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PAPERBACK list:$21.00 Web:$18.90 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $16.50 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? Workshop Summary Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism Other Related Titles Vaccine Supply and Innovation (1985) Institute of Medicine (IOM) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 192   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 192 Front Matter (R1-R12) 1 Summary (1-13) 2 Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future (14-26) 3 Vaccine Availability: Concerns, Barriers, and Impediments (27-44) 4 Economic Aspects of Vaccine Innovation and Manufacturing (45-64) 5 Vaccine Injury (65-84) 6 Liability for the Production and Sale of Vaccines (85-122) 7 An Approach to Problems of Communication, Coordination, and Collaboration in Vaccine Policy (123-135) 8 Vaccine Injury Compensation and Liability Remedies (136-160) Appendix A: Product License Holders (161-163) Appendix B: A Vaccine Supply Public Insurance Option (164-165) Appendix C: No-Fault Vaccine Injury Insurance (166-170) Appendix D: Injury Compensation Systems in the United States (171-175) Appendix E: Vaccine-Injury Compensation in Other Countries (176-182) Appendix F: Proposed Vaccine-Injury Compensation Systems (183-191) Appendix G: Mechanisms Used in Other Countries to Ensure Vaccine Supply (192-193) Appendix H: Background Papers (194-195) Appendix I: Biographical Notes on Committee Members and Consultants (196-200) Appendix J: Recommendations for the Proposed Vaccine Commission (201-202) Index (203-210)

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OCR for page 192
Appendix G MECHANISMS USED IN OTHER COUNTRIES TO ENSURE VACCINE SUPPLY Country Belgium Canada Denmark Extent of Government Involvement The Office Vaccinogene within the Ministere de la Sante Publique et de la Famille is the only government-sponsored establishment producing vaccines. It produces only smallpox vaccine, which, at present, is used to maintain emergency stocks for Belgium. While the government has no financial holding in any vaccine manufacturer, it does maintain adequate supplies of the following vaccines by contracting with producers and importers: live polio (oral); tetanus adsorbed; diphtheria and tetanus adsorbed (DT); diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis adsorbed (DTP); measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), or combinations thereof; yellow fever vaccine (for international travel); and cholera and typhoid (for Army and international travel). The Ministry of Health also grants funds to the Institut Pasteur du Brabant for production of DTP, cholera, typhoid, and Bacillus Calmette- Guerin (BCG) vaccines. The government has minority shareholding in Connaught Laboratories, Inc. through the Canadian Development Corporation. This shareholding will be returned to the private sector in the future. The government is not involved in company decision making. The National Serum Institute, which provides rcee vaccination against whooping cough, diph- theria, polio, tetanus, and tuberculosis, receives funds from the government treasury. The Institute produces most of the vaccines and imports a small amount. The Institute is cur- rently the only vaccine manufacturer in Denmark. _ . . . . . . 192

OCR for page 193
193 Federal Republic The government has no financial involvement of Germany in any vaccine production enterprise. In the past, Land Vaccination Agencies produced smallpox vaccine, but these were closed with the discontinuance of smallpox vaccination. France Rhone-Poulenc, a nationally-owned holding company, has a 51 percent interest in Institut Merieux. In Janury 1985, Institut Merieux acquired a 51 percent interest in the Institut Pasteur (production) and first rights to any vaccine research from the Pasteur Foundation. Japan Netherlands Sweden Switzerland Several independent manufacturers are subject to fairly tight government controls. All vaccines included in the national immunization program (DTP-polio combination; DT-polio combination; rubella; measles; and BCG for high-risk groups) are produced at the National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Hygiene. In 1986, an MMR vaccine will be included in the national program. A state-owned institute manufactures or procures vaccines. There is no government involvement in the Swiss Serum Institut. United Kingdom The Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research (of the Public Health Labor atorY Service) is supported by government funds and currently produces anthrax vaccine and botulism toxoids for use in the United Kingdom. The government is not involved financially in any commercial production of vaccine. The Secretary of State for Social Services can apply for and hold product licenses for vaccines that manufacturers choose not to hold. The Secretary then arranges for production of such vaccines, and may underwrite costs. The government also purchases vaccine directly from manufacturers.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

smallpox vaccine