CAT or CT

computed axial tomography

CDR

complementarity-determining region

CLA

cutaneous lymphocyte associated

CMNR

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

CT

cholera toxin

CTB

cholera toxin B-subunit

CV

coefficient of variation

CVD

cardiovascular disease

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DB

Douglas bag

DHHS

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

DIS

Distributed Interactive Simulation

DLW

doubly labeled water

DPA

dual-photon absorptiometry

DTH

delayed hypersensitivity

DXA or DEXA

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

ECFV

extracellular fluid volume

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay

EMA

effective mechanical advantage

EPI

Echo Planar Imaging

EST

expressed sequence tag

FACScan

Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter

FCM

Foot Contact Monitor

FeO₂

fractional concentration of oxygen in expired air

FeCO₂

fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air

F_IO₂

fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air

FAD

flavin-adenine dinucleotide

FFA

free fatty acids

FFM

fat-free mass

FMN

flavin mononucleotide

G-6-P

glucose-6-phosphate

GC-MS

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HCSM

Hierarchical Concurrent State Machine

HECA

human endothelial cell associated

HMMWV

high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle

HU

Hounsfield units

HW

hydrostatic weighing

I/B

intake balance

IDS

Iowa Driving Simulator

IEL

intraepithelial lymphocyte

IFNγ

interferon gamma

IG

Image Generator

IL

interleukin

Front Matter (R1-R18)

I Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2)

1 Project Overview and Committee Summary (3-50)

2 Committee Responses to Questions, Conclusions and Recommendations (51-68)

II The Current Army Program and Its Future Needs (69-70)

3 Emerging Technologies in Nutrition Research for the Military: Overview of the Issues (71-78)

III Techniques of Body Composition Assessment (79-80)

4 Military Application of Body Composition Assessment Technologies (81-126)

5 Imaging Techniques of Body Composition: Advantages of Measurement and New Uses (127-150)

6 Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Research Issues, and Equipment (151-168)

7 Bioelectrical Impedance: A History, Research Issues, and Recent Consensus (169-192)

Part III Discussion (193-198)

IV Tracer Techniques for the Study of Metabolism (199-200)

8 Stable Isotope Tracers: Technological Tools That Have Emerged (201-214)

9 Measurement of Energy Substrate Metabolism Using Stable Isotopes (215-230)

10 Combined Stable Isotope-Positron Emission Tomography for In Vivo Assessment of Protein Metabolism (231-258)

11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Liver and Muscle Glycogen Metabolism in Humans (259-272)

Part IV Discussion (273-278)

V Ambulatory Techniques for Measurement of Energy Expenditure (279-280)

12 Doubly Labeled Water for Energy Expenditure (281-296)

13 Measurement of Oxygen Uptake with Portable Equipment (297-314)

14 Advances in Ambulatory Monitoring: Using Foot Contact Time to Estimate the Metabolic Cost of Locomotion (315-344)

15 Noninvasive Measurement of Plasma Metabolites Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (359-360)

Part V Discussion (361-362)

VI Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Nutrition (363-374)

16 The Role of Metals in Gene Expression (375-388)

17 Metabolic Regulation of Gene Expression (389-400)

18 Use of Isolated-Cell and Metabolic Techniques Applied to Vitamin Transport and Disposition (401-414)

19 Assessment of Cellular Dysfunction During Physiologic Stress (415-416)

VII Assessment of Immune Function (417-430)

20 The Validity of Blood and Urinary Cytokine Measurements for Detecting the Presence of Inflammation (431-450)

21 New Approaches to the Study of Abnormal Immune Function (451-500)

Part VI and VII Discussion (501-504)

VIII Functional and Behavioral Measures of Nutritional Status (505-506)

23 Involuntary Muscle Contraction to Assess Nutritional Status (507-518)

24 Application of Cognitive Performance Assessment Technology to Military Nutrition Research (519-532)

25 New Techniques for Assessment of Mental Performance in the Field (533-550)

26 The Iowa Driving Simulator: Using Simulation for Human Performance Measurement (551-568)

Part VIII Discussion (569-576)

Appendixes (577-578)

Appendix A: Workshop Agenda (579-584)

Appendix B: Biographical Sketches (585-604)

Appendix C: Abbreviations (605-608)

Appendix D: Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research - A Selected Biography (609-680)

Index (681-711)