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Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
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Glossary and Acronyms


ACS

American Cancer Society.

AIBS

American Institute of Biological Sciences.

Amplification

a process for producing an increase in pertinent genetic material.

ASBREM

Armed Services Biomedical Research Evaluation and Management Committee.

ASCN

American Society for Clinical Nutrition.

ASCO

American Society of Clinical Oncology.

ASNS

American Society for Nutritional Sciences.

Ataxia telangiectasia

autosomal recessive disorder of the nervous system; carriers of the gene are more sensitive to radiation and have a higher risk of cancer.

Atypical hyperplasia

proliferation of cells showing nuclear atypicality, especially as scattered cells.


BAA

Broad Agency Announcement.

BCL1

cell cycle gene overexpressed in parathyroid adenomas and breast cancers; rearranged in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; also known as PRAD1 and Cyclin D1.

BCRP

Breast Cancer Research Program.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
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BRCA1 and BRCA2

tumor-suppressor genes thought to be linked to genetic breast and ovarian cancer.


Carcinoma in situ

a lesion observed most commonly in stratified squamous epithelium and characterized by cytological changes of the types associated with invasive carcinoma, but with the pathologic process limited to the lining epithelium and without histologic evidence of extension to adjacent structures.

CDA

Career Development Award.

CRISP

Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects.

CT scan

computed tomography scan. Works by using radiation to visually cut parts of the body in cross-sectional slices.


DHHS

Department of Health and Human Services.

Digital mammography

technique of using a dedicated electronic detector system to computerize and display the x-ray information from conventional mammography.

DOD

Department of Defense.

DOE

Department of Energy.

DROLS

Defense Research On-Line System.

DTIC

Defense Technical Information Center.

Ductal carcinoma in situ

ductal cancer cells that have not grown outside of their site of origin, sometimes referred to as precancer.

DVA

Department of Veteran Affairs.

DWHRP

Defense Women's Health Research Program.


ERBB2

V-erb avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2; also known as NEU and HER2.


FedRIP

Federal Research in Progress.

FHIT

Fragile histidine triad gene. A tumor suppressor gene mutated in lung, head and neck, intestinal, and breast cancers.


Gene

a functional unit of heredity which occupies a specific place or locus on a chromosome.


HBCU/MIs

Historically black colleges and universities and other minority institutions.

HER2

V-erb avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2; also known as ERBB2 and NEU.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×

HRT

hormone replacement therapy.

HUSB

transgenic mouse husbandry.

Hyperplasia

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, excluding tumor formation, whereby the bulk of the part or organ may be increased.


IDEA

Innovative Developmental and Exploratory Awards.

INFO

information systems.

Invasive cancer

cancers capable of growing beyond their site of origin and invading neighboring tissue.

IOM

Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.

IP

Integration Panel.


Lactiferous gland

milk-producing glands.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

a dominant cancer syndrome in which gene carriers have a high risk of childhood sarcomas, early onset breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and adrenocortical carcinoma.

Lobular carcinoma in situ

abnormal cells within the lobule which do not form lumps; can serve as a marker of future cancer risk.

Lymphedema

swelling as a result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes and the accumulation of large amounts of lymph in the affected region.


Malignant

in reference to a neoplasm, having the property of locally invasive and destructive growth and metastasis; cancerous.

Mammography

roentgenographic examination of the breast by means of x-rays, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance, and so on.

Metastasis

spread of cancer to another organ, usually through the bloodstream.

Micrometastases

microscopic and as yet undetectable spread of tumor cells to other organs.

Monoclonal antibody

an antibody produced by a clone or genetically homogenous population of hybrid cells; hybrid cells are cloned to establish cell lines producing a specific antibody

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging.

MYC

protooncogene homologous to myelocytomatosis virus.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×

NAPBC

National Action Plan on Breast Cancer.

NBCC

National Breast Cancer Coalition.

NCI

National Cancer Institute.

Neoplasm

new growth; tumor.

NEU

V-erb avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2; also known as ERBB2 and HER2.

NIA

New Investigator Award.

NIH

National Institutes of Health.

Noninvasive cancer

malignant tumors that do not spread throughout the body tissues

NSF

National Science Foundation.

Nulliparous

never having borne children.


OIA

Other Investigator-Initiated Award.

Oncogenes

tumor genes present in the body that can be activated by carcinogens and cause cells to grow uncontrollably.


PET

positron emission tomography.

p53

tumor suppressor gene.

Phytoestrogen

estrogen compounds in plants.

PMT

Program Management Team.

POST

postdoctoral fellowships.

PRAD1

cell cycle gene overexpressed in parathyroid adenomas and breast cancers, rearranged in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; also known as BCL1 and Cyclin D1.

PREF

predoctoral fellowships.

PTP

predoctoral training programs.


Radionucleotide imaging

injection of radioactive agents which accumulate in cancer cells and can be detected.

Radiotherapy

medical specialty concerned with the use of electromagnetic or particulate radiations in the treatment of disease.

RaDiUS

Research and Development in the U.S. Database.

REG

enhancement of existing cancer registries or new registries of high-risk individuals.

Retinoids

class of keratolytic drugs derived from retinoic acid.

RTA

Research Technical Assistant.

RTP

Research with Translational Potential.


SAIC

Science Applications International Corporation.

SBA

Small Business Administration.

SBIR

Small Business in Research Program.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×

SDBs

Small Disadvantaged Businesses.

SHAR

other innovative shared resources.

Somatic mutation

uninherited mutation.

Systemic therapy

treatment involving the whole body, usually using drugs.


Transformation

morphological and physiological changes resulting from infection of the cell by an oncogenic virus, and the subsequent cell-virus coexistence.

TSG101

tumor-suppressor gene mutated in breast cancers.


UIS

United Information Systems, Inc.

USAMRAA

U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity.

USAMRMC

U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture.


Virtual reality imaging

interactive computer graphic simulations that can be used to provide a three-dimensional visualization of an organ or tissue.

Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
Page 128
Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
Page 129
Suggested Citation:"Glossary and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1997. A Review of the Department of Defense's Program for Breast Cancer Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5808.
×
Page 130
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According to current statistical data, one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer. The five-year survival rate for breast cancer patients has improved in recent years, but the overall mortality rates have changed little. In 1993 Congress allocated $210 million for breast cancer research as part of the Department of Defense budget. An Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee was convened at that time to advise the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command on strategies for managing a breast cancer research program. This book evaluates the program's management and achievements to date. Although it is too early to evaluate the program in terms of breakthrough results and new insights produced by the funded projects or investigators, this book documents the process used to select research proposals for funding and analyzes the portfolio of funded projects in terms of their responsiveness to the recommendations and fundamental questions articulated in the 1993 IOM report.

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