workshop to describe the contributions of human factors in a variety of contexts. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from that workshop and synthesizes some of the key themes and lessons learned (see the workshop agenda in the appendix).

The workshop brought together 87 people involved in human factors research and development, including scientists and engineers, corporate executives and senior managers, researchers and leaders from government agencies and the military, and members and staff of the Committee on Human Factors. The workshop had three objectives:

• to provide concrete, successful examples of effectively demonstrating the benefits of human factors to industry and government;
• to identify cross-cutting concepts, principles, methods, and tools that can demonstrate the value of human factors; and
• to identify issues that need to be addressed in making decisions about investments in human factors.

The workshop opened with a welcome from William Wulf, president of the National Academy of Engineering, and an introduction by William Rouse, chair of the Committee on Human Factors. During the morning sessions, executives from the private sector and the military shared their experiences of effectively integrating human factors in various settings. The speakers addressed the following questions:

• Which strategies are most effective for articulating the value of human factors in their industry?
• To whom should the case be made? Who needs to be convinced?
• What are the most important lessons they have learned?

In an afternoon session, participants broke into four working groups to draw out cross-cutting themes from the morning's presentations and discussions. The working groups addressed three specific questions:

• Which points made by the speakers are most relevant to your own organization?
• Which are not relevant to or would not work in your organization?