TABLE A.1 U.S.-European International Cooperative Spacecraft Experiments in Earth Science from Space
|
Launch Year
|
Mission Name
|
Cooperating Countries
|
Experiment or Space Science Objectives
|
|
1964
|
Ariel-II
|
GBa-US
|
Measuring atmospheric ozone
|
|
1965
|
OGO-2
|
Fb
|
Photometer to measure airglow
|
|
1966
|
OGO-3 (POGO)
|
Fb
|
See OGO-2
|
|
1967
|
Ariel-III
|
GBa-US
|
Measure vertical distribution of molecular oxygen in Earth atmosphere
|
|
1967
|
OGO-4
|
Fb
|
See OGO-2
|
|
1968
|
GEOS
|
Db
|
Determine size and shape of Earth and conduct gravitational field studies
|
|
1969
|
OGO-6
|
Fb
|
Measure altitude distribution and width of atomic oxygen line in airglow and aurora
|
|
1970
|
Nimbus-4
|
GBb
|
Selective chopper radiometric temperature probe
|
|
1971
|
EOLE
|
Fa-US
|
French satellite to study meteorological data in the Southern Hemisphere
|
|
1971
|
BIC
|
Da-US
|
Electric and magnetic cloud probe field studies
|
|
1972
|
NIMBUS-5
|
GBb
|
See NIMBUS-4
|
|
1975
|
NIMBUS-6
|
GBc-Fc
|
Upper atmospheric sounding; random-access measurement system
|
|
1975
|
Atmospheric Explorer
|
GBb
|
Airglow photometer
|
|
1978
|
TIROS-N
|
GBb-Fb
|
Atmospheric sounding radiometer; Advanced Research and Global Observations Satellite flew on eight satellites in the TIROS-N series
|
|
1978
|
NIMBUS-7
|
GBb-Fb
|
Radiometer for atmospheric and mesospheric sounding; ARGOSc
|
|
1983
|
STS-9/Spacelab-1
|
ESAd-Db-US
|
Microwave remote sensing experiment and metric camera for Earth observations (2)
|
|
1990
|
CRRES
|
Db
|
Study of Earth's magnetic fields
|
|
1991
|
STS-40/UARS
|
UKb-US
|
Upper atmospheric observations
|
|
1992
|
TOPEX-POSEIDON
|
F-US
|
Joint Centre National d'Études Spatiales-National Aeronautics and Space Administration mission to study relationship between Earth's oceans and climate
|
|
1992
|
LAGEOS-2
|
I-US
|
Improve geodetic reference datum (geoid) and Earth orientation, and measure crustal deformation, secular variation in Earth's gravity field, and wandering of Earth's polar axis and Earth rotation variations
|
|
1992
|
Eureca-1
|
ESA-US
|
Several Earth science experiments
|
|
1992
|
STS-45/ATLAS-1
|
Bb-Fb-Db-US
|
ATLAS 1-3: three missions to study the middle atmosphere and its variations
|
|
1993
|
STS-55/Spacelab D2
|
ESA-Db-US
|
Modular optoelectric multispectral scanner used to study atmospheric variations; also flown on two SPAS flights
|
|
1993
|
STS-56/ATLAS-2
|
Bb-Fb-Db-US
|
ATLAS 1-3: three missions to study the middle
|
|
1994
|
STS-66/ATLAS-3
|
Bb-Fb-Db-US
|
atmosphere and its variations
|
|
1994
|
STS-66/CRISTA-SPAS
|
D-US
|
Combined experiment with ATLAS-3 to study atmospheric variability
|
|
1994
|
STS-59/SRL-1
|
US-Db-Ib
|
X-SAR as part of SIR-C
|
|
1994
|
STS-68/SRL-2
|
US-Db-Ib
|
X-SAR as part of SIR-C
|
|
1997
|
STS-85/CRISTA-SPAS II
|
D-US
|
Experiments using CRISTA and MAHRSI instruments to study middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere
|
