. Plazin. Micromanometric Analyses. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins Co.
1962
Gasometric methods of analysis. In: International Symposium on
Microchemical Techniques, ed. by Nicholas D. Cheronis. Univer-
sity Park, Pa. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
With i. Plazin. Determination of carbon and its radioactivity. IV.
Transfer of CO2 to counting tubes without use of liquid nitro-
gen. l. Biol. Chem., 247: 3296.
With E. A. Popenoe. The formation of collagen hydroxylysine. I.
Biol. Chem., 237:3491.
1963
With R. B. Aronson and E. A. Popenoe. The formation of collagen
hydroxylysine studied with tritiated lysine. Fed. Proc., 22:229.
1964
With P. E. Carson. A simplified technique for determination of
small amounts of calcium as oxalate. Clin. Chem., 10:352.
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360
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
The gases of the blood. (Brookhaven Lecture Series, no. 41) Upton,
N.Y.: Brookhaven National Laboratory.
1965
With E. A. Popenoe and R. B. Aronson. The formation of collagen
hydroxylysine studied with tritiated lysine. l. Biol. Chem., 240:
3089.
With [. Plazin. The preparation of extracts of plasma lipids free
from water-soluble contaminants. Clin. Chim. Acta., 12:46.
1966
With E. A. Popenoe and R. B. Aronson. Hydroxylysine formation
from lysine during collagen biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 55:393.
Reminiscences of life and work with Hastings. Fed. Proc., 25:820.
With L. V. Hankes and J. l. Vitols. Photometric determination of
pH with a single standard and calculation by nomogram: appli-
cation to human plasma pH. Clin. Chem., 12:849.
Some points of acid-base history in physiology and medicine. Ann.
N.Y. Acad. Sci., 133:~.
1967
With R. B. Aronson, F. M. Sinex, and C. Franzblau. The oxidation
of protein-bound hydroxylysine by periodate. l. Biol. Chem.,
242:809.
1969
With E. A. Popenoe and R. B. Aronson. The sulfhydryl nature of
collagen praline hydroxylase. Archives of Biochemistry and Bio-
physics, 133:286.
With A. F. LoMonte. Manometric determination of nitrate and
nitrite. Microchemical Journal, 14:608.
1971
With R. B. Aronson. Manometric determination of CO2 combined
with scintillation counting of C-14. Analytical Biochemistry,
41:173.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
dexter van
