treatment matching, 82

treatment setting, 75-78

use trends, 24, 25

warning labels, 57-58

withdrawal effects, 171-172

Alcoholics Anonymous, 76-77

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 97

Amphetamine neurobiology, 41

Animal studies, 39

alcohol addiction risk, 47-48

recent research, 195-197

relapse processes, 165-166

research needs, 164

Antabuse^®, 79, 81

Antisocial personality, 57

Anxiety disorder, 57

Assessment and diagnosis

addiction severity measures, 76

in primary care settings, 63

treatment setting decisions, 76

Attention deficit disorder, 57

Attitudes and beliefs

moralistic view of addiction, 139-140

as risk/protective factors, 3, 55-56

B

B/START, 7, 132

Behavioral sciences, 134, 201-203

Behavioral therapies, 79, 80

Board certification/examination, 5, 101, 104, 106, 110

Brief therapy, 79

Buprenorphine, 85, 200

C

Calcium channel regulation, 171-172

Career development awards, 7, 116, 120, 132

Career Teacher Training Program, 6, 108, 109, 120

Causes of addiction

conceptual model, 1, 9-10 n.1

See also Initiation

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, 30

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 30

Chemical dependency programs, 77

Clinical practice guidelines, 76, 79

Cocaine use/abuse

crack/free base, 44-45

demographic patterns, 19

neurobiology of, 40, 41, 44-45, 49

pharmacotherapy, 81-82, 164-165

psychosocial interventions, 80

treatment effectiveness, 73

treatment matching, 82-83

treatment settings, 75-78

Community reinforcement, 79

Conduct disorder, 57

Costs, 16

disease comparison, 28, 30

of drug abuse and addiction, 2, 11, 25-28, 30, 32

health care, 2, 19

indirect/related, 25

morbidity/mortality, 27

of treatment vs. interdiction, 32

of undiagnosed addictive disorders, 63

Credentialing and licensing, recommendations for, 6, 106, 111

Criminal justice funding, 30, 33

Cues, behavioral, 46, 56, 165-166

D

D.A.R.E., 64

Delivery mechanisms, 44-45

nicotine gums and patches, 86-87

Dependence

definition, 13, 14

neurobiology, 46

Depression, 57, 141-142

in cocaine addiction, 83

Desipramine, 80

Detoxification, 74

in opioid addiction treatment, 83

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, 15

Disease model, 1, 9-10 n.1, 13, 37-38

pediatric onset, 19

personal agency and, 48

public education, 144

vs. moralistic view of addiction, 139-140

Disulfiram, 79, 81