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Page 429
B
Steering Committee Members'
Biographies
Alan W. Biermann is a professor of computer science at
Duke University. His research is in the areas of automatic
programming and natural language processing. In recent years, he
has developed, with the help of colleagues and students, a series
of voice-interactive dialogue systems for office applications,
equipment repair, and tutoring.
He has co-edited two books on automatic programming and is
author of Great Ideas in Computer Science: A Gentle
Introduction, The MIT Press, 1990 (second edition, 1997). He is
on the editorial boards of the Journal of Symbolic
Computation and the International Journal of Speech
Technology. Biermann received the BEE and MS degrees from The
Ohio State University in 1961 and a Ph.D. from the University of
California, Berkeley in 1968, all in electrical engineering and
computer science. He is a member of the Institute for Electrical
and Electronic Engineers, the Association for Computing Machinery,
the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), and
the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). He is a fellow
of the AAAI and past president of the ACL.
Tora Bikson is a senior scientist in RAND Corporation's
Behavioral Sciences Department. She received B.A., M.A., and Ph.D.
(1969) degrees in philosophy from the University of Missouri at
Columbia and M.A. and Ph.D. (1974) degrees in psychology from the
University of California
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OCR for page 429
Page 429
B
Steering Committee Members'
Biographies
Alan W. Biermann is a professor of computer science at
Duke University. His research is in the areas of automatic
programming and natural language processing. In recent years, he
has developed, with the help of colleagues and students, a series
of voice-interactive dialogue systems for office applications,
equipment repair, and tutoring.
He has co-edited two books on automatic programming and is
author of Great Ideas in Computer Science: A Gentle
Introduction, The MIT Press, 1990 (second edition, 1997). He is
on the editorial boards of the Journal of Symbolic
Computation and the International Journal of Speech
Technology. Biermann received the BEE and MS degrees from The
Ohio State University in 1961 and a Ph.D. from the University of
California, Berkeley in 1968, all in electrical engineering and
computer science. He is a member of the Institute for Electrical
and Electronic Engineers, the Association for Computing Machinery,
the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), and
the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). He is a fellow
of the AAAI and past president of the ACL.
Tora Bikson is a senior scientist in RAND Corporation's
Behavioral Sciences Department. She received B.A., M.A., and Ph.D.
(1969) degrees in philosophy from the University of Missouri at
Columbia and M.A. and Ph.D. (1974) degrees in psychology from the
University of California
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Page 430
at Los Angeles. Since 1980, Dr. Bikson's research has
investigated properties of advanced information technologies in
varied user contexts, addressing such issues as what factors affect
the successful incorporation of innovative tools into ongoing
activities; how these new work media influence group structures and
interaction processes; what impact they have on task and social
outcomes as well as user satisfaction; and what individuals and
organizations need to know to use them effectively. She has pursued
these questions as principal investigator for projects funded by
NSF, the Office of Technology Assessment, and the John and Mary R.
Markle Foundation. Her work emphasizes field research design,
intensive case studies, and large-scale cross-sectional studies
addressed to the use of computer-based tools in organizational
settings. Dr. Bikson is a member of Data for Development (a United
Nations' Secretariat providing scientific guidance on the use of
information systems in developing countries) and a technical
consultant to the U.N. Advisory Commission on the Coordination of
Information Systems. She is a frequent reviewer for professional
papers and has authored a number of journal articles, book
chapters, and research reports on the implementation of new
interactive media. She is a member of the AAAS, ACM, APA (fellow),
Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, and the Society
for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. Dr. Bikson recently
served on the NRC's CSTB Committee to Study the Impact of
Information Technology on the Performance of Service
Activities.
Thomas A. DeFanti, Ph.D., is director of the Electronic
Visualization Laboratory (EVL), a professor in the department of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and director of the
Software Technologies Research Center at the University of Illinois
at Chicago (UIC). He is also the associate director for virtual
environments at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications
(NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
DeFanti is an internationally recognized expert in computer
graphics. In the 24 years he has been at UIC, DeFanti has amassed a
number of credits, including: use of his graphics language and
equipment for the computer animation produced for the first Star
Wars movie; early involvement in video game technology long before
video games became popular; contributor and co-editor of the 1987
NSF-sponsored report Visualization in Scientific Computing;
recipient of the 1988 ACM Outstanding Contribution Award; an
appointment in 1989 to the Illinois Governor's Science Advisory
Board; and, his appointment as a University Scholar for 1989-1992.
DeFanti is also a Fellow of the Association of Computing Machinery.
He serves on the Technical
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Advisory Board of the Internet II and is a co-principal
investigator of the National Computational Science Alliance.
Gerhard Fischer is director for the Center for Life-Long
Learning and Design (L3D) at the
University of Colorado at Boulder. He is also a professor in the
Computer Science Department and a member of the Institute of
Cognitive Science at the University of Colorado. Dr. Fischer's
research interests are human computer communication, artificial
intelligence, and education and computers, design, cognitive
science, and software engineering. He is a member of the
Association for Computing Machinery, American Association for
Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, Gesellschaft für
Informatik, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and
Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. Dr. Fischer has
written extensively in his field. He received his M.A. in
mathematics from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, his Ph.D.
in computer science from the University of Hamburg, Germany, and a
degree in habilitation in computer science at the University of
Stuttgart, Germany.
Barbara J. Grosz is Gordon McKay Professor of Computer
Science in the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences at
Harvard University. She has written several seminal papers in
discourse processing, and developed the discourse component of a
number of natural language processing systems. She is widely
regarded as having established the research field of computational
modeling of discourse. A fellow of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and the American Association for Artificial
Intelligence (AAAI), she is past president of the AAAI, was chair
of IJCAI-91, and is a member and former chair of the Board of
Trustees of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial
Intelligence, Incorporated. Her current research encompasses four
problem areas: computational theories of discourse and discourse
processing, computational models of collaborative planning,
investigations of the interactions between intonation and
discourse, and techniques for combining natural language and
graphics. Before joining the faculty at Harvard, she was director
of the Natural Language program at SRI International, and
co-founder of the Center for the Study of Language and Information.
Professor Grosz received an A.B. in mathematics from Cornell
University and a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of
California, Berkeley.
Thomas Landauer is a professor of psychology and fellow
of the Institute of Cognitive Science at the University of
Colorado. He received his
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B.A. in anthropology in 1954 from the University of Colorado,
his M.A. in anthroplogy and psychology in 1958, and his Ph.D. in
social psychology in 1960. His work includes basic and applied
research, prototype building and testing, exploratory development,
and design-methodology studies on a variety of topics, including
(1) electronic text delivery systems (hypertext, digital libraries,
multimedia), (2) simplified e-mail for residential use, (2)
advanced information retrieval methods, e.g., Latent Semantic
Indexing (LSI), fisheye views, and unlimited aliasing, (3) methods
for evaluating and improving user interfaces, e.g., heuristic
evaluation, (4) empirical and theoretical studies of interface
design issues, e.g., command names and menu organization, and (5) a
wide variety of other topics, including cryptographic time stamping
for digital documents, neural nets for speech recognition, and
computer-enhanced communication sytems (MUDs). He was awarded a
fellowship with the AAAS and the American Psychological Association
(APA) (experimental psychology and engineering psychology) and is a
charter member of the American Psychological Society (APS). Dr.
Landauer has two patents, one pending, on software design for text
and multimedia information retrieval using Latent Semantic
Indexing.
John Makhoul received his B.S. degree in electrical
engineering from the American University of Beirut in 1964, his
M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Ohio State
University in 1965, and his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering
from MIT in 1970. Dr. Makhoul is chief scientist for Speech and
Signal Processing at BBN Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and
a research affiliate with the Speech Communication Laboratory at
MIT. Dr. Makhoul conducts research in speech analysis, synthesis,
and compression, speech enhancement, automatic speech recognition,
neural networks, and digital signal processing, including linear
prediction, spectral modeling, lattice structures, and adaptive
filtering. Dr. Makhoul is a fellow of the IEEE and of the
Acoustical Society of America.
Bruce Tognazzini, a leading authority on software design,
has been designing human-machine interfaces for more than 35 years.
At Apple, he headed up both the Apple II and Macintosh human
interface efforts. At SunSoft, as distinguished engineer in the
Office of Strategic Technology, he led the Starfire project,
outlining the future of computing. He is currently chief designer
at Healtheon, a new start-up devoted to moving the medical industry
onto the Internet. ''Tog" has written dozens of papers, articles,
and columns, is a contributing author of three books on human
interface design, and is the sole author
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of two books, Tog on Interface and Tog on Software
Design, both from Addison-Wesley.
Gregg Vanderheiden is a professor in the Human Factors
Division of the Department of Industrial Engineering at the
University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is also director of Trace
Research and Development Center at the Waisman Center at the
University of Wisconsin. He received his B.S. in electrical
engineering (1972), M.S. in biomedical engineering (1974), and
Ph.D. in technology in communication, rehabilitation, and child
development, all from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is
the principal investigator on more than 140 grants and projects in
the area of rehabilitation engineering, access to national and
next-generation information systems, computer access systems, and
augmentative communication and writing for children and adults with
disabilities. His activities include research, development,
commercial facilitation, information summary, and training
(pre-service and in-service). Dr. Vanderheiden has worked with
industries on topics in a wide range of areas relating to more
flexible interface design, disability access, and nomadicity.
Interface extensions from Dr. Vanderheiden's work are included in
most all of the major operating systems today, including MacOS,
Windows 95, Windows NT, OS/2, and Unix/X-Windows.
Stephen Weinstein is employed at NEC America,
Incorporated. Prior to that, he was a member of the Multimedia
Communications Research Division at Bell Communications Research.
His research concentrations are network communication of data,
modems, and information transfer and retrieval. He is a fellow of
IEEE and received the Centennial Medal from IEEE in 1984. Dr.
Weinstein received his S.B. in 1960 from MIT, his M.S. in 1962 from
the University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in 1966 in electrical
engineering from the University of California.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
artificial intelligence
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