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OCR for page 69
Project Chairman Walter G. Reuter, Idaho National Engineenng Laboratory, Idaho
Fads
Technical Adviser John Landes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
SR-1350 Examination of Design CAter~a for Stiffened Plate Panels
Investigator Natale S. Nappi, Sr.
Contractor Designers and Planners, Inc., Arlington, Virginia
Objective Evaluate the effects of loadings such as vertical shear, membrane stress, and
torsion in the mathematic mode] for stress analysis of stiffened plate panels, and propose
revised design cistern as warranted.
Project Chairman Gary North, U.S. Mantime Administration, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser Hsien Yun Jan, Martech Inc., Neshanic Station, New Jersey
SR-1351 Hull Structure Concepts for Improved Producibility
Investigator John C. Daidola
Contractor M. Rosenblatt and Son, Inc., New York, New York
Objective Develop alternative structural system concepts for selected ship types that
decrease labor requirements in design' fabrication, and outfitting phases. The structural
systems should also be capable of low-cost maintenance dunng the life of a vessel.
Project Chairman Norman Hammer, U.S. Mantime Administration, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser James R. Wilkins, Jr., Wilkins Enterprise, Inc., Riva, Maryland
SR-1353 The Role of Human Error in the Design, Construction,
and Reliability of Manne Structures
Investigator Robert G. Bea
Contractor Ocean Eng~neenng Services, Moraga, California
Objective Perform a state-of-the-art assessment of the impact of human error
(nonphysical factors) on the safety of marine structures. It would be a first step toward
69
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reducing the risk of failures due to human error and establishing procedures and
guidelines to consider the effects of human error in design and the formulation of
structural design criteria.
Project Chairman John S. Spencer, American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, Texas
Technical Adviser Paul Fischbeck, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Marc Wilson, MiTech, Rockville, Maryland
SR-1354 Grounding Protection for Tankers
Investigator Tomas Wierzbicki
Contractor Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Objective Evaluate analytical methods to calculate the grounding energy-absorption
capability of double-hull tanker structures.
Project Chairman H. Paul Cojeen, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser none assigned
SR-1355 Inspection of Manne Structures
Investigator Robert Bea
Contractor University of California, Berkeley
Objective Survey current practices for inspection of marine structures to estimate costs
associated with venous inspection methods and to quantify, for various methods and
types of structures, the sensitivity of inspection methods and accuracy of measured levels
of corrosion and fatigue damage.
Project Chairman Lenny Pendexter, American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, Texas
Technical Adviser Rong T. Huang, Chevron Shipping Company, San Francisco,
California
SR-1356 Strength Assessment of Pitted Plate Panels
Investigator not yet determined
, ~
70
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Contractor not yet determined
Objective Develop a simple procedure to assess the strength and integrity of pitted and
grooved shell plate and other structural components of vessels in service. The procedure
will evaluate corrosion damage by determining an effective thickness of pitted plate.
Project Chairman not yet determined
Technical Adwser Maria Celia C. Ximenes, Chevron Shipping Company, San Francisco,
California
SR-1357 Retention of Weld Metal Properties and Hydrogen
Cracking
Investigator not yet determined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Develop a method for ensuring that required weld metal properties are
produced over the complete range of welding conditions, processes, and consumables
used dunng new construction and repair. Also, develop a reliable test for predictions of
weld-meta] cracking to allow establishment of safe conditions to facilitate introduction of
higher-strength and more-productive steels.
Project Chairman J. Allen Manuel. Naval Sea Systems Command, Arlington, Virginia
Technical Adviser Santiago Ibarra, Amoco Corp., Naperville, Illinois
SR-1358 Optunized Design Parameters for Welded TMCP Steels
Investigator not yet determined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Develop static, fatigue, and fracture strength requirements for high-strength
thermo-mechaTucal controlled-process (TMCP) steels and weldments.
Project Chairman William Hanzalek, American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, Texas
Technical Adwser Harold S Reemsnyder, Bethlehem Steel Corporation
71
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SR-1359 U.S.-Russian Cooperative Research Effort
Investigator Vladimir Ankudinov
Contractor Designers and Planners, Inc., Arlington, Virginia
Objective Contract to assess the depth of Russian technology in the area of ship
structures by conducting a shadow research effort parallel to selected existing or recent
SSC projects.
Project Chainnan Alexander Malakhoff, Naval Sea Systems Command, Arlington,
Virginia
Technical Adviser none assigned
SR-1360 Structural Maintenance Project
Investigator Robert Bea
Contractor University of California, Berkeley
Objective Continue research on structural maintenance programs, specifically: "A
Repair Management System," "Fatigue Classification of Critical Structural Details," and
"A Fatigue Study of Proposed Cntical Structural Details in Double-Hull Tankers."
Project Chairman H. Paul Cojeen, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser none assigned
SR-1362 Probability Based Design (Phase 4), Synthesis of the Reliability Thrust Area
Investigator not yet dete~ined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Provide a coherent synthesis of the projects in the reliability thrust area and
related SSC projects, as weld as the most recent developments that are likely to impact
manna-structural-reliability analysis and design. Provide a document that summarizes the
state of the art in marine structural reliability. This document would be the fundamental
reference for (~) development of a probability-based ship-structure design code, (2)
definition of procedures for performing failure analysis, and (3) reliability analysis for
existing ships.
72
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Project Chairman H. Paul Cojeen, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser not yet determined
SR-1363 Symposium and Workshop on the Prevention of Fracture in Ship Structures
Investigator John Landes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Contractor Committee on Manne Structures
Objective Provide the means for bnug~ng together experts in the fields of fatigue,
fracture, and reliability of marine structures and the researchers, designers, fabncators,
and operators of these marine structures, in order to rationally address causes and
remedies for the rash of structural failures occurring in ships.
Project Chairman Steve Alien, U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center,
Groton, Connecticut
Technical Adviser none assigned
SR-1364 Guidelines for Evaluation of Finite Element Models and Results
Investigator not yet determined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Develop a methodology for efficiently qualifying finite-element-method codes
and models for engineering analysis of ship structures. Provide guidelines for modeling in
typical marine applications and for rapid assessment of validity of results. Increase the
usefulness and confidence level of f~nite-element analyses in the design and evaluation of
ship structures. Establish the feasibility of developing specific guidelines for the
development and validity assessment of finite-element-method models and results.
Project Chairman Stephen Gibson, National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, Ontario
Technical Adviser none assigned
SR-1365 Optimal Strategies for Inspection of Ships for Fatigue and/or Corrosion
Damage
Investigator not yet determined
73
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Contractor not yet determined
Objective Develop an optimal strategy for inspection of ships in service. The focus will
be on tankers. Reduce maintenance costs for ships, while maintaining or improving
safety and reliability.
Project Chairman Philip G. Rynn, American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, Texas
Technical Adviser not yet determined
SR-1366 Corrosion Control of Inner-Bull Spaces
Investigator not yet determined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Investigate methods for controlling corrosion in the region between the inner
and outer hulls in new double-hulled designs that wall ensure safety and integrity of the
vessels. Feasible methods wall be ranked according to potential cost-effectiveness.
Mitigate corrosion in the interhull area of double-hulled vessels.
Project Chairman Gary Farmer, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser not yet determined
SR-1367 Design Guide for Manne Applications of Composites
Investigator not yet determined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Develop a guide for the safe and cost-effective design of composite
components for ships and offshore structures. A design guide for the application of
composites to marine structures would provide a valuable resource to ship and offshore
platform designers and fabncators.
--of rid
Project Chairman William M. Hayden, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser not yet determined
74
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SR-1368 Compensation for Openings in Structural Members
Investigator not yet determined
Contractor not yet determined
Objective Establish rational methodologies and guidelines for the determination of
appropriate compensation for small and large openings in primary structural members of
ships. Two sets of guidelines are required, one suitable for preliminary and contract
design and another for detailed design. The efficiency and reliability of structural
reinforcements around openings In Unman structure should be improved and their
design and construction be made less costly.
Project Chairman Stephen G. AIntson, American Bureau of Shipping, Arlington,
Virginia
Technical Adviser not yet determined
7s
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76
RESEARCHRECOMMENDATIONS FOR FYs 1998-1999
Summary Action is required by regulators, designers, fabricators, maintainers,
owners, and operators of ships to reduce the fracture-related failures in ships. The
CMS recommends that specific action be taken in the areas of design, loads,
inspection and repair, and communications. For design, develop a ship-detail
guidebook/standard; expand simplified fatigue analysis methods; gather additional
data on the fatigue strength of various large-scale ship details; and design ship
structure to include access for service inspections. For loads, develop a rigorous
approach for combining high- and low-frequency response; compute loads using
mechanics- and geometry-based simulations; develop a relatively inexpensive, easily
operated hull-stress monitoring system that provides reai-time feedback to the
operators; and quantify the degree of uncertainty in load predictions. For inspection,
develop guidelines for f~tness-for-purpose assessments; develop new inspection tools
and improve existing tools; and quantify the fatigue life of temporary repairs. For
communications, develop a cradle-to-grave ship structural integrity database system
that includes hull-stress monitoring, inspection, and repair data; develop and
promulgate a manual or library, sorted by levels of fatigue strength of predictable
standard details for fatigue resistance; educate and train future structural designers at
the undergraduate level in fatigue and fracture design methods; and use concurrent
engineering in ship design to include designers, owners, operators, fabricators, and
surveyors/inspectors in the process.
Project Chair Steve Allen, U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development
Center, Groton, Connecticut
Technical Adviser Committee on Marine Structures
SR-1364 Guideline for Evaluation of Finite Elements and Results (SSC-387)
(NTIS PB96-153077)
Investigator Roger Basu
Contractor Mi! Systems Engineering, Ottawa7 Ontario, Canada
Objective Develop a methodology for efficiently qualifying finite element
method codes and models for engineering analysis of ship structures. Provide
guidelines for modeling in typical marine applications and for rapid assessment of
validity of results. Increase the usefulness and confidence level of finite element
analyses in the design and evaluation of ship structures. Establish the feasibility
of developing specific guidelines for the development and validity assessment of
finite element method models and results.
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REVIEW OF COMPLETED PROJECTS
Projects completed since the 1992 annual report was published are listed In Table
5. Project descriptions follow, with the addition of a brief summary of the final report,
which represents the CMS's understanding of the results as reported by the author.
Project reports have been published, are in publication, or wall be available Tom
the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Spnngfield,
VA 22161. The N TIS numbers are given with each project description, along with the
SSC report number. NTIS numbers also appear in Table 6.
Many recent reports may be available from the Executive Director of the SSC.
Requests may be mailed to Commander Stephen E. Sharpe, Commandant (G-MI/SSC),
2100 Second Street, SW, Washington, DC 20593-0001.
TABLE 5 Completed Projects
Number Project Title
Page
SR-1330 Probability-based Ship Design Procedures: A Demonstration
SR-1333 Underwater Repair Procedures for Ship Hulls (Fatigue and Ductility of
Underwater Wet Welds) ..........................
SR-1334 Establishment of a Uniform Format for Data Reporting of Structural
Material Properties for Reliability Analysis
Probability-based Ship Design (Phase 2~: Loads and Load Combinations
Maintenance of Manne Structures A State-of-the-Art Summary
Measurement of Ice Loads on Ship Structures
SR-1337
SR-1347
SR-1348
78
78
79
79
80
81
77
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SR-1330 Probability-based Ship Design Procedures: A Demonstration (SSC-368)
(NTIS PB94-109675)
Investigator Alaa Mansour
Contractor Mansour Engineering, Inc., Berkeley, California
Objective Demonstrate the use of probabiliW-based ship design techniques, comparing
the process with the traditional method and using the example to identity additional
information that wall be required and obtained. In addition to demonstrating
probability-based design, the project will identify gaps in present knowledge and thereby
help define goals for follow-on projects in this thrust area.
Sununary The report gives two basic demonstrations that illustrate the development and
calibration of design criteria for uniform safely over a wide range of basic parameters
involved in design. It also applies the state-of-the-art reliability techniques to hull-g~rder
safety analysis of existing vessels. In doing both, a standardized structural reliability
terminology, limit states, and load extrapolation techniques are defined for future
projects. The report concludes with an evaluation of benefits and drawbacks of using the
method and gives recommendations for future research.
Project Chairman Norman O. Hammer, Mantime Administration, Washington, D.C.
Technical Advisers Paul A. Wirsching, University of Arizona, Tucson; James T. P. Yao,
Texas A&M University, College Station
SR-1333 Underwater Repair Procedures for Ship Bulls (Fatigue and Ductility of
Underwater Wet Welds) (SSC-370) (NTIS PB94-121936)
Investigator Kim Grubbs
Contractor CASDE Corporation, Torrance, California
Objective Expand the limited body of knowledge in the field of underwater welding for
ship repair by addressing and quantizing the characteristics of underwater wet welding
techniques and placing particular emphasis on fatigue characteristics on underwater wet
welds and the effect of low ductility of welds on structural performance.
Sunnnary Testing was performed on butt welds in 0.375 inch ASTM A36 steed wet
welded in 30 feet of fresh water with E7014 type electrodes. Fatigue strength for
specimens welded without backing bars was comparable with dry surface welds. The
fatigue life of wet-weld specimens with backing bars was 50 percent lower than that of
specimens without backing bars. Underwater welded butts in shell plating have adequate
78
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toughness if they are no closer than 6 inches to transverse frames, bulkheads, or other
stiff supporting structures. Detailed structural analysis should be made of other areas in
which underwater wet welds are to be performed.
Project Chairman Eugene Mitchell, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser Santiago Ibarra, Jr., Amoco Corporation, Naperv~le, Illinois
SR-1334 Establishment of a Uniform Format for Data Reporting of Structural Material
Properties for Reliability Analysis (SR-371) (NTIS PB94-121944)
Investigator L. Malik
Contractor Fleet Technology Limited, Kanata, Ontano, Canada
Objective Establish a uniform format for data reporting of matena] properties for
reliability analysis, and identifier testing conditions and procedures.
Summary The format developed in report SSC-352, "Marine Structural Steel Toughness
Data Bank," was modified to incorporate the requirements of reliability-based structural
design. A data hierarchy was developed to help users identify the relative importance of
the pieces of information in the data format. Recommendations concerning the
Implementation of the information in this study and additional work that would
complement the study are given.
Project Chairman J. Allen Manuel, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.C.
Technical Advisers Keith Ortiz, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New
Mexico; John R. Rumble, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland
SR-1337 Probability-based Ship Design (Phase 2~: Loads and Load Combinations
(SSC-373)
Investigator Alaa Mansour
Contractor Mansour Engineering, Inc., Berkeley, California
Objective Recommend load models, loads, data, and load-combination procedures for
use with the design-guide development, Phase 3 of the SSC probability-based ship design
thrust area, Implementation of Probability-based Design Guidelines."
79
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Summary Standard loads necessary for a probability-based design are identified,
including hull-g~rder loads and external and internal local loads. Combinations of
extreme loads are investigated at the forward and midship portions of a ship. Fatigue
loads are given a different treatment to determine their load ranges over the life of the
ship. Modeling errors are analyzed in terms of bias and coefficient of vanation. A
synthesis of load models and load combination procedures is recommended for ship
structural design. Analysis oriented procedures, which are more accurate, are also given.
Recommendations are made for future research in nonlinear response and in slamming
and their effect on load combinations.
~ ,
Project Chainnan Robert A. Sielski, Marine Board, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adwser Yi Kwei Wen, University of Illinois, Urbana
SR-1347 Maintenance of Marine Structures: A State-of-the-Art Summary (SSC-372)
(NTIS PB94-121952)
Investigator Robert Bea
Contractor Universitr of California, Berkeley
Objective Review and summarize past SSC and other work related to maintenance of
marine structures, and identify research needs.
Summary The topics discussed in the report include:
reliability-based design;
welding;
mechanical fastening techniques;
fatigue;
· nondestn~ctive testing; and
instrumentation.
In addition to the research report, a data base was developed to aid
researchers in finding SSC reports of interest to their specific topics.
Project Chairman Fred Seibold, Maritime Administration, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser none assigned
80
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SR-1348 Measurement of Ice Loads on Ship Structures
Investigator J. W. St. John
Contractor Science Technology Corporation, Columbia, Maryland
Objective Develop a data base on ice loads that could be used for probability-based
design approaches. Assess the effects of ship displacement, impact location, and hull
shape on the ice impact loads on icebreakers and other marine structures.
Summary Beginning in August 1992, the Nathaniel B. Palmer, a research vessel,
operated for three weeks in midwinter ice conditions, including first-year and second-
year ice. In addition to an instrumented bow panel, there were instrumented panels on
the starboard side, the transom, and on the bottom so that the relative magnitudes of the
impact loads could be compared for similar ice conditions but different hull locations.
Data from a total of 800 ice impact events were obtained using the four instrumented
hull panels.
This report covers phase I, that of instrumentation and data collection. Phase
2, analysis of the data gathered and a comparison study between different ice-load
measurement programs on different tvDes of icebreakers. wall be resorted later.
J 1.
Project Chairman Rubin Sheinberg, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
Technical Adviser none assigned
81
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TABLE 6 Cross-Reference of Ship Structure Comminee Project Numbers and Report
Numbers
SSC Report SR Project NT-IS
Number Number Number
330 1293 PB91-105965
331 1292 PB91-104935
332 1289 PB91-104943
333 1277 PB91-104950
334 1305 PB91-105957
335 1283 PB91-129254
336 1284 PB91-129262
337 1290 Part 1 PB91-133405
337 1290 Part 2 PB91-133413
338 1297 PB91-152330
339 1308 PB91-152759
340 1308 PB91-146191
341 1313 PB91-153635
342 1313 PB91-146209
343 1320 PB91-152124
344 1303 PB91-153262
345 1321 Part 1 PB91-149476
345 1321 Part 2 PB91-146043
346 1298 PB91-146043
347 1304 PB91-173070
348 1306 PB91-169748
349 1300 PB91-160325
350 1312 ADA-232630
351 1310 PB91-153304
352 1311 Abndged PB92-163294
version
352 1311 4-volume PB92-176296
set
353 1309 PB91-173328
354 1316 ADA-247671
355 1317 PB91-153270
356 1323 PB91-153288
357 1315 PB91-169730
358 1301 PB91-146035
359 1307 PB91-193458
360 1328 PB91-129270
361 1327 PB91-133421
362 1314 PB91-170241
363 1326 PB91-193441
364 1322 PB91-201343
365 1332 PB92-163286
366 1319 ADA-258160
367 1324 ADA-268409
367 1324 Appendu: PB94-102225
368 1330 PB94-109675
369 1336 PB94-121928
370 1333 PB94-121936
371 1334 PB94-121944
372 1347 PB94-121952
373 1337
-
SR Project
Number
SSC Report
Number
1277
1283
1284
1289
1290
1292
1293
1297
1298
1300
1301
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1313
1314
1315
133
13~,
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1326
1327
1328
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1336
1337
1347
1348
333
335
336
332
337
331
330
338
346
349
358
344
347
334
348
359
339
340
353
351
352
350
341
342
362
357
354
355
366
343
345
364
356
367
363
361
360
368
**
365
370
371
369
373
372
*
* To be assigned. Report numbers for all projects have not been assigned.
** Proceedings and Summa~y of National Conference on Use of Composite Materials in Load-beanog Marine Structures. 1990.
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
82
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APPENDIX A: LATER-YEAR POTENTIAL PROJECTS
IN SUPPORT OF THRUST AREAS
TABLE 7 Later-Years Potential Projects in Support of Thrust Areas. Sheet
Number Project Title
-
RELL`BILITY PROJECI S
95D-Q
95D-S
95D-T
95D-V
95M-D
95M-M
95M-R
95TC-A
95TC-C
95M-C
95M-S
95M-T
A Study of the Effects of Transport Route Profiles Upon the Fatigue
Failures of Shins
Consistent Stochastic Analysis Procedure for Design of Floating
Manne Structures e ~
Nonlinear Rolling of a Lightship Tanker and Other Shallow Draft
Structures . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Probabili~-Based Design (Phase 5~: Novel Hull Forms and
Environments (93-1) e ~ e · ~ -
Development of a Sensor for Evaluating Corrosion In Areas Not Easily
Accessed for Inspection ........
Development of Ductile Fracture Assessment Techniques for
Small Defects in Ship Structure Components (94-9) .............
Fracture Methodology for Strength Mismatched Weldments (94M-D
Post Yield Strength of Ship Structural Members . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiber Optic Strain Gauge ................................
COMPOSITES PROJECTS
Intelligent Composite Structure Development for Marine Applications
Long-Term Durability of Polymer-Based Composites and Corrosion at
Metal-Composite Interfaces (94M-K) ........................
Analysis and Design Technology Development for Manne Composite
Structures (94M-N)
85
86
88
89
91
92
93
94
95
95
97
98
83
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TABLE 7 Later-Years Potential Projects in Support of Thrust Areas. Sheet 2
.
Number Project Title
PRODUCIBILITY/COMPFIITIVENESS PROJECTS
95D-A
95D-B
95D-F
95D-K
95D-L
95M-E
95M-O
95M-V
95M-A
95M-B
95M-H
95M-N
95M-Q
95TC-B
Comparative Design of Orthogonally Stiffened Plates for Production
and St~ctura]]ntegn~ .................................
Use of Adhesives for Structural Bonding of Manne Structures (94D-S)
Design of Innovative Producible Manne Structures (94-~S revisers
Metncation Impact Assessment and Implementation Guide
Analysis/Companson of International versus U.S. Structural Standards
Perfonnance and Optimized Weld Metal Properties for 65,00~psi Yield
.
Strength Steel Plate
Heat Affected Zone Toughness of High-Heat-Input Welds (9~12)
Weldable Coatings for Ship Construction (94-~)
INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE PROJECTS
Retrofit of Manne Cathodic Protection Systems
High Cycle Fatigue of Welded, Cathodically Protected Structural
Steel in Sea Water . ...................
In Situ Nondestn~ctive Evaluation of Fatigue and Fracture Properties
for Aging Ship Structures . . .... . . . . . . .. . .
Threshold and Near-Threshold Corrosion Fatigue Testing of Manne
Steels (94-10) ~ ~ ~
Evaluation of Residual Stress Effects on Weldments Fracture Behavior
(94-19)
Standardized Approach to Methodology and Analysis of Ultrasonic
Inspections of Ship Structures . . . . . . . . . . .
100
102
103
105
106
107
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
84
Representative terms from entire chapter:
technical adviser
