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1962
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
August 13,1897-November 17,1975
BY F R A N K B RIN K, JR.
DETLEV WULF BRONK was born in 1897 in New York City,
where his father, Mitchell Bronk, was pastor of the Ascen-
sion Baptist Church at 1 60th Street and Park Avenue. Det
received his unusual Christian names through his mother, Marie
Wulf, whose father was Detlev Wulf, a businessman in New
York City. The family moved to Bayonne, New Jersey in 1900,
where his sister, Isabelle, was born in 1903. His later youth
(1912-1919) was spent in Troy, New York in the same region of
the state where his forebears had lived for many years. Detlev
Bronk is a direct descendant of Mattheus Brunck, a "smith" from
the Rhenish Palatinate, who came to West Camp, on the Hud-
son River, in 1710. A grandson of Mattheus, Abraham, settled
about 1797 on a farm near Duanesburg, Schenectady county,
which became known as "the Bronk Place." Det's grandfather,
Abram Bronk, grew up in Florida, New York. In nearby Man-
chester lived Cynthia Brewster, a descendant of the Elder
William Brewster of the Mayflower Colony. Abram and Cynthia
were married in 1856 after a prolonged courtship, much of it
carried on by letter via packets to and from California. After
their marriage Abram farmed "the Bronk Place" from 1856 to
1861, and Det's aunt, Anna Isabella, was born there.
Tracing the history of a contemporary American family that
had one line beginning in 1710 and at least one other in 1620
3
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4
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
is both interesting and complex. The available letters and docu-
ments are far too extensive for review here. Of present relevance
is recorded evidence of a continuous thread of scholarship and a
love of learning that linked the generations, even in times when
practical concerns demanded most of each person's energy and
attention. Det's grandfather, Abram, attended Union College for
two years. He studied mathematics, was fascinated with astron-
omy, and read poetry. He was, in succession, a schoolteacher,
a "forty-niner" in California, a farmer in Duanesburg, and a
storekeeper in Manchester. He was an able debater and kept
notes on rules of public speaking. Also an avid reader who loved
books, he left his family "more books than money" when he cried
in 1870. Abram had attributes that were to characterize his chil-
dren and grandchildren, even though he died when his children
Isabella, Mitchell, and John were very young. His widow,
Cynthia, a religious woman and a teacher, propagated the thread
of scholarship by providing an environment that permitted
Mitchell and Isabella to develop their scholarly talents, each
earning the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Their brother, John,
became a lawyer. Aunt Belle taught French Language and
Literature as a member of the faculty of Swarthmore College
from 1901 to 1927; she had a very definite influence upon Det's
development and general education during his college years
there. Mitchell, a Baptist minister with a Ph.D. in theology, was
an author of several books on religious matters both historical
and inspirational. His essays covered a variety of subjects includ-
ing experiences of his own life and times. Mitchell had strong
views on the defects in the then current educational system. He
wrote of his training: "interminable reviews, tests, and nerve-
wracking exams in my opinion are not ta sign ok real scholar-
# Mitchell Bronk, Discovering Any Forty-niner Father (Philadelphia: Judson
Press, 1942~.
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
5
ship. It floes not result in a real love of literature." ~ According
to my recollection of Det's account of his early education, he
studied under guidance of his father until the age of ten. He
graduated from the eighth grade in Bayonne in 1911, then
enrolled in the Troy high school, graduating in 1915.
During his college years at Swarthmore, Det corresponded
constantly with his parents. In January HIS, he wrote to his
father, "I took the differential equation training although I
never may need them, and as far as the general training resulting
from mathematics goes I have had quite enough. But since I do
not know what I am going to do I suppose I might just as well
go on and prepare myself for physics or electrical engineering.
It seems a shame sometimes that I cannot decide what to do and
then go ahead and fit myself for that work." Perhaps this urt-
certainty derived from Det's urge to participate in the war effort.
Soon after, he proposed in another letter to his father that he
leave college and work with the Food Administration Office in
Philadelphia. A follow-up letter to his mother asks her to be
sure his father answered promptly and added that Aunt Belle
approved. He became an inspector, enforcing the law regulating
food prices through surprise visits to various food stores. How-
ever, as more of the older students enlisted, he wrote to his father,
"I can't quite agree with you on the proposition of enlisting
and leaving college. I most certainly would never have been
content to stay through next year. I suppose a young man feels
the call of country more and while cold logic may point to a
continuation of college, I have found few red-blooded men who
were willing to do so. The nation and the world as I see it is
#"An Old Fashioned Education," Scribners, 74 (Nov. 1923), No. 5. Similar
opinions were part of the philosophy of higher education developed by his son,
who later had an opportunity to implement some changes at The Johns Hopkins
University and The Rockefeller University that fostered an individual's love of
learning and judged accomplishment without emphasis on course credits and
examinations.
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6
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
facing the ultimate just at present and the most I can do for
those principles which I believe right I want to do." In the same
letter he added, "The very day after I wrote you last I saw the
notice of those two deaths in the paper that you sent me and I
thought what a very inappropriate time I had picked to write
what I did about naval aviation. But I have only seen the notice
of four naval aviators' deaths in the last year, and I not only read
the papers but also Aerial Age each week and Naval Air Service."
He stated that he would not go against their wishes but hoped
they would see the matter from his viewpoint. He promised to
take a long vacation at home before going to the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology for ground training. His arguments pre-
vailed and he was learning to fly at Pensacola Airbase in Sep-
tember 1918. At this time Det wrote to his mother,
I've been up in the air nearly three hours now and drive the plane
alone, of course with an instructor in the machine with me. My instructor,
by the way, is a Phi Psi from Leland Stanford. It's a wonderful sensation,
riding around up there in the clouds, and I wouldn't have missed it for
anything in the world. On my first trip the instructor gave me the thrill
of a couple of stunts; and I've been flying upside down already; never
think anything about it; tho I'd hardly want to do it all by myself just
yet. As for fatalities, there hasn't been one here for eight months, and
there are always ten or fifteen machines in the air. Gee! I certainly do
like it!
Sometime before leaving college to become an aviation cadet,
Det had met and courted Helen Alexander Ramsey, a student
in Aunt Belle's French language course. Like his grandfather,
Abram, he continued his courtship by correspondence, and he
and Helen became engaged. In a letter to his mother he gave
instructions for carefully choosing an engagement ring. How-
ever, the separation was soon over. In December 1918 he earned
his wings and was commissioned an Ensign. During the next
nine months he was on leave but on call for active service, and
in September 1919 he returned to college. He and Helen grad-
uated from Swarthmore College in June 1920.
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
7
Det had received a B.S. in electrical engineering. Yet he
accepted a position in a brokerage firm in Philadelphia. This
did not last long, because in January 1921 he became an instruc-
tor in physics at the University of Pennsylvania, simultaneously
taking courses in physical measurements, potential theory, and
thermionic currents. Subsequent events and letters suggest that
during this period he decided that advanced study and research
in physics were essential for his future plans. That summer he
studied at Harvard, choosing acoustics and advanced calculus in
preparation for continuing his graduate studies in physics at the
University of Michigan in the fall.
His courtship of Helen must have flourished through this
busy period because in September 1921 they were married at
Swarthmore in a ceremony performed by his father. Det's part
in planning the wedding arrangements was also by correspon-
dence. A letter from his mother assured him that his father had
put off getting his haircut until the last moment so that he would
look his best at the ceremony. Clearly, Det Bronk had a warm
and confident relation with his family, both then and later. In
1946, his father wrote to him, "You have worked hard, sacrifi-
cially hard, and doggedly with little pushing except your own
gumption, enterprise and ambition, and certainly deserve all the
advancement and honors that have come to you or shall not
to speak of the honor you have put over onto me and the
family name. I have wanted to say this to you now, because at
eighty-four it doesn't do to put it off." At this time the elder
Bronk was living with his daughter in Germantown, Pennsyl-
vania. Isabelle Bronk, a librarian at the University of Pennsyl-
vania, took care of her father until his death in 1950.
In the fall of 1921 Helen and Det went to live in Ann Arbor,
Michigan. He continued his graduate studies in physics, and she
established their home in a house at 11 Ridgeway, where they
lived for five years. Det liked to tell how he rebuilt and improved
the house, a necessity then and an avocation later as he acquired
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8
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
a succession of houses at Sycamore Mills near Media, Pennsyl-
vania; Penzance Point on Cape Cod; and Seal Harbor in Maine;
and a cabin near Petersburg, New York. He planned the house
at Sycamore Mills for several years and worked with the architect
constantly as it was being built. During many more years the
improvement of the grounds around this house and its mainte-
nance and repair, including new roof shingles, were family
projects, as was the construction of the cabin. Only the presi-
dential houses at Johns Hopkins and Rockefeller University
escaped his personal handiwork. Helen transformed all of these
places into pleasant homes for them and their sons, John Everton
Ramsey, Adrian Mitchell, and Mitchell Herbert. An important
part of their family life was devoted to frequent hospitable
gatherings of friends in their home. The Sunday night dinners
at Hill House in Sycamore Mills were notable for good food,
friendship, and interesting discussions. Scientists in the Johnson
Foundation and graduate students were privileged to join the
Bronk family and to meet visiting scientists. Det considered such
occasions an enjoyable and valuable part of life, and Helen was
an exceptionally gracious and friendly hostess. She participated
fully in this aspect of his busy life. In this way she enriched the
lives of her children and supported Det's efforts to emphasize
essential qualities of a scholarly life. Their excursions to foreign
places began in 1928 when they lived in Cambridge, England
while Det worked with E. D. Adrian as a post-doctoral fellow.
There were many other occasions for traveling together ove
almost fifty years. The final trip was to attend the 250th Anni-
versary celebration of the Russian Academy of Sciences in
Moscow, shortly before Det's death.
MOTIVATIONS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND DECISIONS
In June 1922 Det received an M.S. from the University of
Michigan and was enrolled as an applicant for the Ph.D. degree
in physics. At that time he was working with Professors W. F.
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
9
Colby and C. F. Meyer on "An Extension of the Fundamental
Infra Red Absorption Band of HC1." Four papers published
between 1923 and 1927 with Bronk as co-author were based
upon his measurements of the molecular spectra of several gases,
using a diffraction grating for improved resolution.
In July 1924 he made inquiries for possible positions in engi-
neering and academic physics. Of great significance for his future
was a letter to Professor Arthur Willis Goodspeed, at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, asking for a position there. In reply,
Goodspeed said that all of the faculty in physics would be de-
lighted to have him back "with a view of becoming a fixture."
Because there was no vacancy then, Goodspeed and Charles
Blizard Bazzoni came up with a different proposal. The latter
was seeking funds to start a group in physics concerned only with
research and instruction of graduate students. Bazzoni asked
Bronk to consider such an appointment for the specific purpose
of continuing investigation of the infra-red spectra of molecules.
His letter starts, "As you know I have been developing a research
section in this department in which I have endeavored to instill
those ideals which are essential to the maintenance of the output
in pure science.... There has been relatively little difficulty in
acquiring a fair equipment, . . . the difficulty has been to get
men mentally and temperamentally suitably constituted to carry
out such work." This unusual opportunity must have seemed
very tempting to Det, but he turned down the offer in Sep-
tember 1924 because a new vista of physical investigations of
physiological mechanisms had attracted his attention. At this
critical juncture in his professional development Bronk dropped
the idea of finishing his degree in physics. He described this
sequence of changes in a letter to Bazzoni: "The object of my
going into the department of physiology for this year was to get a
good grounding in biological and medical sciences which would
enable me to effectively carry on research in big-physics. Dr.
Randall OH. M. Randall, Professor of Physics at the University
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10
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
of Michigan] has always encouraged me in the belief that there
is a large and undeveloped field in the investigation of physical
laws in living organisms and has said that he would be glad to
have such work carried on in his department...." Bazzoni in-
formed Det that H. C. Bazett, the Professor of Physiology at the
University of Pennsylvania, wanted a physicist who was inter-
ested in working in physiology. This contact eventually led to
correspondence and a meeting between Bronk and Bazett. In
February 1925 Bazett asked Bronk to consider coming to his
department to oversee work of a graduate student who wanted
to do research in x-ray analysis of the structure of fibrin and
muscle. In reply Bronk revealed that his main interest was the
study of the nerve impulse, "its generation, conduction, trans-
mission across the synapse, and manner of activation."
However, net was not ready to accept any position. A letter
to Bazett states, "I am not certain that I will be able to complete
my thesis in time to take my degree this June possibly not until
the latter part of the summer. Last Spring, when I decided to
take my degree in both physiology and physics, I found it neces-
sary to give up the field of infra-red spectroscopy in which I had
published three researches and in which I had a thesis well
under way. In addition to building up a new research technique
I have had to do much reading in Physiology and to take such
courses as Physiological Chemistry, Histology, and Nervous
Anatomy." And in March 1925 he wrote again, "I have finally
developed what I believe to be entirely new methods for meas-
uring conductivity, for determining pH, and for amplifying
with vacuum tubes without drift or distortion. I am exceedingly
anxious to use these methods on some very interesting problems
which I have in mind and for which I have the set-ups practically
completed. This work will carry me through the better part of
another year."
In collaboration with Robert Gesell he published (1926-
1928) seven papers based upon research related to his thesis.
~ T TO . . ~ . . � -
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
11
They dealt with physiological properties of the respiratory and
cardiovascular systems and with neural excitation of secretion
from the salivary glands in mammals. He perceived clearly that
physiological phenomena provided a rich field for discovery of
fundamental biological mechanisms through research based
upon physical methods. His letters to Professor Bazett at Penn
and to President Frank Aydelotte at Swarthmore seeking an
appointment earnestly proclaim that biophysics can be devel-
oped into a powerful intellectual discipline for understanding
"the living state of matter." His research reports for the years
1923 to 1928 marked the transition of a physicist into a bio-
physicist concerned with the physical analysis of physiological
processes in animals. The scientific roots of Det Bronk in engi-
neering and physics are evident throughout his published re-
search. The early investigations of blood flow exhibit a physi-
cist's concern for improving quantitative measurements and a
physiologist's insight into the importance of the neural mecha-
nisms for controlling distribution of blood in an organism, a
problem involving a knowledge of physics and of the engineer-
ing of machine-like control systems.
Letters written to him in 1924 and 1925 indicate that he was
also considering a management or engineering post in com-
mercial firms. For example, in January 1926 he decided not to
accept a position with C-T Electric, a Philadelphia company
manufacturing electric trucks. Of particular interest are several
handwritten preliminary versions of his letters of application in
which he develops a description of his qualifications for each
post. Such a letter to James Gilbert White is particularly inform-
ative about Det's ideas in 1926:
I took my undergraduate work in electrical engineering at Swarthmore
College from which I graduated in 1920. As evidence of the nature of my
work while there I might say that on graduation I was awarded the College
medal for "character, scholarship, and leadership". I was president of the
Student Government Association, a varsity debater, editor of the College
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Annual and Weekly, captain of the varsity debating team, and a member
of two varsity athletic teams. My summer months were spent with the
General Electric Company, the Western Electric Company and the Penn-
sylvania Railroad. During the war, I was secretary to the Philadelphia
Food Administrator and later an ensign in the Naval Air Corps.
During my last semester in college I spent half time as assistant power
engineer with the Philadelphia Electric Company. The year following
graduation I was assistant to Mr. L. I. Schumaker, president of several
Philadelphia companies. I then decided that the intensive work and habits
of analytical thought and investigation that come in research would be a
valuable training so I accepted a position as instructor in Physics at the
University of Michigan. Last year I was selected as the physicist to carry
on research in the medical school in connection with the application of
modern electrical methods to biological problems. I have completed four
research publications including my doctor's dissertation.
It has seemed to me that the type of position I am seeking exists in
your organization. I do not desire purely technical nor research work; the
University has assured me an attractive future should I care to continue
in that work. Nor do I wish to go into banking or bond sales. The work
I am looking for would lie between the two; it would perhaps be assistant
to one of your executives, or involve the analysis of reports, or a study of
special conditions in connection with construction or operation anything
that would offer a choice for hard work and growth towards a real oppor-
tunity in connection with management and administration. To such an
opening I think I could bring habits of study, and analysis, willingness to
work nights as well as day, the ability to get along well with people, some
experience in writing and speaking, and a familiarity with once and
business methods.
However, there were other irons in quite different fires. In
April 1925 the Professor of Physics at Swarthmore, Winthrop
R. Wright, asked Det to consider an appointment for one year
as a physics teacher. In his reply Det revealed his aspirations for
a career in research and teaching of biophysics and suggested
that such a plan might be worked out at Swarthmore:
My idea rather was that I be appointed assistant professor in big-physics,
to divide my teaching time between physics and biology with perhaps
allowance for a course in big-physics to be devoted to such things as
mechanism of the sense organs, protoplasmic and nervous action, the
electrical activity of the body, effect of light on living things in short
the physics and chemistry of life.... If you like, the one course would be
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
77
upon pain produced by cutaneous injury. Am. J. Physiol., 116:56
(A).
With L. K. Ferguson, R. Margaria and D. Y. Solandt. The activity of
the cardiac sympathetic centers. Am. l. Physiol., 117: 237-49.
The activity of nerve cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.,
4: 170-78.
1937
With F. Brink. Rhythmic activity of single nerve fibers induced by
low calcium. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 37:94-95.
With M. G. Larrabee. The effects of activity and altered circulation
on ganglionic transmission. Am. J. Physiol., 119:279 (A).
With A. C. Burton. The motor mechanism of shivering and of
thermal muscular tone. Am. I. Physiol., 119:284 (A).
1938
The relation of physics to the biological sciences. J. Appl. Phys.,
9:139-42.
With T. Sjostrand and F. Brink. Relation of chemically-induced
activity in nerve to changes in demarcation potential. Proc. Soc.
Exp. Biol. Med., 38:918-20.
With M. G. Larrabee and F. Brink. The chemical excitation of nerve
cells. Internat. Physiol. Congr. Proc., 16th, Zurich, 2:241.
With M. G. Larrabee. Persistent discharge from sympathetic gan-
glion cells following preganglionic stimulation. Proc. Soc. Exp.
Biol. Med., 38:921-22.
Henry Herbert Donaldson, Ph.D., Sc.D. 1857-1938. Arch. Neurol.
Psychiatr., 39: 1313. Also in: Trans. Am. Neurol. Assoc., 64:222-
23.
With S. S. Tower, D. Y. Solandt and M. G. Larrabee. The trans-
mission of trains of impulses through a sympathetic ganglion and
in its postganglionic nerves. Am. J. Physiol., 122: 1-15.
With F. Brink and T. Sjostrand. Chemically induced rhythmicity in
peripheral axones. Am. l. Physiol., 123: 22-23 (A).
With M. G. Larrabee, J. B. Gaylor and F. Brink. The influence of
altered chemical environment on the activity of ganglion cells.
Am. J. Physiol., 123: 24-25 (A).
With M. G. Larrabee. Long-lasting effects of activity on ganglionic
transmission. Am. l. Physiol., 123: 126 (A).
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Cellular organization of nervous function (S. Weir Mitchell Ora-
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The influence of circulation on activity of nerve cells. In: The
Circulation of the Brain and Spinal Cord. Assoc. Res. Nerv.
Ment. Dis., 18:298-315.
1939
Synaptic mechanisms in sympathetic ganglia. In: Symposium on
Synapse. Springfield, Ill.: C. C. Thomas. Also in: l. Neuro-
physiol., 2:380-401.
With F. Brink and T. Sjostrand. Factors determining the frequency
of chemicallyinitiatednerveimpulses.Am.~.Physiol.,126:442-
43(A).
With M. G. Larrabee and F. Brink. The effect of chemical agents on
the excitability of ganglion cells. Am. T. Physiol., 126:561 (A).
With F. Brink and M. G. Larrabee. Chemical excitation of nerve
cells. Trans. Am. Neural. Assoc., 65:46-49.
With F. Brink. Bioelectric studies of the excitation and response of
nerve. Annul Rev. Physiol., 1 :385~06.
1940
With M. G. Larrabee. Neural factors determining the frequency of
impulses discharged from a ganglion cell. Am. i. Physiol., 129:
320 (A).
With R. F. Pitts and M. G. Larrabee. Role of the hypothalamus in
cardiovascular regulation. In: The Hypothalamus. Assoc. Res.
Nerv. Ment. Dis., 20:323-41. Also in: Am. J. Physiol., 129:441~2
(A).
The nervous regulation of visceral process. In: Chemistry and Medi-
cine., ed. M. B. Nlisscher, pp. 261-75. Minneapolis: Univ. Minne-
sota Press.
1941
With F. Brink. Chemical initiation of rhythmic local responses in
nerve preceding trains of propagated impulses. Am. J. Physiol.,
133:222-23 (A).
With F. Brink and P. W. Davies. Chemical control of respiration and
activity in peripheral nerve. Am. J. Physiol., 133:224-25 (A).
With R. F. Pitts and M. G. Larrabee. An analysis of hypothalamic
cardiovascular control. Am. .T- Physiol., 134:359-83.
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
1942
79
With R. F. Pitts. Excitability cycle of hypothalamus sympathetic
neuron system. Am. I. Physiol., 135: 504-22.
Joseph Priestly and the early history of the American Philosophical
Society. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 86: 103-7.
Physical instruments for the biologist. Rev. Sci. Instr., 13 (No. 1~: 1-2.
The case for biological engineering. In: Karl T. Compton, Robert
W. Trullinger, Vannevar Bush, Scientists Face the World of
1942, p. 69. New Brunswick, N.~.: Rutgers University Press.
1944
With P. W. Davies, F. Brink, and M. G. Larrabee. Oxygen supply
and oxygen consumption in the nervous system. Trans. Am.
Neurol. Assoc., 70: 141~4.
The discovery and interpretation of biological phenomena. Proc.
Am. Philos. Soc., 87:307-12.
Human problems in military aviation. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 88:
189-95.
1945
Physical structure and biological action of nerve cells, with some
references to problems of human flight. In: Science in Progress,
ser. 4, p. 49. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. Also in: Amer. Scient.,
34~1946~:55-76.
Re-employment of biologists now in the Army Air Forces. Science,
102: 335-36.
Human problems in Milita natiior. Gen. Mag. Hist. Chron. Univ.
Penn. Gen. Alumni Soc., 42: 181.
The 220th Anniversary Celebration of the Academy of Sciences of
the USSR. June 15-29. Rev. Sci. Instr., 16:302-5.
1946
Human problems in military aviation. Smithson. Inst. Annul Rep.
1945, pp. 401-11.
International relations among scientists. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 90:
30~8.
With M. G. Larrabee. After-discharge from sympathetic ganglion
cells following preganglionic nerve stimulation. Fed. Proc., 5:60
(A).
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Eldridge Reeves Johnson (1867-1945~. Yearb. Am. Philos. Soc., pp.
314-17.
With F. Brink and M. G. Larrabee. Chemical excitation of nerve.
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 47:457-85.
Aviation medicine. In: l. F. Baxter, Scientists Against Time, p. 377.
Boston: Little, Brown.
1947
Physicians of the machine age. Ann. Int. Med., 26:489-95.
With F. Brink, C. M. Connelly, F. D. Carlson, and P. W. Davies.
The time course of recovery oxygen consumption in nerve. Fed.
Proc., 6:83 (A).
With M. G. Larrabee and l. M. Posternak. Effects of chemical agents
on metabolism and function of synapses and fibers in sympa-
thetic ganglia. Fed. Proc., 6: 148 (A).
With l. M. Posternak and M. G. Larrabee. Oxygen requirements of
the neurons in sympathetic ganglia. Fed. Proc., 6:182 (A).
With M. G. Larrabee. Prolonged facilitation of synaptic excitation
in sympathetic ganglia. J. Neurophysiol., 10:139-54.
The motives and satisfactions of the scientist's career. Proc. Conf.
Sci., Rockford Coll. Centenn. Publ., p. 117.
1948
With F. Brink and M. G. Larrabee. The sequence of functional
changes in a neuron during narcosis and anoxia. Fed. Proc., 7: 14
(A).
With F. D. Carlson and F. Brink. A method for direct measurement
of rate of oxygen utilization by nerve. Fed. Proc., 7:18 (A).
With C. M. Connelly. Measurements of rapid changes in oxygen by
nerve following brief periods of stimulation. Fed. Proc., 7:22 (A).
With P. W. Davies and R. G. Grenell. The time course of in vivo
oxygen consumption of cerebral cortex following electrical
stimulation. Fed. Proc., 7:25 (A>.
With M. G. Larrabee and J. B. Gaylor. Effects of circulatory arrest
and oxygen lack on synaptic transmission in sympathetic gan-
glion..~. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 31:193-212.
1949
Science and human) ty. In: Changing Pa t terns of A m erican Civil iza-
tion, Benjamin FrankIin Lectures 1948, pp. 1-15. Philadelphia:
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DETLEV WULF BRONK
81
Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. Also in: Science, 109:477-82 (con-
densed form).
Rhythmic action and respiration of nerve cells. The Croonian
Lecture, Roy. Soc. London, June 30, 1949 (unpublished).
Responsibilities of citizenship. (Commencement Address.) Rice Inst.
Pamph. Rice Institute, Houston, Tex. 36~4~: 13-20.
The Unity of the Sciences and the Humanities, 4th Annul Arthur
Dehon Little Mem. Lect., Nov. 22, M.I.T. Cambridge, Mass.:
M.I.T. Press.
1950
With F. D. Carlson and F. Brink. A continuous flow respirometer
utilizing the oxygen cathode. Rev. Sci. Instr., 21: 923-32.
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1971
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
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