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The Use of Multi-State Life Tables in Estimating Places for Biomedical and Behavioral Scientists
A TECHNICAL PAPER
Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel
Panel on Estimation Procedures
Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel
National Research Council
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C.,
1997
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Brace M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is interim president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This is based on work supported by the National Institutes of Health.
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National Research Council
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Copyright 1997 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL NEEDS FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL
Panel on Estimation Procedures
Michael Rothschild, Chair
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University
Eugene Hammel
Department of Demography University of California at Berkeley
Alan Krueger
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University
Robert Mare
Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin
Aage Sørensen
Department of Sociology Harvard University
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Acknowledgments
The paper that follows is a technical paper commissioned by the Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel. It is being published well after the report of the full committee, in part, because it is an exploration of a technique that should be considered by future committees, as opposed to a technique that was used in the 1994 report. The Panel wishes to thank Alan Fechter, Jeffrey Kallan, Charlotte Kuh, and Pamela Lohof for their assistance in compiling the statistics, editing, and drafting the report.
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Contents
Demographic Models
1
Introduction
1
Demographic Modeling: An Overview
5
Modeling the Biomedical/Behavioral Workforce: Strengths and Limitations
7
Applying the Model to the Biomedical and Behavioral Science Workforce
9
The Data
11
Transition Rates
11
Retirements
12
Field Mobility
12
Deaths
13
New Entrants
13
Summary of Flow Data
13
Stability of Estimates
14
Precision of Estimates
15
Initial Results
17
Accuracy of the Model
17
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
19
References
21
Appendix A:
An Examination of the Assumption of Zero Immigration
23
Appendix B:
Age Distribution of New Entrants
25
Appendix C:
Transition Rates
29
Appendix D:
Frequency Distribution of Coefficients of Variation
33
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List of Tables
1
Estimated Transition Rates by Type, Field, and Time Period
14
2
Estimated Range of Transition Rates by Type, Field, and Time Period
16
B-1
Age Distribution of New Entrants, 1973-1979
25
B-2
Age Distribution of New Entrants, 1979-1985
26
B-3
Age Distribution of New Entrants, 1985-1991
27
C-1
Mortality Rates and Retirement Rates, 1973-1991
29
C-2
Out-Migration Rates, 1973-1991
30
C-3
In-Migration Rates, 1973-1991
31
D-1
Frequency Distribution of Coefficients of Variation
33
