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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES

THIRD REPORT

Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

Transportation Research Board

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1997

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is interim president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22-94-G-07414 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 97-66882

International Standard Book Number: 0-309-05776-0

Available for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800-6242 or 202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 1997 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

STANDING COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES

TREVOR O. JONES (chair),

NAE,1 Echlin, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio

R. GARY DIAZ,

formerly with Case Corporation, Racine, Wisconsin

DAVID E. FOSTER,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

DAVID F. HAGEN,

Michigan Center for High Technology, Detroit

SIMONE HOCHGREB,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

FRITZ KALHAMMER,

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California

JOHN G. KASSAKIAN,

NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

HAROLD H.C. KUNG,

Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

CRAIG MARKS,

NAE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

JOHN SCOTT NEWMAN,

University of California, Berkeley

JEROME G. RIVARD,

NAE, Global Technology and Business Development, Harrison Township, Michigan

VERNON P. ROAN,

University of Florida, Palm Beach Gardens

SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN,

Texas A&M University, College Station

F. BLAKE WALLACE, (retired),

Allison Engine Company, Indianapolis, Indiana

Subgroup on Nonelectrochemical Storage Devices

DAVID HAGEN (chair)

CRAIG MARKS

JEROME G. RIVARD

Subgroup on Electrical Systems and Systems Analysis

JEROME G. RIVARD (chair)

R. GARY DIAZ

JOHN G. KASSAKIAN

Subgroup on Batteries and Ultracapacitors

SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN (chair)

FRITZ KALHAMMER

JOHN NEWMAN

VERNON P. ROAN

1  

 NAE = National Academy of Engineering.

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

Subgroup on Fuel Cells

SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN (chair)

SIMONE HOCHGREB

FRITZ KALHAMMER

HAROLD H.C. KUNG

JOHN NEWMAN

VERNON P. ROAN

Subgroup on Compression Ignition Direct Injection (CIDI) Engines

CRAIG MARKS (chair)

DAVID E. FOSTER

DAVID HAGEN

SIMONE HOCHGREB

HAROLD H.C. KUNG

Subgroup on Gas Turbines

VERNON P. ROAN (chair)

R. GARY DIAZ

CRAIG MARKS

F. BLAKE WALLACE

Subgroup on Stirling Engines

CRAIG MARKS (chair)

TREVOR O. JONES

JEROME G. RIVARD

Project Staff

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director,

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)

NAN HUMPHREY, senior program officer,

Transportation Research Board

SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, senior project assistant,

BEES

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

ROBERT L. HIRSCH (chair),

Energy Technology Collaborative, Incorporated, Washington, D.C.

RICHARD MESERVE (vice chair),

Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C.

JAN BEYEA, consultant,

National Audubon Society, and Consulting in the Public Interest, Islip, New York

E. GAIL DE PLANQUE, former commissioner of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,

Potomac, Maryland

LINDA C. DOLAN,

Martin Marietta Electronics and Missiles, Orlando, Florida

WILLIAM FULKERSON, (retired),

Oak Ridge National Laboratories, and University of Tennessee, Knoxville

JACQUES GANSLER,

The Analytical Sciences Corporation, Arlington, Virginia

ROY G. GORDON,

Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts

FRANCOIS E. HEUZE,

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California

LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,

NAE, Bechtel Group, Inc., San Francisco, California

RUTH A. RECK,

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois

JOEL SPIRA,

NAE, Lutron Electronics Company, Inc., Coopersburg, Pennsylvania

JAMES SWEENEY,

Stanford University, Stanford, California

IRVIN WHITE,

UTECH, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia

Liaison Members from the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

RICHARD A. CONWAY,

NAE, Union Carbide Corporation, South Charleston, West Virginia

JERRY SCHUBEL,

New England Aquarium, Boston, Massachusetts

Staff

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director

JILL WILSON, senior program officer

TRACY WILSON, senior program officer

SUSANNA CLARENDON, administrative assistant

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

Acknowledgments

The committee wishes to thank all the members of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles who contributed significantly of their time and effort to this National Research Council study, whether by giving presentations at meetings, providing responses to committee requests for information, or hosting site visits. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of organizations outside the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, including those from outside the United States, who provided information on advanced vehicle technologies and development initiatives. Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the committee members and the staff of the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems of the National Research Council for their hard work during the meetings and for their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

Acronyms


Ah

ampere hour

ARPA

Advanced Research Projects Agency

ATP

Advanced Technology Program


CIDI

compression ignition direct injection

CNG

compressed natural gas

CO

carbon monoxide

CO2

carbon dioxide

CRADA

cooperative research and development agreement


DISI

direct injected spark ignited

DME

dimethyl ether

DOC

U.S. Department of Commerce

DOD

U.S. Department of Defense

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

DOT

U.S. Department of Transportation


EGR

exhaust-gas recirculation

EPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


GREET

greenhouse gases, regulated emissions and energy in transportation


HC

hydrocarbons

HEUI

hydraulic electronic unit injection

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

HEV

hybrid electric vehicle

HSDI

high speed direct injection

HVAC

heating, ventilation, and air conditioning


kWh

kilowatt hour


LEV

low-emission vehicle


MPFI

multi-port fuel injection

mV

millivolt


NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NDE

nondestructive evaluation

NOx

nitrogen oxides

NSF

National Science Foundation

NRC

National Research Council


OBD

on-board diagnostics

OEM

original equipment manufacturer


PEBB

power electronic building block

PEM

proton exchange membrane

PEMFC

proton exchange membrane fuel cell

PM

particulate matter

PNGV

Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

ppm

parts per million


R&D

research and development


SIDI

spark ignition direct injection

SOx

oxides of sulfur

SWRI

Southwest Research Institute


TACOM

Tank Automotive Command


ULEV

ultra-low emission vehicle

USABC

U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium

USCAR

United States Council for Automotive Research


VOCs

volatile organic compounds

VW

Volkswagen


ZEV

zero emission vehicle

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×
Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×
Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×

List of Tables

H-1

 

Potential of PNGV Candidate Technologies and Assessment of Research Progress,

 

2

ES-1

 

Potential of PNGV Candidate Technologies and Assessment of Research Progress,

 

24

ES-2

 

PNGV's Presentation to Committee on Assessment of Major Barriers and Program Needs,

 

26

3-1

 

Systems Analysis Benchmarking Configurations,

 

46

4-1

 

CIDI Engine Critical Characteristics versus PNGV Milestone Targets,

 

53

4-2

 

PNGV Emission Targets and Standards,

 

54

4-3

 

Battery Target Comparison,

 

69

4-4

 

PNGV Design Targets for Short-Term Energy Storage,

 

70

6-1

 

Potential of PNGV Candidate Technologies and Assessment of Research Progress,

 

102

6-2

 

PNGV's Presentation to Committee on Assessment of Major Barriers and Program Needs,

 

104

7-1

 

Potential of PNGV Candidate Technologies in the Committee's Second Report,

 

112

Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
×
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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Suggested Citation:"FRONT MATTER." National Research Council. 1997. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Third Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5736.
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This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses compression ignition direct injection engines, fuel cells, gas turbines, batteries, flywheels, ultracapacitors, and power electronics being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles—a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research.

The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule and addresses several broad program issues such as government efforts to anticipate infrastructure issues, the leverage of foreign technology, and the program's adequacy and balance.

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