Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "4 Calcium." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1997.

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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride

TABLE 4-1 Randomized Controlled Calcium Intervention Trials in Postmenopausal Women

	Calcium Intake (mg/day)			Relative Change in BMD or BMC in Calcium Group Compared with Placebo
Site	N	Diet	Supplement^a	Year 1	Year 2 or More, Annualized	Statistically Significant Change in BMD or BMC in Calcium Group Compared with Placebo
Spine
Early postmenopausal
Aloia et al., 1994^b	70	500	1,700	P^j	S or N	no
Dawson-Hughes et al., 1990	67	<400	500	S^h or N ⁱ	S	no
Elders et al., 1991^d	248	1,150	1,000 and 2,000	P	S or N	yes
Riis et al., 1987	25	~1,000^c	2,000	P	S or N	no
Late Menopausal
Dawson-Hughes et al., 1990	169	<400	500 (CCM)	P	S or N	yes
			500 (CC)	P	S or N	no
		400–	500 (CCM)	P	S or N	no
		650	500 (CC)	S or N	S or N	no
Prince et al., 1995	126	800	1,000	P	S or N	no
Reid et al., 1995	78	750	1,000	P	S or N	yes
Radius (Proximal)
Early postmenopausal
Aloia et al., 1994^b	70	500	1,700	S or N	P	no
Dawson-Hughes et al., 1990	67	<400	500	P	P	no
Prince et al., 1991^e	80	800	1,000	P	P	no
Riis et al., 1987	25	~1,000	2,000	P	P	yes
Late postmenopausal
Dawson-Hugheset al., 1990	169	<400	500 (CCM)	P	P	yes
			500 (CC)	P	S or N	yes
		400–650	500 (CCM)	P	P	no
			500 (CC)	P	P	no
Recker et al., 1996:
Prevalent vertebral fracture group	94	~450	1,200 (CC)	—	—	yes
Non-prevalent vertebral fracture group	99	~450	1,200 (CC)	—	—	no