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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
O cto b er 1,1 899-A pri! 2S, 1974
BY CLINTON BALLOU AND
HORACE A. BARKER
ZEV (ZE'EV) HASSID was born in Jaffa, Palestine, probably on
October 1, 1899, although he seemed uncertain about the
date of his birth and sometimes gave the year as 1897 or 1901.
The name William was added after he came to the United
States. His parents, Mordecai and Esperanza Hassid (Chassid),
were born in Poland, but were Russian citizens at the time of
his birth. His father was a lumber merchant who brought Jum-
ber from Russia to Palestine. When Zev was four years old, the
family moved to a farm in the vicinity of Kremenetz in the
Russian Ukraine, and his childhood was spent in this rural en-
vironment. He often wandered in the adjacent woods and fields,
hunted for birds' nests, and associated with shepherds, so much
so that his father scolded him and said that if he did not spend
more time on his studies he would qualify for nothing more
than a herdsman.
Russian and Yiddish were Zev's native languages. Little is
known about his early education except that he was required
to study traditional Jewish religious material. He did not ac-
cept this instruction readily and in later life rebelled by dis-
sociating himself from most formal religious activities. Never-
theless, his early training was evidenced by a familiarity with
and an occasional quotation from scriptures.
In 1912, Hassid was sent back to Palestine with a group of
197
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Jewish children to continue his education in a Hebrew lan-
guage school. His parents hoped that he would be admitted to
the "Gymnasia Hertzlia" in Tel Aviv, but instead he was sent
to the recently founded Agricultural High School in the Jewish
settlement of Petah-Tikva. The curriculum included Hebrew,
French, and Arabic languages, Hebrew religious studies, his-
tory, geography, and considerable science, plus professional
studies in soil, plant nutrition, subtropical horticulture, animal
husbandry, laboratory practice in analytical methods, and field
experience in agricultural techniques. He graduated in 1916.
With the outbreak of WorIct War I, Hassid was cut off from
communication with his parents, who tract remained in Russia.
Consequently, his only income was what he could earn himself.
While still in school and after graduation, he worked as a laborer
in the orange groves and other farms near Petah-Tikva, Nikva-
Israel, and Ben Shemen. His income was small, his food and
clothing correspondingly poor. For a considerable period he
lived on bread, watery soup, pumpkin porridge, and oranges; he
was often hungry. His clothing was worn and ragged. Once his
shoes were stolen, and he had to go barefoot for a considerable
time. During this period Hassid was frequently ill. He sufferer!
repeated attacks of malaria and dysentery; he also contracted
typhoid fever, which he barely survived.
Palestine was controlled by the Turks until the British
army invaded the country in 1917. Following the Balfour DecIa-
ration that same year, many young Jews joined the British
army to help liberate the country from the Turks and create
conditions favorable for the establishment of a Jewish home-
land. Hassid volunteered for army service early in 1918, partly
for patriotic reasons and partly to improve his standard of liv-
ing. Initially, he was rejected by the army because of his poor
health, but finally, through the intervention of James de Roths-
child, an officer in the British army, he was accepted into the
38th brigade of the Royal Fusiliers (1st Judeans), later referred
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
199
to as the Jewish Legion. At this time he became a British citi-
zen and served for two years in the army, mainly as a clerk at
supply depots and at General Headquarters, 3rd Echelon. He
never engaged in combat; however, on at least one occasion he
was close enough to the front to be within artillery range, and a
large shell landed close to him but failed to explode. He also
guarded prisoners and supplies in transit. The latter duty re-
quired him to travel as far as Beyreuth in Lebanon and Alex-
andria in Egypt. At the railway station in Beyreuth he once
witnessed the ceremonial arrival of Lawrence of Arabia. In
Alexandria he first heard of the University of California from
a fellow soldier, Assaf Gur (Grazovsky), who had studied there.
When Hassid completed his military service with the rank
of corporal in August 1920, he was awarded the British War
Medal and the Victory Medal, bearing the inscription, "The
great war for civilization." His superior officer provided him
with the following recommendation: "Corporal Hassid has been
employed as a clerk in the Battalion Orderly Room and at Rec-
ords, 3rd Echelon. He is a conscientious, painstaking worker,
reliable and capable, and as a soldier has borne an exemplary
character."
After leaving the army, Hassict decided to use the accumu-
lated savings from his pay to go to California to study agronomy
at the University, with the intention of returning ultimately to
Palestine to assist in the development of scientific agriculture.
He traveled by way of Paris, New York, and Chicago, staying
briefly in each city, and finally arrived in Berkeley in late 1920.
His funds were almost exhausted, so he supported himself by
doing odd jobs in stores and restaurants in Berkeley in the
winter and by working as a farm hand in the vicinity of Fresno
in the San Joaquin Valley in the spring and summer. He also
taught Hebrew in the local synagogue.
Hassid first registered at the University of California in Au-
gust 1921. However, his knowledge of English was so limited
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
that he could! not follow lectures well enough to take notes, and
even reading textbooks required more time than he could spare
between jobs. So after a week of frustration and mounting ten-
sion, he took a leave of absence from the University and moved
to Fresno where he spent two years as a student in Fresno State
College, majoring in Letters and Science with an emphasis on
Chemistry, French language, and Mathematics. The following
year he enrolled at the Southern Branch of the University of
California at Los Angeles. His course grades were about aver-
age; he even failed one course in quantitative analysis and had
to repeat it later. His undistinguished record during this period
probably resulted from his inadequate command of English and
the fact that he had to earn a living while attending school.
In August 1924, Hassid returned to the Berkeley campus of
the University. He majored first in chemistry but later changed
to general literature, the field in which he obtained a Bachelor
of Arts degree in December 1925. Following graduation, he im-
mediately started graduate studies in the School of Education,
and in December 1926 he received a Certificate of Completion
with majors in chemistry and general literature and minors in
mathematics and physics. In the same month Hassid obtained a
General Secondary School Credential from the State Board of
Education, but he never taught in public schools. Instead, he
worked for some months as a chemical analyst in a commercial
company.
By September 1927, and possibly earlier, Hassid took a
position as research assistant under Professor D. R. Hoagland
in the Division of Plant Nutrition of the Agricultural Experi-
ment Station. His main duties were the routine analysis of plant
materials and soils for a variety of inorganic constituents, but he
also obtained experience in growing plants in culture solution
and studying the absorption of various nutrients. This work
renewed Hassid's interest in plant research, and in August 1928
he again enrolled in the University, this time as a graduate stu-
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
201
dent in Plant Nutrition. During the following two years, while
still working half time or more, he took courses in botany, plant
physiology, and plant nutrition and prepared a Master of Science
thesis dealing with the structure of the four isomers of penta-O-
acetyl-D-galactose. Professor Hoagland formally supervised his
thesis research, but the nature of the problem clearly indicates
that it was inspired and guided mainly by Professor Walter H.
Dore, who was interested in the structure of carbohydrates and
had applied X-ray diffraction methods to their elucidation.
After receiving the master's degree in August 1930, Hassid
started to prepare for a doctorate in Plant Physiology. While
visiting the beaches south of San Francisco, he observed the
abundant fleshy marine algae, which appeared to consist largely
of polysaccharides, and he decided to investigate the structure
of the major component. This was the subject of his Ph.D.
thesis, which was completed and accepted in December 1934,
with Professor Dore as the chairman of the committee. Hassid
had worked almost independently, however, using the methods
developed by Haworth for carbohydrate structure determina-
tion, which were unfamiliar to Dore. Professor T. D. Stewart
of the chemistry department, a member of the thesis committee,
was particularly impressed by the clear results and logical pre-
sentation of Hassid's thesis, and his enthusiastic reaction helped
Hassid to obtain an appointment the following year as a Junior
Chemist in the Division of Plant Nutrition of the Agricultural
Experiment Station.
The circumstances of Hassid's appointment as a Junior
Chemist are amusing and illustrative of the method of making
appointments in 1935. Professor Hoagland lectured and taught
laboratory courses in plant biochemistry during the Fall term.
Hassid had served for several years as a teaching assistant in the
laboratory course, and Hoagland, who directed an active re-
search program and served as Chairman of the Division, had
come to depend on him for the preparation of reagents, setting
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
up of equipment, and much of the instruction. But after re-
ceiving his Ph.D. in 1934, Hassid began to look for a better
position than was provided by his assistantship. In the early
summer of 1935, he received an offer of a position ant! told Pro-
fessor Hoagland that he was planning to leave before the be-
ginning of the Fall term. Hoagland was upset at this news
because he was preparing to attend a botanical congress in
Amsterdam and would not return to Berkeley until the begin-
ning of the term and then would have no experienced assistant
for the laboratory course. He finally asked Hassid whether he
would stay on if he received an Experiment Station appoint-
ment. Hassid agreed. Hoagland consulted with Dean Hutchison,
who found that the available funds were insufficient to provide
the usual starting salary of $2,000 per year, but he could offer
$1,800. Hassid accepted this although it was considerably be-
low what he was offered outside the University. He never re-
gretted his decision. In 1939 he received the additional title of
Instructor, and so was launched upon his academic career.
Hassid's independent scientific research began with an in-
vestigation of the ethanol-extractable carbohydrates in the ma-
rine alga Iridea laminarioides, and this work led step-by-step to
an interest in the biochemistry of carbohydrates that he sus-
tained in one form or another for almost thirty-five years. In
the initial study, he identified dulcitol (galactitol) as a major
component of this plant extract and observed that reducing
sugars were notably absent from acid hydrolysates. He then
purified and characterized an abundant polysaccharide from the
same organism and showed it to be a sulfated polygalactan. From
methylation studies, he was able to conclude that the galac-
tosyl units were probably joined by 1~4 glycosidic linkages ant}
that the sulfate was probably esterified with the hydroxyl group
on carbon 6. These results led him to speculate that the metab^
olism in this alga might involve a relationship between galac-
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
203
titoT and galactan analogous to that between glucose and starch
in higher plants, but he never followed up this idea.
Hassid's study of the structure of the algal galactan was the
first of a long series of investigations of polysaccharides. Many
of the preparations were provided by colleagues with whom he
was always happy to collaborate. C. B. Lipman called his atten-
tion to a very viscous substance produced from mannitol by an
unidentified bacterium that had been isolated "from a mud
brick taken from a wall in an old Roman village which was
built about 400 AD in the western desert of Egypt." In a paper
with W. L. Chandler (1937), Hassid characterized the viscous
material as a polysaccharide containing about ten anhydroglu-
cose units. In the following years he published papers dealing
with the molecular structure of canna starch (with W. H. Dore),
dog liver glycogen (with I. L. Chaikoff), the dextran formed from
sucrose by Betacoccus arabinosaceus (with H. A. Barker), an
insoluble polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(with M. A. Joslyn and R. M. McCready), and glycogen and
starch derived from sweet corn (Zea mays) (with R. M. Mc-
Cready).
The existence of the enzyme phosphorylase that converts
glycogen and inorganic phosphate to a-D-glucose 1-phosphate had
been demonstrated by C. F. Cori and G. Cori in 1936, and the
reversal of this reaction was reported in 1939 by W. Kiessling.
Hassid and R. M. McCready (1941) undertook the structural
analysis of the biosynthetic product and showed that it had
starchlike properties but that the molecules were unbranched
in contrast to the highly branched natural polymer. In a short
review for Chronica Botanica published in 1942, Hassid related
the prevalent view that "the enzyme phosphorylase, and not
amylase as had been previously assumed, is chiefly responsible
for the synthesis and breakdown of starch in the plant." Mc-
Cready and Hassid developed a convenient method for prepar-
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
ing pure a-D-glucose 1-phosphate on a relatively large scale, thus
making this important compound readily available for bio-
chemical studies. They also developed a procedure for deter-
mining the relative amounts of amylose and amylopectin in
starch based upon the large difference in the absorption coe~-
cients of iodine complexes of the two components. The absorp-
tion coefficients of different starch samples were found to
correlate well with the degree of hydrolysis of the components
by,8-amylase. Their results supported the conclusion of K. H.
Meyer that amylose consists of long unbranched chains of
glycosyl units.
This experience with carbohydrates prepared Hassid for an
important collaborative effort with S. Ruben and M. D. Kamen
(1939) representing the first application of radioactive carbon
to the study of photosynthesis. The short-lived C-isotope (20.5
minutes half-life) had become available through Kamen's asso-
ciation with the Radiation Laboratory at the University in
Berkeley, and a study was carried out to determine the distribu-
tion of the label from C-carbon dioxide when fed to barley
leaves in the light or after they had been kept in the dark for
various periods of time. Although some of the label was incorpo-
rated into carbohydrate, the results indicated that most of it
was present in the plant in a water-soluble noncarbohydrate
form. In an extension of this work, the green alga Chlorella
pyrenoidosa was utilized in place of barley leaves, allowing a
much more efficient incorporation of the radiocarbon label.
Studies of the kinetics of incorporation in the light and dark,
and on the reversibility of the reaction, were carried out with
Ruben and Kamen (1940~. Although it was concluded that "the
greater fraction if not all the COOS has been reduced to
POOH," no specific identification of the initial product of
photosynthesis was made other than that there were "at least
one alcoholic hydroxyl and one carboxyl group in the active
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
205
molecules." The product was later identified as phosphoglyceric
acid by M. Calvin and his associates.
Other than a brief collaboration with S. Aronoff, A. Benson,
and M. Calvin (1947) on the distribution of label from SCOW
in photosynthesizing plant tissue, Hassid's research on photo-
synthesis was not continued and his involvement appears to
have been based more on an interest in carbohydrate structural
analysis than in the fundamentals of carbon fixation in plants.
However, it is apparent from the later turn of events that this
introduction to the utility of radioactive tracer techniques for
elucidation of biochemical processes had a strong influence on
his development.
Hassid's initial appointment as a Junior Chemist in the
Agricultural Experiment Station was followed by promotion
to the academic staff as an Instructor in Plant Nutrition (1939)
and as Assistant Professor in 1941. About this time, he devel-
oped an association with fellow colleagues H. A. Barker and
M. Doudoroff that grew into a close scientific collaboration and
a lifelong friendship. His first joint study with Barker concerned
the structure of an extracellular (1~6) dextran produced by the
bacterium Leuconostoc mesenterioides when grown on sucrose.
Less than three years later, he was involved with Doudoroff and
N. Kaplan in the beginning of an important study on the bio-
synthesis of sucrose. Doudoroff had been interested in the bac-
terium Pseudomonas saccharophila because it oxidized sucrose
faster than the component monosaccharides glucose and
fructose. This was demonstrated to result from the presence of
an enzyme that converts sucrose to a-D-glucose 1-phosphate and
D-fructose. Doudoroff, Kaplan, and Hassid found that this reac-
tion can be reversed, leading to the formation of sucrose as de-
tected by the production of a nonreducing substance that
yielded reducing sugar on acid hydrolysis. That it was indeed
sucrose was proved by Hassid, Doudoroff, and Barker (1944)
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
when they prepared 2.5 grams of the crystalline disaccharide by
the action of sucrose phosphorylase on a mixture of 15 grams
each of a-D-glucose 1-phosphate and D-fructose and showed that
its properties were identical with those of commercial sucrose.
The enzymatic synthesis of sucrose resulted in some pub-
licity that came to the attention of officials of the Coca-Cola
company, who were having difficulty obtaining sucrose because
of wartime rationing. The company sent a representative to
Berkeley to ascertain whether commercial quantities of sucrose
could be made by the enzymatic method. Hassid and his asso-
ciates were away on vacation at the time, so the Coca-Cola
emissary discussed the problem with Professor Hoagland and
reported that his company was prepared to provide $500,000
for research on this enzyme if a commercial process of sucrose
synthesis seemed feasible. Unfortunately, Professor Hoagland
was pessimistic about the possibility of sweetening Coca-Cola
by this method, and so further support of research of sucrose
phosphorylase was left to the University and the U.S. Public
Health Service.
Later studies on sucrose phosphorylase showed that it could
transfer D-glucose to ~-sorbose and D-threo-pentulose to form
nonreducing disaccharide analogs of sucrose and to ~-arabinose
to yield 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-~-arabinose. The mechanism of
the phosphorylase reaction was investigated by isotope exchange
reactions with 32P-orthophosphate, which was shown to ex-
change into nonradioactive a-D-glucose 1-phosphate. With
alternative monosaccharide acceptors such as ~-sorbose, the
enzyme was shown to transfer D-glucose from sucrose in the ab-
sence of orthophosphate. Clearly, the reaction involved an inter-
mediate D-glucosyl-enzyme that could be formed either from
a-D-glucose 1-phosphate or from an a-D-glucosyl derivative such
as sucrose.
Near the end of the 1940s, Hassid's research began to take
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID 221
in photosynthetically prepared Ci4-labeled glucose. Arch. Bio-
chem. Biophys., 41: 61-63.
1953
Starch. In: Organic Chemistry, An Advanced Treatise, ed. H. Gil-
man, vol. 4, pp. 901-50. N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons.
With R. C. Bean, E. W. Putman, and R. E. Trucco. Preparation of
i4C-labeled D-galactose and glycerol. J. Biol. Chem., 204:169.
Mechanisms of complex saccharide formation. Biologisch iaarboek,
20: 50-55.
1954
With E. W. Putman. Structure of galactosylglycerol from Irideae
laminarioides. J. Am. Chem Soc., 76:2221.
With M. Heidelberger and M. D. Aisenberg. Glycogen, an immuno-
logically specific polysaccharide. journal of Experimental Medi-
cine, 99:343-53.
With W. H. Wadman and A. B. Anderson. The structure of an
arabogalactan from Jeffrey Pine (Pinus [eJ5Freyi). J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 76:4097-100.
Biosynthesis of complex saccharides. In: Chemical Pathways in
Metabolism, ed. D. M. Greenberg, pp. 235-75. N.Y.: Academic
Press.
With E. W. Putman. Sugar transformation in leaves of Canna
indica. I. Synthesis and inversion of sucrose. l. BioI. Chem., 207:
885-902.
1955
With R. C. Bean. Assimilation of C14O2 by a photosynthesizing red
alga, Iridophycus flaccidum. J. Biol. Chem., 212:411-25.
With ~. Edelman and V. Ginsburg. Conversion of monosaccharides
to sucrose and cellulose in wheat seedlings. l. Biol. Chem., 213:
843-54.
With R. C. Bean. Glucose oxidase in Iridophycus flaccidum. Fed.
Proc. 14:179.
With E. W. Putman and C. F. Litt. The structure of D-glucosyI-D-
xylose synthesized by maltose phosphorylase. l. Am. Chem. Soc.,
77:4351.
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222
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With R. C. Bean. Synthesis of disaccharides with pea preparations.
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77:5737-38.
With R. C. Bean. Assimilation of C~4-labeled carbon dioxide by a
photosynthesizing red alga, 1. Iaminarioid ies. Fed. Proc., 13: 179.
With R. McCready. a-D-Glucose 1-phosphate. In: Biochemical
Preparations, ed. W. W. Westerfield et al., vol. 4. pp. 63-70.
N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
1956
With E. F. Neufeld. Hydrolysis of amylose by p-amylase and Z-
enzyme. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 59:405-519.
With R. C. Bean. Carbohydrate oxidase from a red alga, Iridophycus
f accid um. J. Biol. Chem., 218:425-36.
With V. Ginsburg and P. K. Stumpf. Uridine diphosphate pentoses
in mung bean seedlings. Fed. Proc., 15:262.
With E. W. Putman and V. Ginsburg. Metabolism of galactose in
Canna leaves and wheat seedlings. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 20:
17-22.
With V. Ginsburg and E. F. Neufeld. Enzymatic synthesis of uridine
diphosphate xylose and uridine diphosphate arabinose. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 42:333-35.
With R. C. Bean. Enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gIucosone in a
red alga.Science, 124:171-72.
With V. Ginsburg. Pentose metabolism in wheat seedlings. J. Biol.
Chem., 223:277-84.
With V. Ginsburg and P. K. Stumpf. The isolation of uridine di-
phosphate derivatives of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose and
L-arabinose from mung bean seedlings. J. Biol. Chem., 223:
977-83.
1957
With i. Solms and D. S. Feingold. Uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-
glucosamine and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid in mung
bean seedlings. J. Am. Cl~em. Soc., 79:2342-43.
With S. Abraham. Chemical procedures for analysis of polysaccha-
rides. In: Methods in Enzymology, ed. S. P. Colowick and N. O.
Kaplan, vol. 3, pp. 3~50. N.Y.: Academic Press.
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
223
With R. M. McCready. Preparation of a-D-glucose 1-phosphate by
means of potato phosphorylase. In: Methods of Enzymology, ed.
S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, vol. 3, pp. 137~3. N.Y.: Aca-
demic Press.
With E. F. Neufeld, V. Ginsburg, E. W. Putman, and D. Fanshier.
Formation and interconversion of sugar nucleotides by plant
extracts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 69:603-16.
With E. W. Putman. Anomeric 1-dicyclohexylammonium phosphate
esters of D-glucopyranose, D-galactopyranose, D-xylopyranose,
and L-arabinopyranose. I. Am. Chem. Soc., 79:5057.
With l. Solms. Isolation of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine
and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid from mung bean
seedlings. l. Biol. Chem., 228:357-64.
With C. E. Ballou. Phosphate esters. In: The Carbohydrates, ed.
W. Pigman, pp. 172-87. N.Y.: Academic Press.
With C. E. Ballou: Oligosaccharides. In: The Carbohydrates, ed.
W. Pigman, pp. 473-533. N.Y.: Academic Press.
1958
Enzymatic synthesis (including brief review of formation in photo-
synthesis) and interconversion of the monosaccharides. In:
Hand buch der Pflanzenthysio logic, ed. W. RuhI and, vol. . 6, pp.
47-62. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
The synthesis and transformation of the oligosaccharides in plants,
including their hydrolysis. In: Handbuch der PQanzenphysi-
ologie, ed. W. Ruhland, vol. 6, pp. 125-36. Berlin: Springer
Verlag.
With E. F. Neufeld and D. S. Feingold. Enzymatic conversion of
uridine diphosphate D-glucuronic acid to uridine diphosphate
gal acturonic acid, uridine di phosphate xylose, and uridine di-
phosphate arabinose. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80:4430.
With D. S. Feingold and E. F. Neufeld. Synthesis of a ,8-1,3-linked
glucan by extracts of Phaseolus aureus seedlings. [. Biol. Chem.,
233:783-88.
With D. S. Feingold and E. F. Neufeld. Enzymic synthesis of uridine
diphosphate glucuronic acid and uridine diphosphate galac-
turonic acid with extracts from Phaseolus auresus seedlings.
Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 78:401-6.
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224
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1959
With D. S. Feingold and E. F. Neufeld. Xylosyl transfer catalyzed
by an asparagus extract. l. Biol. Chem., 234:488-89.
With E. F. Neufeld and D. S. Feingold. Sugar nucleotides in the
interconversion of carbohydrates in higher plants. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 45:905-15.
With E. F. Neufeld and D. S. Feingold. Enzymic phosphorylation
of D-glucuronic acid by extracts from seedlings of Phaseolus
aureus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 83:96-100.
1960
With E. F. Neufeld and D. S. Feingold. Phosphorylation of D-
galactose and L-arabinose by extracts from Phaseolus aureus
seedlings. l. Biol. Chem., 235:906-9.
With D. S. Feingold and E. F. Neufeld. The 4-epimerization and
decarboxylation of uridine diphosphate D-glucuronic acid by
extracts from Phaseolus aureus seedlings. l. Biol. Chem., 235:
910-13.
With G. Kessler and D. S. Feingold. Utilization of exogenous sugars
for biosynthesis of carbohydrates in germinating pollen. Plant
Physiol., 35:505-9.
With J. C. Su. Identification of guanosine diphosphate 1-galactose,
guanosine diphosphate D-mannose, and adenosine 3',5'-pyro-
phosphate from red alga, Porphyra perforate, J. G. Agardh.
{. Biol. Chem., 235:36-7.
Biosynthesis of complex saccharides. In: Metabolic Pathways, ed.
D. M. Greenberg, vol. 1, pp. 251-300. N.Y.: Academic Press.
Carbohydrate. In: Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, pp. 451-
58. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
Monosaccharide. In: Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, pp.
578-83. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.
1961
With G. Kessler, E. F. Neufeld, and D. S. Feingold. Metabolism of
D-glucuronic acid by Phaseolus aureus seedlings. l. Biol. Chem.,
236: 308-12.
With W. M. Watkins. Enzymatic synthesis of lactose from uridine
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
225
diphosphate D-galactose and D-glucose. Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun., 5:260-64
With E. F. Neufeld, D. S. Feingold, S. M. Ilves and G. Kessler.
Phosphorylation of D-galacturonic acid by extracts from germi-
nating seeds of Phaseolus aureus. J. Biol. Chem., 236:3102-5.
1962
The biosynthesis of poIysaccharides from nuceloside disphosphate
sugars. In: Biochemical Society Symposium No. 21, pp. 63-79.
Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press.
With Jong-Ching Su. Carbohydrates and nucleotides in the red alga
Porphyra perforate. I. Isolation and identification of carbo-
hydrates. Biochemistry, 1: 468-74.
With l. C. Su. Carbohydrates and nucleotides in the red alga
Porphyra perforate. II. Separation and identification of nucleo-
tides. Biochemistry, 1:47~80.
With W. Watkins. The synthesis of lactose by particulate enzyme
preparations from guinea pig and bovine mammary glands.
I. Biol. Chem., 237:1432~0.
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WILLIAM ZEV HASSID
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With K. K. Batra. Determination of linkages of ,8-~1 3~-D-glucanase
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OCR for page 230
230
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
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With D. L. Storm. Partial purification and properties of a ,B-D-
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1975
With P. H. Chan. One step purification of D-galactose and L-
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
phaseolus aureus
