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OCR for page 223
JACK ANDREW MORTON
1913-1971
BY MORGAN SPARKS
JACK A MORTON died on December 1 1, 1971, at the age of
fifty-eight. He had spent his entire professional career at Bell
Laboratories, where, at the time of his death, he was Vice-President
of Electronic Technology.
During his thirty-five-year Bell Labs career, which began in
1936, Mr. Morton made major contributions in the fields of electri-
cal circuit engineering, vacuum tube development, and transistor
and solid-state device development.
lack Morton was born on September 4, 1913, in St. Louis,
Missouri. He graduated from Wayne University in 1935 with a
Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering, and, upon
receiving a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from
the University of Michigan one year later, he joined Bell Labs.
His early years were devoted to research and development in
microwave technology. He conceived and developed high-
frequency transmission measuring methods that exceeded the
ranges of previously existing means by a factor of ten. Later he
aided the development of the grid-return amplifier at microwave
frequencies, an achievement that, by extending the range of early
radars, had an important effect on the course of World War II in
the Pacific.
After shifting to tube development, Mr. Morton designed a
close-spaced microwave tube that, thirty years later, is still the heart
of the transcontinental radio relay system for voice and TV trans-
223
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mission. The new features he pioneered in this tube were interelec-
trode spacings one-quarter of that used in any previous tube and a
specially developed long-life cathode coating with one-third the
thickness of then-current practice.
Shortly after the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1948,
Mr. Morton became the leader of a team responsible for the
development and introduction to manufacture of the first eco-
nomically and technically feasible transistor. He suggested the first
widely used equivalent circuit for the transistor, as well as methods
for finding other equivalent circuits. He also pointed out Important
stability conditions and devised a method widely used for measur-
ing minority carrier lifetime in semiconductors. He recognized
very early the importance of single-crystal material in the perform-
ance of semiconductor devices and supported enthusiastically the
development of that field. He contributed numerous suggestions in
the fields of semiconductor surface conduction phenomena, device
design, and metallurgical techniques.
In 1952 Mr. Morton became Assistant Director of Electronic
Component Development, and in 1953 he was named Director of
Transistor Development. Two years later he advanced to Executive
Director with broadened responsibilities in component develop-
ment, and in 1958 he became Vice-President of Electronic
Technology.
Mr. Morton served as Chairman of Bel} Labs' Education Com-
mittee from 1965 to 1968, and during these years he laid the
groundwork of a comprehensive in-hours continuing education
program for the professional staff. At the time of his death, he was
Chairman of the Bell Labs' Committee on Technical Management.
lack Morton was awarded many honors: honorable mention,
Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer, Eta Kappa Nu (1948~;
Wayne University Alumni Award (1951~; University of Michigan
Centennial—citation for contributions to science (19531; Honorary
Doctor of Science, Ohio State University (1954~; Honorary Doctor
of Science, Wayne University (19563; David Sarnoff Medal by IEEE
for "outstanding leadership and contributions to the development
and understanding of solid state electron devices" (1965~; election
to the National Academy of Engineering (1967~; IEEE Reliability
224
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Group Award (19691. Posthumously, the IEEE jack A. Morton
Medal was established to be awarded annually for "outstanding
contributions in the field of solid-state devices."
jack Morton was the author of numerous articles. His book,
Organizing for Innovation, was published simultaneously in the
United States and Japan in 1971. As inventor and coinventor, he
held twenty-four patents.
He was a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (TEEE), a Member of the Advisory Council of the School of
Engineering at Stanford University, a Member of the Visiting
Educational Committee at the University of Michigan, and Chair-
man of the Board of Trustees of the Rutgers Preparatory School.
He was also a Member of the honor societies Eta Kappa Nu, Tau
Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Phi Kappa Phi. He served on various
committees of the IEEE, the National Academy of Engineering, the
National Academy of Sciences, and the U.S. Government.
Jack Morton was a born innovator and a natural leader. Many
and diverse were his talents and interests. He approached problem
solving with a characteristic and unique mix of originality, vitality,
and uncanny insights. This led him to widely acclaimed contribu-
tions in the fields of electronics, education, management, and
corporate organization. In the words of James B. Fisk, President of
Bell Laboratories at the time of Morton's death, "Jack Morton was
one of those rare breeds of men who not only generate a vast
number of technological innovations themselves, but also develop
and inspire others to produce major innovations in concepts,
systems, and technology. He was a man who devoted his life to
propagating technical ideas and developing technical people, and
was able to blend management theory and management practice."
He was an incessant reader, an articulate writer, and an inspiring
speaker. His counsel was sought by many and was given freely.
Tragically, he died at the peak of his productive life. His ac-
complishments survive him and will continue to benefit technology
and society.
225
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component development
