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Marine Structures
Research Recommendations
Recommendations for the Interagency Ship Structure Committee's
FY 1995 and Later-Years Research Program
Committee on Marine Structures
Manne Board
National Research Council
NATIONAL, ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1994
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineenng, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the panel
responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate
balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the
National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a pnvate, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished
scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and
technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the
Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on
scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its
administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the
responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors
engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes
the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of
Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure
the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters
pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National
Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its
own initiative, to identity issues of medical care, research, and education. Dre Kenneth I. Shine is
president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies
determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National
Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government,
the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both
Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman
and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This report represents work supported under provisions of Contract DTCG23-93-C-EO1037
between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Coast Guard, acting for the Ship Structure
Committee. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of
Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States government and the Ship
Structure Committee assume no liability for the contents or use thereof.
Limited copies are available from
Marine Board
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue
Washington, DC 20418
Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Additional copies are for sale from
National Technical Information Senice
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
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COMMITTEE ON MARINE STRUClURES
The Committee on Dianne Structures (CMS) provides technical projections, reviews, and advice to
the interagency Ship Structure Committee (SSC) on a research program that addresses materials, design,
fabrication, and inspection related to marine structures. The appendices address the relationship of the
CMS, the SSC, the Ship Structure Subcommittee (SSSC), and liaison members.
PETER M. PALERMO, Chairman, Consultant Naval Engineering, Alexandria, Virginia
SUBRATA K CHAKRABARTI, Chicago Bridge ~ Iron Company, Plainfield, Illinois
BRUCE. G. COLLIPP, NAE, Consultant Marine Engineering, Houston, Texas
ROGER G. KLINE, Consultant- Naval Architect, Winona, Minnesota
JOHN LANDES, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
ROBERT G. LOEWY, NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
DESIGN WORK GROUP
SUBRATA K CHAKRABARTI, Chairman, Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Plainfield, Illinois
HOWARD M. BUNCH, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
PETER A GALE, John J. McMullen Associates, Arlington, Virginia
HSIEN YUN JAN, Martech Inc., Neshanic Station, New Jersey
JOHN NIEDZWECKI, Texas A&M University, College Station
SOLOMON C.S. YIM, Oregon State Universit,, Corvallis
MARIA CELIA C. XIMENES, Chevron Shipping Company, San Francisco, California
MATERIAIJi WORK GROUP
JOHN LANDES, Chairman, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
WILLIAM H. HARTZ, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
HAROLD S. REEMSNYDER, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
BARBARA ~ SHAW, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
JAMES M. SAWMILL, Jr., Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia
BRUCE R. SOMERS, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
JERRY G. WILLIAMS, Conoco, Inc., Ponca City, Oklahoma
STAFF
ROBERT ~ SIELSKI, Senior Staff Officer
CARLA D. MOORE, Administrative Assistant
. . .
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MARINE BOARD
JERRY R. SCHUBEL, Chairman, State University of New York, Stony Brook
JERRY A. ASPLAND, Arco Manne, Inc.
ANNE AYLWARD
ROBERT G. BEA, NAE, University of California, Berkeley
MARK Y. BERMAN, Amoco Production Co.
JOHN W. BOYLSTON, Argent Marine Operations, Inc.
JAMES M. COLEMAN, NAE, Louisiana State University
WIGWAM M. ETCHBAUM, World Wildlife Fund
EDWARD D. GOLDBERG, NAS, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
MARTHA GRABOWSKI, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
ROBERT W. KNECHT, University of Delaware
HENRY S. MARCUS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ASHISH J. MEHTA, University of Florida
J. BRADFORD MOONEY, NAE, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution
STEPHEN F. SCHMIDT, American President Lines, Ltd.
STEPHANIE R. THORNTON, Coastal Resources Center
JUDITH S. WElS, Rutgers University
ALAN G. YOUNG, Fugro-McCIelIand BV
STAFF
CHARLES A. BOOKMAN, Director
DONALD W. PERKINS, Associate Director
DORIS C. HOLMES, Staff Associate
IV
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ABSTRACT
This annual report of the Manne Board's Committee on Marine Structures
proposes updates to the 5-year research program of the Ship Structure Committee (SSC).
The SSC is an interagency body through which the U.S. Coast Guard, Naval Sea Systems
Command, Mantime Administration, Military Sealift Command, American Bureau of
Shipping, Transport Canada, and the Canadian Department of Defence coordinate their
research on structural integrity of marine structures. The SSC's research program is
intended to accommodate advanced concepts and long-range planrung, as weld as
research in technology areas of matenals cntena, loads and response, design methods,
fabrication and maintenance, and reliability.
The updated research program covers the fiscal years (FY) 1994-1998. The
report includes: (~) a comprehensive review of the entire research program, including
work performed in FY 1993 and the rationale for new projects proposed for FY 1995
and outlying years, (2) detailed project descriptions for the 16 new projects proposed for
FY 1995, and (3) brief summaries of recently completed projects and all active or
pending projects in the program. Three appendices provide detailed descnptions for
projects proposed for outlying years, background on the SSC and the Committee on
Manne Structures, and the approved Ship Structure Committee Strategic Plan.
The committee's report uses four thrust areas to relate its proposed new projects
to the Strategic Plan's goals and implementation strategies. The thrust areas are
reliability, composites, producibility/competitiveness, and inspection/maintenance.
v
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FOREWORD
The purpose of the Ship Structure Committee (SSC) is to promote safety,
economy, education, and marine environmental protection in the U.S. maritime industry
through the advancement of marine structures technology. The role of the Committee
on Manne Structures (CMS) is to advise the SSC on its program of research in matenals,
loading, response, design, fabncation, maintenance, inspection, and repair of marine
structures.
On June 8, 1992 the SSC promulgated the Ship Structure Committee Strategic
Plan, addressing national goals and SSC strategies in support of those goals. It provided
the focus for the research projects and programs addressed herein. Each of the projects
supports at least one of the national goals as well as at least one of the strategies of that
plan.
To support these goals and associated strategies, the CMS proposes a program
consisting of four specific thrust areas that wall help the SSC contribute to providing a
means to greatly enhance the design of ships and shipbuilding capability in the United
States, the inspectability and maintenance of aging ships, and safety of ships at sea.
The failures of bulk camers and weld cracking of structural members of Trans-Alaska
Pipeline Seance trade tankers are cause for concern. A large number of SSC projects
are related to reliability of marine structures. The CMS wild hold a short, hands-on
workshop addressing fracture assessments and the application of reliability methods to
read design problems. Challenges abound in this area, and the CMS plans to address
them. The results of the workshop wall be incorporated in future editions of Manne
Structures Research Recommendations, and may Icad to a new CMS thrust area.
Recognizing the strong interrelationship between materials and design, the two working
groups of the CMS, the Design Working Group and the Matenals Working Group, met
concurrently in June 1993. This fostered enhanced communications between the two
groups, which is reflected in the proposed projects for FY 1995 and later years. In
addition, the committee is implementing a more systematic and documented review of
finished projects. This watt ensure that any necessary technology extensions are
adequately identified and fully considered when future fiscal year recommendations are
submitted.
In November 1993, the SSC approved publishing the Manne StrucPures Research
Recommendations on a biennial basis as a means for providing more cost-e~ective advice.
Efforts are underway to define CMS operating procedures necessary to support biennial
recommendations, while retaining the same quality of product and timeliness of research
that had been achieved with annual reports. Discussions of research projects for later
years that are contained in this report provide a bridge for the preparation of future
biennial reports.
Three valued members have left the CMS. Bill Hartt, Mark Berman, and Rolf
Glassfeld completed their terms of appointment in June 1993. They wait be sorely
missed. They have been replaced by three highly qualified individuals, John Landes of
the University of Tennessee; Bruce Collipp, NAE, a marine engineering consultant from
Houston, Texas; and Roger Kline, a nave] architect consultant from Winona, Minnesota.
John Landes is the new chairman of the CMS Materials Work Group.
Peter M. Palermo
Chairman,
Committee on Marine Structures
. .
V11
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will ensure that any necessary technology extensions are adequately identified
and fully considered when future fiscal year recommendations are submitted.
Four members of the CMS completed their terms of service since the last
biennial report: Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Bruce G. Collipp, Roger G. Kline, and
Robert G. Loewy. Five new members have been appointed to the CMS: Howard
M. Bunch from the Office of Naval Research-Europe, Andrew Kendrick from
Fleet Technology; John M. Niedzwecki from Texas A&M University; Alan W.
Pense from Lehigh University; and Barbara A. Shaw from Pennsylvania State
University.
John D. Landes, Chair
Committee on Marine Structures
, . .
vat ~ ~
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . e ~ e ~ ~ ~ e e e e e ~ ~ e ~ e e e e e e e e ~ e ~ ~ ~ e
CMS Recommendations for Implementing the SSC Strategic Plan
Thrust Areas . e
Reliability e e e e
Composites . e e ~ e e ~
Producibility/Competitiveness
Inspection/Maintenance
RESEARCH PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT . e e e
Technology Areas e e e e e e e ~ e e e e e e e e ~ e e e
Relationship Among Strategic Plan, Technology Areas
and Thrust Areas e e
Matenals Critena ...............
Novel Marine Materials . .
Fracture e e ~ ~ e ~ e e
Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue
Loads and Response e e e e e e
Design Methods ..
Adequate Strength in Service . . .
Ship Hull Structural Design . . . e e e
Use of Newer High Performance Steels e e
Finite Element Modeling of Ship Structures
Fabncation and Maintenance Techniques
Inspection and Integrity e e e e e e
Repair of Mann e Structures e e e
Reliability
6
7
10
10
11
21
21
21
23
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
31
32
33
e ~ 34
35
36
36
e 39
e ~ e
Probabilibr-based Design Approach for Ship Structures
Reliability of Existing Ship Structures
Human Error and its Impact on Design
Development of International Standards
FISCAL YEAR 1995 PROJECT RECOMMENDATIONS
ACTIVE AND PENDrNG PROJECTS
REVIEW OF COMPLETED PROJECTS
APPENDIX A: LATER-YEAR POTENTIAL PROJECTS IN
SUPPORT OF THRUST AREAS
APPENDIX B: COMMl~l'l'L;E ON MARINE STRUCTURES AND
SHIP STRUCTURE COMMl'l'l'L;E ORGANIZATION AND
ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX C: SHIP STRUCTURE COMMlrl'l't;E STRATEGIC PLAN . . .
IX
63
77
83
,... 119
124
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3-
4.
5.
6.
8.
LIST OF TABLES
Recommended Projects in Support of Thrust Areas
Relationship Between the Strategic Plan, Thrust Areas'
and Technology Areas in the Research Plan
Proposed FY 1995 Projects
Active and Pending Proiects
Completed Projects
Cross-Reference of Ship Structure Committee Project
Numbers and Report Numbers .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Later-Year Potential Projects in Support of Thrust Areas
x
9
12
39
64
77
82
83
