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Environmental Epidemiology, Volume 2: Use of the Gray Literature and Other Data in Environmental Epidemiology (1997)
National Research Council (NRC)

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. "3 Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology." Environmental Epidemiology, Volume 2: Use of the Gray Literature and Other Data in Environmental Epidemiology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1997.

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TABLE 3-1 Parameters Required to Calculate Potential and Internal Dose

Airborne contaminant

Water contaminant

I. Concentrations (µg/m3,ppb)

I. Concentration (µg/L,ppm)

   A. Microenvironments

   A. Tap water

   B. Personal

   B. Water uses

 

   C. Effluent

II.  Patterns of exposure

      1. Industrial

   A. Intensity "episode" concentrations versus normal levels (average)

      2. Commercial

 

      3. Residential

   B. Frequency and duration of contact

      4. Uncontrolled dumps

III. Transport

II. Patterns of exposure

   A. Dispersion and advection

   A. Drinking

   B. Other meteorology related to removal rates (washout, fallout)

   B. Swimming

 

   C. Cooking

   C. Indoor ventilation and removal rates

   D. Bathing

 

   E. Laundry

IV. Chemistry

   F. Showering

   A. Formation rates

 

   B. Transformation rates

III. Solubility of contaminant

V. Deposition rate (µg/cm2)

IV. Volatility of contaminant

   A. Environmental

 

   B. Lung

V. Transport

 

   A. Groundwater

VI. Contact

   B. Surface water

   A. Inhalation (dependent on exercise regime)(m3/time)

   C. Domestic supply

   B. Dermal deposition and permeability (µg/cm2/time)

VI. Chemistry

 

   A. Formation rates

   C. Ingestion (food, soil)(µg/g/time)

   B. Transformation rates

 

   C. Degradation

VII. Absorption

 

   A. Within tissue

VII. Contact rate (µg/L/time) via exposure route

   B. Into the blood and other fluids

   

 

   A. Ingestion

 

   B. Skin

 

   C. Inhalation (volatilized)

 

VIII. Absorption

 

   A. Dermal deposition and permeability

 

   B. Gastrointestinal tract

 

Source: Reprinted with permission from Lioy, 1990. Copyright 1990 American Chemical Society.

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