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Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors (1998)
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications (CPSMA)

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. "Appendix K." Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.

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Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors

TABLE K.1  Criteria and Values Assigned for Ranking Common Explosive Chemicals

Chemical

Availability and Accessibilitya

History of Prior Useb

Ease of Use in Bomb Makingc

Cost (dollars per pound)d

Ammonium nitrate

17,631

3

1

0.1010

Urea

16,051

3

0.2

0.0903

Nitric acid

18,597

3

0.1

0.1075

Sodium chlorate

1,408

2

1

0.2250

Calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium cyanamide, ammonium chloridee

2,003

1

1

0.3588

Sodium hypochlorite

564

1

0.5

0.1300

Calcium carbide

484

1

1

0.2530

Nitrobenzene

1,246

2

0.5

0.3395

Hydrogen peroxide

760

2

0.5

0.6846

Potassium nitrate

198

2

1

0.4440

Dinitrotoluene

1,300

1

1

3.2600

Calcium hypochlorite

132

1

1

1.0300

Potassium permanganate

46

1

1

1.2110

Potassium chlorate

4

2

1

0.1450

Active halogen-type biocides

178

1

0.2

1.3400

Nitroparaffinsf

90

2

0.5

2.7530

Sodium chlorite

11

1

1

1.3700

Potassium perchlorate

0.1

2

1

0.7500

Picric acid

1

1

1

104.0300

a Millions of pounds per year, based on reported U.S. annual production or production capacity—Active halogen-type biocides: Specialty Chemicals, Biocides, May 1996, SRI International. Ammonium nitrate: Donald Lauriente, Nitrogen Products, 756.9000B, CEH Marketing Research Report, SRI International, December 1993; Ammonium Nitrate, 1993 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International.

Calcium carbide: Chris Barron with Thomas Schellenberg and Yosuke Ishikawa, Calcium Carbide, 724.5000C, CEH Data Summary, February 1995, 1995 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Calcium hypochlorite: Hypochlorite Bleaches, November 1995, 1996 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Dinitrotoluene: Air Products/BASF, April 29, 1997, <www.basf.com/new/air-dnt.html>. Hydrogen peroxide (100 percent): Extrapolated from 1991 to 1996 using the figure on p. 19 of Hydrogen Peroxide, June 1992, 1996 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Nitric acid (100 percent basis): Nitric Acid, Nitrogen Products, 757.8000D, July 1994, 1994 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Nitrobenzene: Chris Barron with Fredi P. Kalt and Yosuke Ishikawa, Nitrobenzene, 677.8000D, CEH Data Summary, August 1994, 1994 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Nitroparaffins: Angus Chemical Company, Buffalo Grove, Ill., quotation by phone, May 1997. Picric acid: Phenol, 686.5001E, April 1996, 1996 (Reagent Grade) Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Potassium chlorate: Sodium Chlorate (Crystal), March 1995, 1995 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Potassium nitrate: Based on 1995 production figure for the Vicksburg, Mississippi, plant of TRI, a subsidiary of Cedar Chemical Corporation. Potassium perchlorate: Based on annual quantity available from GFS Chemicals Inc., Powell, Ohio, June 13, 1997 (this value is likely to be below the U.S. production value). Potassium permanganate: Nonferrous Metals, 233.4000P, January 1997, 1997 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Sodium chlorate (Crystal): Sodium Chlorate, March 1995, 1995 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Sodium chlorite: Sodium Chlorite, March 1995, 1995 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Sodium hypochlorite: Hypochlorite Bleaches (12.5 percent), November 1995, 1996 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International. Sodium nitrate: Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., 1990. Urea (agricultural grade): Donald Lauriente, Urea, Nitrogen Products, 758.8000Y, CEH Marketing Research Report, May 1995, 1995 Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International.
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