RF

radio-frequency

R_f

respiratory rate

RLW

Ration, Lightweight

RMSE

root mean square error

SCID

severe combined immunodeficiency

SEC

standard error of calibration

SEE

standard error of the estimate

SIRS

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

SIS

stress intrusion score

SRE

sterol response element

SREBP

SRE-binding protein

STPD

standard temperature and pressure, dry gas

TEEM 100

Total Energy Expenditure Measurement system

TBBM

total body bone mineral content

TBW

total body water

TG

triglyceride

Th1

T-helper 1 cell

TNF-a

tumor necrosis factor-alpha

URI

upper respiratory infections

USAMRMC

U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command

USARIEM

U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

carbon dioxide production

E

expired minute ventilation

I

inspired minute ventilation

maximal oxygen uptake

WHO

World Health Organization

WHR

waist-to-hip circumference ratio

Front Matter (R1-R18)

I Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2)

1 Project Overview and Committee Summary (3-50)

2 Committee Responses to Questions, Conclusions and Recommendations (51-68)

II The Current Army Program and Its Future Needs (69-70)

3 Emerging Technologies in Nutrition Research for the Military: Overview of the Issues (71-78)

III Techniques of Body Composition Assessment (79-80)

4 Military Application of Body Composition Assessment Technologies (81-126)

5 Imaging Techniques of Body Composition: Advantages of Measurement and New Uses (127-150)

6 Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Research Issues, and Equipment (151-168)

7 Bioelectrical Impedance: A History, Research Issues, and Recent Consensus (169-192)

Part III Discussion (193-198)

IV Tracer Techniques for the Study of Metabolism (199-200)

8 Stable Isotope Tracers: Technological Tools That Have Emerged (201-214)

9 Measurement of Energy Substrate Metabolism Using Stable Isotopes (215-230)

10 Combined Stable Isotope-Positron Emission Tomography for In Vivo Assessment of Protein Metabolism (231-258)

11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Liver and Muscle Glycogen Metabolism in Humans (259-272)

Part IV Discussion (273-278)

V Ambulatory Techniques for Measurement of Energy Expenditure (279-280)

12 Doubly Labeled Water for Energy Expenditure (281-296)

13 Measurement of Oxygen Uptake with Portable Equipment (297-314)

14 Advances in Ambulatory Monitoring: Using Foot Contact Time to Estimate the Metabolic Cost of Locomotion (315-344)

15 Noninvasive Measurement of Plasma Metabolites Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (359-360)

Part V Discussion (361-362)

VI Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Nutrition (363-374)

16 The Role of Metals in Gene Expression (375-388)

17 Metabolic Regulation of Gene Expression (389-400)

18 Use of Isolated-Cell and Metabolic Techniques Applied to Vitamin Transport and Disposition (401-414)

19 Assessment of Cellular Dysfunction During Physiologic Stress (415-416)

VII Assessment of Immune Function (417-430)

20 The Validity of Blood and Urinary Cytokine Measurements for Detecting the Presence of Inflammation (431-450)

21 New Approaches to the Study of Abnormal Immune Function (451-500)

Part VI and VII Discussion (501-504)

VIII Functional and Behavioral Measures of Nutritional Status (505-506)

23 Involuntary Muscle Contraction to Assess Nutritional Status (507-518)

24 Application of Cognitive Performance Assessment Technology to Military Nutrition Research (519-532)

25 New Techniques for Assessment of Mental Performance in the Field (533-550)

26 The Iowa Driving Simulator: Using Simulation for Human Performance Measurement (551-568)

Part VIII Discussion (569-576)

Appendixes (577-578)

Appendix A: Workshop Agenda (579-584)

Appendix B: Biographical Sketches (585-604)

Appendix C: Abbreviations (605-608)

Appendix D: Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research - A Selected Biography (609-680)

Index (681-711)