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ENG - BERING EDUCATION AND
PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES
Continuing
Education
of Er~neers
Panel on Continuing Education
Committee on the Education and Utilization
of the Engineer
Commission on Engineering and
Technical Systems
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1985
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NATIONALACADEMY PRESS · 2101 ConstitutionAve., NW
.
Washington, DC 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Goveming
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Insti-
tute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen
for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences
in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's
purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council
operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the
authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private,
nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the princi-
pal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy
of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the
scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and
the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of
Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences.
Support for this work has been provided by the National Science Foundation, the
Department of the Air Force, the Department of the Army, the Department of Energy, the
Department of the Navy, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Addi-
tionally, assistance has been provided through grants from the Eastman Kodak Company,
Exxon Corporation, the General Electric Company, the IBM Corporation, the Lockheed
Corporation, the Monsanto Company, and the Sloan Foundation.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 85-62019
ISBN 0-309-03593-7
Printed in the United States of America
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Preface
This report of the Panel on Continuing Education was prepared as
part of the study of engineering education and practice in the United
States that was conducted under the guidance of the National Research
Council Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer.
A summary of the material from this report is included in the report of
the committee; * the various topics are addressed in more detail here.
It was a great pleasure to work with the Panel on Continuing Educa-
tion in the generation of this report and in support of the major study of
the Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer. I
would like to thank the members of the panel for their help in the
preparation of this report which reviews the total spectrum of activities
in continuing education and highlights the needs for continuing educa-
tion in the utilization of engineers in our society. Finally, I want to
thank terrier Haddad and lordan Baruch for their valuable and helpful
support and guidance in the studies that were undertaken. Also, I par-
ticularly want to thank the staff who so diligently supported our activi-
ties during the course of this study and the production of the report.
Morris A. Steinberg
Chairman
*Engineering Education and Practice in the United States: Foundations of Our
Techno-Economic Future (Washington, D. C .: National Academy Press, 1985 ~ .
. . .
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Panel on Continuing Education
MORRIS A. STEINBERG, Chairman, Vice-President, Science, Lockheed
Corporation
RALPH T. DOSHER, OR., Manager, Corporate Training and Education,
Texas Instruments, Inc.
ROD HANKS, Assistant Director, Human Resources Development
Lockheed Corporation
ROBERT A. HOFSTADER, Manager, Education and Development Unit,
Exxon Research and Engineering Company
HAROLD G. KAUFMAN, Associate Professor of Management and
Director of Research Programs in Science, Technology, and Human
Resources, Polytechnic Institute of New York
RUSSELL R. O'NEILL, Professor, School of Engineering and Applied
Science, University of California at Los Angeles
BERNARD M. SALLOT, President, Advanced Technologies Group
Services
ROBERT F. BORUCH, Consultant, Department of Psychology,
Northwestern University
1V
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Committee on the Education and
Utilization of the Engineer
ER~ERA.~DAD, Chairman;IBM,Ret.J
GEORGE S. ANSELL, Dean of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechni
Institute inow President, Colorado School of Mines)
TORDAN T. BARUCH, President, Jordan T. Baruch Associates
ERICH BLOCH, Vice-President, IBM Corporation Now Director,
National Science FoundationJ
DENNIS CHAMOT, Associate Director, Department for Professional
Employees, AFL/CID
EDMUND T. CRANCH, President, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
DANIEL C. DRUCKER, Dean of Engineering, University of Illinois at
Urbana Now Graduate Research Professor of Engineering Sciences,
University of Florida at Gainesville)
FRED W. GARRY, Vice-President, Corporate Engineering and
Manufacturing, General Electric Company
JOHN W. GEILS, Director of AAES/ASEE Faculty Shortage Project
(ATTEST, Ret.l
AARON T. GELLMAN, President, Gellman Research Associates, Inc.
HELEN GOULDNER, Dean, College of Arts and Science, Professor of
Sociology, University of Delaware
JOHN D. KEMPER, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of California at Davis
EDWARD T. KIRKPATRICK, President, Wentworth Institute of
Technology
IC
v
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V1
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
ERNEST S. KUH, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, University of California at Berkeley
W. EDWARD LEAR, Executive Director, American Society for
Engineering Education
LAWRENCE If. MEAD, OR., Senior Management Consultant [Senior
Vice-President, Ret. I, Grumman Aerospace Corporation
M. EUGENE MERCHANT, Principal Scientist, Manufacturing Research,
Cincinnati Milacron, Inc. [now Director, Advanced Manufacturing
Research, Metcut Research Associates, Inc. J
RICHARD J. REDPATH, Vice-President, Ralston Purina Company
FRANCIS E. REESE, Senior Vice-President, Monsanto (now retired)
ROBERT M. SAUNDERS, Professor, School of Engineering, University
of California at Irvine {Chairman, Board of Governors, AAES, 1983J
CHARLES E. SCHAFFNER, Executive Vice-President, Syska
Hennessy
JUDITH A. SCHWA, Assistant Director, Research Labs, Eastman
Kodak Company
HAROLD T. SHAPIRO, President, University of Michigan
MORRIS A. STEINBERG, Vice-President, Science, Lockheed
Corporation
DONALD G. WEINERT, Executive Director, National Society of
Professional Engineers
SHEILA E. WIDNALL, Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Staff
WILLIAM H. MICHAEL, JR., Executive Director
VERNON H. MILES, Staff Officer
AMY TANIK, Administrative Assistant
COURTLAND S. LEWIS, Consultant
Government Liaison
LEWIS G. MAYFIELD, Head, Office of Interdisciplinary Research,
National Science Foundation
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Contents
Executive Summary.
Findings, 1
Conclusions, 2
Recommendation, 3
I. Introduction.......
2. Participation In Continuing Education-The Engmeer's
Perspective .
Motivation for Participation, 9
Barriers to Participation, 11
Motivation and Barriers Among Older Engineers, 15
Factors That Determine Participation, 17
Outcomes of Continuing Education, 28
Findings, 36
Recommendations, 37
4
3. TheRoleoftndustry.................
Industrial Continuing Education Programs, 40
University/Industry Interfaces, 43
Effectiveness of Continuing Education, 44
The Pilot Study, 46
Findings, 47
Recommendations, 48
. .
V11
..... 38
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. . .
V111
4. The Role of the University
Types of Programs, 49
Goals and Characteristics of Programs, 51
Incentives and Disincentives, 53
Future Trends, 54
Findings, 54
Recommendations, 54
The Role of Professional Societies
Current Programs, 57
Development of Statistics, 59
Professional Societies Today, 60
Finding, 61
Recommendation, 61
6. The Role of Proprietary Schools
7. The Role of Govemment .....
Mandatory Requalification, 64
Comparative Policies, 66
Federal Programs in Continuing Education, 67
Findings, 67
References and Bibliography . .
Appendix A: Pilot Study for a Survey of Policymakers'
Attitudes Toward Continuing Education ......
Appendix B: 1984 Continuing Education Programs
of Technical Societies .....................
Appendix C: Professional Society Survey
CONTENTS
... 49
.. 56
.. 62
.. 64
68
.. 75
.. 87
.. 88
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ENG - EE~G F13UC~N ~
P':~A.CMCE ~ : ~D SIPS
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