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10
Nutrient Requirement Tables
Nutrient requirements for starting, growing, and finishing pigs, gestating and lactating sows, and sexually active boars are provided in the tables of this chapter. Estimates are listed for energy, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and linoleic acid. The amino acid requirements are expressed on a true and apparent ileal digestible basis, which applies to all types of feed ingredients. They are also expressed on a total basis, which applies to a corn—soybean meal-based diet. For minerals and vitamins, the requirements include the amounts of these nutrients that are provided by feed ingredients. Thus they are not estimates of nutrient quantities that should be added to diets.
Tables 10-1 to 10-6 give estimated requirements of young weanling pigs from 3 to 20 kg, and of growing-finishing pigs from 20 to 120 kg body weight. The amino acid requirements in Table 10-1 are generated by the model described in Chapter 3 for pigs (equal ratio of barrows and gilts) of a high-medium lean growth rate (325 g of carcass fat-free gain/day) from 20 to 120 kg and housed under ideal temperature and space conditions. Table 10-3 gives separate requirements for barrows and gilts of three lean growth rates from 50 to 120 kg. Tables 10-2 and 10-4 give estimated daily requirements of amino acids. Requirements for minerals, vitamins, and linoleic acid are given both on a dietary concentration (Table 10-5) and daily intake (Table 10-6) basis.
Amino acid requirements, estimated by the sow models, for gestating sows of various breeding weights, gestation weight gains, and anticipated litter sizes and for lactating sows of various postfarrowing weights, lactation weight changes, and weight gains of their pigs are given in Tables 10-7 through 10-10. The estimates are based on ideal temperature environments. Dietary concentrations and daily intake requirements of minerals, vitamins, and linoleic acid are given in Tables 10-11 and 10-12, respectively. Table 10-13 lists estimated requirements of sexually active boars.
The amino acid requirements in the tables are given as examples. The models included in this publication allow the user to generate tables of estimated amino acid requirements for swine under various conditions (i.e., different lean growth rates, feed intakes, energy density of diets, environmental temperature, floor space, etc.). The mineral and vitamin estimates in these tables, however, are the committee's best estimates of the dietary requirements for average pigs under average conditions. The growth model may generate slightly different estimates of mineral and vitamin requirements because it uses an exponential equation to estimate the requirements at various body weights of growing pigs (3 to 120 kg), based on the coefficients given in Table 3-2.
The requirements for certain minerals and/or vitamins by pigs possessing a high lean growth rate, due to superior genetics or high health status, may be higher than the levels shown in the tables, but definitive information was not available to estimate a higher quantitative requirement. Slightly higher levels of calcium and phosphorus than shown in the tables are required by developing boars and replacement gilts from 50 to 120 kg body weight, and suggestions are appropriately footnoted in Tables 10-5 and 10-6.
The requirements listed in the following tables do not include any intentional surpluses. They are the committee's best estimates of minimum requirements. In practice, however, a margin of safety is commonly added to the stated requirements, and these levels are often referred to as nutrient "allowances." Nutrient allowances are generally established by professional nutritionists to account for variability in nutrient composition and in nutrient bioavailability of feedstuffs, presence of inhibitors or toxins in ingredients, inadequate processing or mixing of diets, partial loss of nutrients from storage, and other factors.
Because of these factors, the statement on a feed label that the product "meets or exceeds National Research
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Council requirements" by itself should not be accepted as prima facie evidence of a complete and balanced diet. Knowledge of the nutritional constraints and limitations is important for the proper use of the requirement tables that follow.
TABLE 10-1 Dietary Amino Acid Requirements of Growing Pigs Allowed Feed Ad Libitum (90% dry matter)a
Body Weight (kg)
3–5
5–10
10–20
20–50
50–80
80–120
Average weight in range (kg)
4
7.5
15
35
65
100
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
855
1,690
3,400
6,305
8,760
10,450
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)b
820
1,620
3,265
6,050
8,410
10,030
Estimated feed intake (g/day)
250
500
1,000
1,855
2,575
3,075
Crude protein (%)c
26.0
23.7
20.9
18.0
15.5
13.2
Amino acid requirementsd
True ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.54
0.49
0.42
0.33
0.24
0.16
Histidine
0.43
0.38
0.32
0.26
0.21
0.16
Isoleucine
0.73
0.65
0.55
0.45
0.37
0.29
Leucine
1.35
1.20
1.02
0.83
0.67
0.51
Lysine
1.34
1.19
1.01
0.83
0.66
0.52
Methionine
0.36
0.32
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.14
Methionine + cystine
0.76
0.68
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.31
Phenylalanine
0.80
0.71
0.61
0.49
0.40
0.31
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
1.26
1.12
0.95
0.78
0.63
0.49
Threonine
0.84
0.74
0.63
0.52
0.43
0.34
Tryptophan
0.24
0.22
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.10
Valine
0.91
0.81
0.69
0.56
0.45
0.35
Apparent ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.51
0.46
0.39
0.31
0.22
0.14
Histidine
0.40
0.36
0.31
0.25
0.20
0.16
Isoleucine
0.69
0.61
0.52
0.42
0.34
0.26
Leucine
1.29
1.15
0.98
0.80
0.64
0.50
Lysine
1.26
1.11
0.94
0.77
0.61
0.47
Methionine
0.34
0.30
0.26
0.21
0.17
0.13
Methionine + cystine
0.71
0.63
0.53
0.44
0.36
0.29
Phenylalanine
0.75
0.66
0.56
0.46
0.37
0.28
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
1.18
1.05
0.89
0.72
0.58
0.45
Threonine
0.75
0.66
0.56
0.46
0.37
0.30
Tryptophan
0.22
0.19
0.16
0.13
0.10
0.08
Valine
0.84
0.74
0.63
0.51
0.41
0.32
Total basis (%)e
Arginine
0.59
0.54
0.46
0.37
0.27
0.19
Histidine
0.48
0.43
0.36
0.30
0.24
0.19
Isoleucine
0.83
0.73
0.63
0.51
0.42
0.33
Leucine
1.50
1.32
1.12
0.90
0.71
0.54
Lysine
1.50
1.35
1.15
0.95
0.75
0.60
Methionine
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.16
Methionine + cystine
0.86
0.76
0.65
0.54
0.44
0.35
Phenylalanine
0.90
0.80
0.68
0.55
0.44
0.34
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
1.41
1.25
1.06
0.87
0.70
0.55
Threonine
0.98
0.86
0.74
0.61
0.51
0.41
Tryptophan
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.17
0.14
0.11
Valine
1.04
0.92
0.79
0.64
0.52
0.40
a Mixed gender (1:1 ratio of barrows to gilts) of pigs with high-medium lean growth rate (325 g/day of carcass fat-free lean) from 20 to 120 kg body weight.
b Assumes that ME is 96% of DE. In corn–soybean meal diets of these crude protein levels, ME is 94–96% of DE.
c Crude protein levels apply to corn–soybean meal diets. In 3–10 kg pigs fed diets with dried plasma and/or dried milk products, protein levels will be 2–3% less than shown.
d Total amino acid requirements are based on the following types of diets: 3–5 kg pigs, corn–soybean meal diet that includes 5% dried plasma and 25–50% dried milk products; 5–10 kg pigs, corn–soybean meal diet that includes 5 to 25% dried milk products; 10–120 kg pigs, corn–soybean meal diet.
e The total lysine percentages for 3–20 kg pigs are estimated from empirical data. The other amino acids for 3–20 kg pigs are based on the ratios of amino acids to lysine (true digestible basis); however, there are very few empirical data to support these ratios. The requirements for 20–120 kg pigs are estimated from the growth model.
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TABLE 10-2 Daily Amino Acid Requirements of Growing Pigs Allowed Feed Ad Libitum (90% dry matter)a
Body Weight (kg)
3–5
5–10
10–20
20–50
50–80
80–120
Average weight in range (kg)
4
7.5
15
35
65
100
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
855
1,690
3,400
6,305
8,760
10,450
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)b
820
1,620
3,265
6,050
8,410
10,030
Estimated feed intake (g/day)
250
500
1,000
1,855
2,575
3,075
Crude protein (%)c
26.0
23.7
20.9
18.0
15.5
13.2
Amino acid requirementsd
True ileal digestible basis (g/day)
Arginine
1.4
2.4
4.2
6.1
6.2
4.8
Histidine
1.1
1.9
3.2
4.9
5.5
5.1
Isoleucine
1.8
3.2
5.5
8.4
9.4
8.8
Leucine
3.4
6.0
10.3
15.5
7.2
15.8
Lysine
3.4
5.9
10.1
15.3
17.1
15.8
Methionine
0.9
1.6
2.7
4.1
4.6
4.3
Methionine + cystine
1.9
3.4
5.8
8.8
10.0
9.5
Phenylalanine
2.0
3.5
6.1
9.1
10.2
9.4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
3.2
5.5
9.5
14.4
16.1
15.1
Threonine
2.1
3.7
6.3
9.7
11.0
10.5
Tryptophan
0.6
1.1
1.9
2.8
3.1
2.9
Valine
2.3
4.0
6.9
10.4
11.6
10.8
Apparent ileal digestible basis (g/day)
Arginine
1.3
2.3
3.9
5.7
5.7
4.3
Histidine
1.0
1.8
3.1
4.6
5.2
4.8
Isoleucine
1.7
3.0
5.2
7.8
8.7
8.0
Leucine
3.2
5.7
9.8
14.8
16.5
15.3
Lysine
3.2
5.5
9.4
14.2
15.8
14.4
Methionine
0.9
1.5
2.6
3.9
4.4
4.1
Methionine + cystine
1.8
3.1
5.3
8.2
9.3
8.8
Phenylalanine
1.9
3.3
5.7
8.5
9.4
8.6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
3.0
5.2
8.9
13.4
15.0
13.9
Threonine
1.9
3.3
5.6
8.5
9.6
9.1
Tryptophan
0.5
1.0
1.6
2.4
2.7
2.5
Valine
2.1
3.7
6.3
9.5
10.6
9.8
Total basis (g/day)e
Arginine
1.5
2.7
4.6
6.8
7.1
5.7
Histidine
1.2
2.1
3.7
5.6
6.3
5.9
Isoleucine
2.1
3.7
6.3
9.5
10.7
10.1
Leucine
3.8
6.6
11.2
16.8
18.4
16.6
Lysine
3.8
6.7
11.5
17.5
19.7
18.5
Methionine
1.0
1.8
3.0
4.6
5.1
4.8
Methionine + cystine
2.2
3.8
6.5
9.9
11.3
10.8
Phenylalanine
2.3
4.0
6.8
10.2
11.3
10.4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
3.5
6.2
10.6
16.1
18.0
16.8
Threonine
2.5
4.3
7.4
11.3
13.0
12.6
Tryptophan
0.7
1.2
2.1
3.2
3.6
3.4
Valine
2.6
4.6
7.9
11.9
13.3
12.4
a Mixed gender (1:1 ratio of barrows to gilts) of pigs with high-medium lean growth rate (325 g/day of carcass fat-free lean) from 20 to 120 kg body weight.
b Assumes that ME is 96% of DE. In corn—soybean meal diets of these crude protein levels, ME is 94–96% of DE.
c Crude protein levels apply to corn—soybean meal diets. In 3–10 kg pigs fed diets with dried plasma and/or dried milk products, protein levels will be 2–3% less than shown.
d Total amino acid requirements are based on the following types of diets: 3–5 kg pigs, corn—soybean meal diet that includes 5% dried plasma and 25–50% dried milk products; 5–10 kg pigs, corn—soybean meal diet that includes 5 to 25% dried milk products; 10–120 kg pigs, corn—soybean meal diet.
e The total lysine estimates for 3–20 kg pigs are calculated by multiplying the percentages in Table 10-1 (estimated from empirical data) by the estimated feed intake. The other amino acids for 3–20 kg pigs are based on the ratios of amino acids to lysine (true digestible basis); however, there are very few empirical data to support these ratios. The estimates for 20–120 kg pigs are from the growth model.
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TABLE 10-3 Dietary Amino Acid Requirements of Barrows and Gilts of Different Lean Growth Rates and Allowed Feed Ad Libitum (90% dry matter)a
Body weight range:
50–80 kg Body Weight
80–120 kg Body Weight
Lean gain (g/day)
300
300
325
325
350
350
300
300
325
325
350
350
Gender
Barrow
Gilt
Barrow
Gilt
Barrow
Gilt
Barrow
Gilt
Barrow
Gilt
Barrow
Gilt
Average weight in range (kg)
65
65
65
65
65
65
100
100
100
100
100
100
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
9,360
8,165
9,360
8,165
9,360
8,165
11,150
9,750
11,150
9,750
11,150
9,750
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)b
8,985
7,840
8,985
7,840
8,985
7,840
10,705
9,360
10,705
9,360
10,705
9,360
Estimated feed intake (g/day)
2,750
2,400
2,755
2,400
2,755
2,400
3,280
2,865
3,280
2,865
3,280
2,865
Crude protein (%)c
14.2
15.5
14.9
16.3
15.6
17.1
12.2
13.2
12.7
13.8
13.2
14.4
Amino acid requirementsd
True ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.20
0.23
0.22
0.26
0.25
0.28
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.19
Histidine
0.18
0.21
0.20
0.23
0.21
0.24
0.14
0.16
0.15
0.18
0.17
0.19
Isoleucine
0.32
0.36
0.34
0.39
0.37
0.42
0.25
0.29
0.27
0.31
0.29
0.33
Leucine
0.58
0.66
0.62
0.72
0.67
0.77
0.45
0.51
0.48
0.55
0.52
0.59
Lysine
0.58
0.66
0.62
0.71
0.67
0.76
0.45
0.51
0.48
0.55
0.52
0.59
Methionine
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.19
0.18
0.21
0.12
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.16
Methionine + cystine
0.34
0.39
0.36
0.42
0.39
0.44
0.27
0.31
0.29
0.33
0.31
0.35
Phenylalanine
0.34
0.39
0.37
0.42
0.40
0.46
0.27
0.30
0.29
0.33
0.31
0.35
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.54
0.62
0.59
0.67
0.63
0.72
0.43
0.49
0.46
0.52
0.49
0.56
Threonine
0.37
0.43
0.40
0.46
0.43
0.49
0.30
0.34
0.32
0.37
0.34
0.39
Tryptophan
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.12
0.14
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.11
Valine
0.39
0.45
0.42
0.48
0.45
0.52
0.30
0.35
0.33
0.38
0.35
0.40
Apparent ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.23
0.26
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.17
Histidine
0.17
0.20
0.19
0.21
0.20
0.23
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.18
Isoleucine
0.29
0.34
0.31
0.36
0.34
0.39
0.23
0.26
0.24
0.28
0.26
0.30
Leucine
0.56
0.64
0.60
0.69
0.65
0.74
0.43
0.50
0.47
0.53
0.50
0.57
Lysine
0.53
0.61
0.57
0.66
0.61
0.71
0.41
0.47
0.44
0.51
0.47
0.54
Methionine
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.20
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.13
0.15
Methionine + cystine
0.31
0.36
0.34
0.39
0.36
0.41
0.25
0.29
0.27
0.31
0.29
0.33
Phenylalanine
0.32
0.36
0.34
0.39
0.37
0.42
0.24
0.28
0.26
0.30
0.28
0.32
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.50
0.58
0.54
0.62
0.58
0.67
0.39
0.45
0.42
0.49
0.45
0.52
Threonine
0.32
0.37
0.35
0.40
0.37
0.43
0.26
0.30
0.28
0.32
0.30
0.34
Tryptophan
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.12
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.09
Valine
0.36
0.41
0.38
0.44
0.41
0.47
0.28
0.32
0.30
0.34
0.32
0.37
Total basis (%)c
Arginine
0.24
0.27
0.26
0.29
0.28
0.32
0.16
0.18
0.18
0.20
0.19
0.22
Histidine
0.21
0.24
0.23
0.26
0.24
0.28
0.17
0.19
0.18
0.20
0.19
0.22
Isoleucine
0.36
0.41
0.39
0.45
0.42
0.48
0.29
0.33
0.31
0.35
0.33
0.37
Leucine
0.61
0.71
0.67
0.77
0.72
0.83
0.46
0.54
0.50
0.58
0.54
0.63
Lysine
0.67
0.76
0.72
0.82
0.77
0.88
0.53
0.60
0.57
0.64
0.60
0.69
Methionine
0.17
0.20
0.19
0.21
0.20
0.23
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.18
Methionine + cystine
0.38
0.44
0.41
0.47
0.44
0.50
0.31
0.35
0.33
0.38
0.35
0.40
Phenylalanine
0.38
0.44
0.41
0.47
0.44
0.51
0.29
0.34
0.32
0.36
0.34
0.39
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.61
0.70
0.65
0.75
0.70
0.80
0.48
0.54
0.51
0.59
0.55
0.63
Threonine
0.44
0.50
0.47
0.54
0.51
0.58
0.36
0.41
0.38
0.44
0.41
0.46
Tryptophan
0.12
0.14
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.16
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.12
0.11
0.13
Valine
0.45
0.51
0.48
0.55
0.52
0.59
0.35
0.40
0.38
0.43
0.40
0.46
a Average lean growth rates of 300, 325, and 350 g/day of carcass fat-free lean represent pigs with medium, high-medium, and high lean growth rates from 20 to 120 kg body weight.
b Assumes that ME is 96% of DE.
c Crude protein and total amino acid requirements are based on a corn–soybean meal diet.
d Estimated from the growth model.
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TABLE 10-4 Daily Amino Acid Requirements of Barrows and Gilts of Different Lean Growth Rates and Allowed Feed Ad Libitum (90% dry matter)a
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TABLE 10-5 Dietary Mineral, Vitamin, and Fatty Acid Requirements of Growing Pigs Allowed Feed Ad Libitum (90% dry matter)a
Body Weight (kg)
3–5
5–10
10–20
20–50
50–80
80–120
Average weight in range (kg)
4
7.5
15
35
65
100
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
855
1,690
3,400
6,305
8,760
10,450
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)b
820
1,620
3,265
6,050
8,410
10,030
Estimated feed intake (g/day)
250
500
1,000
1,855
2,575
3,075
Requirements (% or amount/kg of diet)
Mineral elements
Calcium (%)c
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.45
Phosphorus, total (%)c
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.50
0.45
0.40
Phosphorus, available (%)c
0.55
0.40
0.32
0.23
0.19
0.15
Sodium (%)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.10
0.10
Chlorine (%)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.08
0.08
0.08
Magnesium (%)
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
Potassium (%)
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.23
0.19
0.17
Copper (mg)
6.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.50
3.00
Iodine (mg)
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
Iron (mg)
100
100
80
60
50
40
Manganese (mg)
4.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Selenium (mg)
0.30
0.30
0.25
0.15
0.15
0.15
Zinc (mg)
100
100
80
60
50
50
Vitamins
Vitamin A (IU)d
2,200
2,200
1,750
1,300
1,300
1,300
Vitamin D3 (IU)d
220
220
200
150
150
150
Vitamin E (IU)d
16
16
11
11
11
11
Vitamin K (menadione) (mg)
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Biotin (mg)
0.08
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
Choline (g)
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.30
Folacin (mg)
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Niacin, available (mg)e
20.00
15.00
12.50
10.00
7.00
7.00
Pantothenic acid (mg)
12.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
7.00
Riboflavin (mg)
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
2.00
Thiamin (mg)
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Vitamin B6 (mg)
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
Vitamin B12 (μg)
20.00
17.50
15.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
Linoleic acid (%)
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
a Pigs of mixed gender (1:1 ratio of barrows to gilts). The requirements of certain minerals and vitamins may be slightly higher for pigs having high lean growth rates (>325 g/day of carcass fat-free lean), but no distinction is made.
b Assumes that ME is 96% of DE. In corn–soybean meal diets, ME is 94–96% of DE, depending on crude protein level of the diet.
c The percentages of calcium, phosphorus, and available phosphorus should be increased by 0.05 to 0.1 percentage points for developing boars and replacement gilts from 50 to 120 kg body weight.
d Conversions: 1 IU vitamin A = 0.344 μg (g retinyl acetate; 1 IU vitamin D3 = 0.025 μg cholecalciferol; 1 IU vitamin E = 0.67 mg of D-α-tocopherol or 1 mg of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.
e The niacin in corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and barley is unavailable. Similarly, the niacin in by-products made from these cereal grains is poorly available unless the by-products have undergone a fermentation or wet-milling process.
OCR for page 116
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TABLE 10-6 Daily Mineral, Vitamin, and Fatty Acid Requirements of Growing Pigs Allowed Feed Ad Libitum (90% dry matter)a
Body Weight (kg)
3-5
5-10
10-20
20-50
50-80
80-120
Average weight in range (kg)
4
7.5
15
35
65
100
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
855
1,690
3,400
6,305
8,760
10,450
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)b
820
1,620
3,265
6,050
8,410
10,030
Estimated feed intake (g/day)
250
500
1,000
1,855
2,575
3,075
Requirements (amount/day)
Mineral elements
Calcium (g)c
2.25
4.00
7.00
11.13
12.88
13.84
Phosphorus, total (g)c
1.75
3.25
6.00
9.28
11.59
12.30
Phosphorus, available (g)c
1.38
2.00
3.20
4.27
4.89
4.61
Sodium (g)
0.63
1.00
1.50
1.86
2.58
3.08
Chlorine (g)
0.63
1.00
1.50
1.48
2.06
2.46
Magnesium (g)
0.10
0.20
0.40
0.74
1.03
1.23
Potassium (g)
0.75
1.40
2.60
4.27
4.89
5.23
Copper (mg)
1.50
3.00
5.00
7.42
9.01
9.23
Iodine (mg)
0.04
0.07
0.14
0.26
0.36
0.43
Iron (mg)
25.00
50.00
80.00
111.30
129.75
123.00
Manganese (mg)
1.00
2.00
3.00
3.71
5.15
6.15
Selenium (mg)
0.08
0.15
0.25
0.28
0.39
0.46
Zinc (mg)
25.00
50.00
80.00
111.30
129.75
153.75
Vitamins
Vitamin A (IU)d
550
1,100
1,750
2,412
3,348
3,998
Vitamin D3 (IU)d
55
110
200
278
386
461
Vitamin E (IU)d
4
8
11
20
28
34
Vitamin K (menadione) (mg)
0.13
0.25
0.50
0.93
1.29
1.54
Biotin (mg)
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.09
0.13
0.15
Choline (g)
0.15
0.25
0.40
0.56
0.77
0.92
Folacin (mg)
0.08
0.15
0.30
0.56
0.77
0.92
Niacin, available (mg)e
5.00
7.50
12.50
18.55
18.03
21.53
Pantothenic acid (mg)
3.00
5.00
9.00
14.84
18.03
21.53
Riboflavin (mg)
1.00
1.75
3.00
4.64
5.15
6.15
Thiamin (mg)
0.38
0.50
1.00
1.86
2.58
3.08
Vitamin B6 (mg)
0.50
0.75
1.50
1.86
2.58
3.08
Vitamin B12 (µg)
5.00
8.75
15.00
18.55
12.88
15.38
Linoleic acid (g)
0.25
0.50
1.00
1.86
2.58
3.08
a Pigs of mixed gender (1:1 ratio of barrows to gilts). The daily requirements of certain minerals and vitamins may be slightly higher for pigs having high lean growth rates (>325 g/day of carcass fat-free lean), but no distinction is made.
b Assumes that ME is 96% of DE. In corn–soybean meal diets, ME is 94-96% of DE, depending on crude protein level of the diet.
c The daily amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and available phosphorus are slightly higher in developing boars and gilts from 50 to 120 kg body weight.
d Conversions: 1 IU vitamin A = 0.344 µg (g retinyl acetate; 1 IU vitamin D3 = 0.025 µg cholecalciferol; 1 IU vitamin E = 0.67 mg of D-α-tocopherol or 1 mg of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.
e The niacin in corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and barley is unavailable. Similarly, the niacin in by-products made from these cereal grains is poorly available unless the by-products have undergone a fermentation or wet-milling process.
OCR for page 117
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TABLE 10-7 Dietary Amino Acid Requirements of Gestating Sows (90% dry matter)a
Body Weight at Breeding (kg)
125
150
175
200
200
200
Gestation Weight Gain (kg)b
55
45
40
35
30
35
Anticipated Pigs in Litter
11
12
12
12
12
14
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)c
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
6,660
6,265
6,405
6,535
6,115
6,275
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)c
6,395
6,015
6,150
6,275
5,870
6,025
Estimated feed intake (kg/day)
1.96
1.84
1.88
1.92
1.80
1.85
Crude protein (%)d
12.9
12.8
12.4
12.0
12.1
12.4
Amino acid requirements
True ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Histidine
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.15
Isoleucine
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.27
Leucine
0.48
0.47
0.44
0.41
0.41
0.44
Lysine
0.50
0.49
0.46
0.44
0.44
0.46
Methionine
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.13
Methionine + cystine
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.33
Phenylalanine
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.27
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.48
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.44
0.46
Threonine
0.37
0.38
0.37
0.36
0.37
0.38
Tryptophan
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
Valine
0.34
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.31
Apparent ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Histidine
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.14
Isoleucine
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
Leucine
0.47
0.46
0.43
0.40
0.40
0.43
Lysine
0.45
0.45
0.42
0.40
0.40
0.42
Methionine
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.12
0.12
Methionine + cystine
0.30
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.30
0.31
Phenylalanine
0.27
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.24
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.45
0.44
0.42
0.40
0.41
0.43
Threonine
0.32
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.33
Tryptophan
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.08
Valine
0.31
0.30
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.28
Total basis (%)d
Arginine
0.06
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Histidine
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.17
0.17
Isoleucine
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.31
Leucine
0.50
0.49
0.46
0.42
0.43
0.45
Lysine
0.58
0.57
0.54
0.52
0.52
0.54
Methionine
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.14
Methionine + cystine
0.37
0.38
0.37
0.36
0.36
0.37
Phenylalanine
0.32
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.28
0.30
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.54
0.54
0.51
0.49
0.49
0.51
Threonine
0.44
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.44
0.45
Tryptophan
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.11
Valine
0.39
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.34
0.36
a Daily intakes of DE and feed and the amino acid requirements are estimated by the gestation model.
b Weight gain includes maternal tissue and products of conception.
c Assumes that ME is 96% of DE.
d Crude protein and total amino acid requirements are based on a corn-soybean meal diet.
OCR for page 118
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TABLE 10-8 Daily Amino Acid Requirements of Gestating Sows (90% dry matter)a
Body Weight at Breeding (kg)
125
150
175
200
200
200
Gestation Weight Gain (kg)b
55
45
40
35
30
35
Anticipated Pigs in Litter
11
12
12
12
12
14
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)c
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
6,660
6,265
6,405
6,535
6,115
6,275
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)c
6,395
6,015
6,150
6,275
5,870
6,025
Estimated feed intake (kg/day)
1.96
1.84
1.88
1.92
1.80
1.85
Crude protein (%)d
12.9
12.8
12.4
12.0
12.1
12.4
Amino acid requirements
True ileal digestible basis (g/day)
Arginine
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Histidine
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.7
Isoleucine
5.6
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.7
5.0
Leucine
9.4
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.4
8.1
Lysine
9.7
9.0
8.7
8.4
7.9
8.5
Methionine
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
Methionine + cystine
6.4
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.7
6.1
Phenylalanine
5.7
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.9
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
9.5
8.9
8.6
8.4
7.9
8.5
Threonine
7.3
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.6
7.0
Tryptophan
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
Valine
6.6
6.1
5.9
5.7
5.4
5.8
Apparent ileal digestible basis (g/day)
Arginine
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Histidine
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.6
Isoleucine
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.6
Leucine
9.2
8.4
8.1
7.7
7.3
7.9
Lysine
8.9
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.2
7.7
Methionine
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.2
Methionine + cystine
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.7
Phenylalanine
5.2
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.5
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
8.8
8.2
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.9
Threonine
6.3
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.7
6.1
Tryptophan
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
Valine
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.2
4.9
5.3
Total basis (g/day)d
Arginine
1.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Histidine
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.2
Isoleucine
6.4
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.4
5.8
Leucine
9.9
9.0
8.6
8.2
7.7
8.3
Lysine
11.4
10.6
10.3
9.9
9.4
10.0
Methionine
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.6
Methionine + cystine
7.3
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.5
6.9
Phenylalanine
6.3
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.0
5.4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
10.6
9.9
9.6
9.4
8.9
9.5
Threonine
8.6
8.3
8.3
8.2
7.8
8.3
Tryptophan
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
2.0
Valine
7.6
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.2
6.7
a Daily intakes of DE and feed and the amino acid requirements are estimated by the gestation model.
b Weight gain includes maternal tissue and products of conception.
c Assumes that ME is 96% of DE.
d Crude protein and total amino acid requirements are based on a corn-soybean meal diet.
OCR for page 119
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TABLE 10-9 Dietary Amino Acid Requirements of Lactating Sows (90% dry matter)a
Sow Postfarrowing Weight (kg)
175
175
175
175
175
175
Anticipated Lactational Weight Change (kg)b
0
0
0
-10
-10
-10
Daily Weight Gain of Pigs (g)b
150
200
250
150
200
250
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)c
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
14,645
18,205
21,765
12,120
15,680
19,240
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)c
14,060
17,475
20,895
11,635
15,055
18,470
Estimated feed intake (kg/day)
4.31
5.35
6.40
3.56
4.61
5.66
Crude protein (%)d
16.3
17.5
18.4
17.2
18.5
19.2
Amino acid requirements
True ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.36
0.44
0.49
0.35
0.44
0.50
Histidine
0.28
0.32
0.34
0.30
0.34
0.36
Isoleucine
0.40
0.44
0.47
0.44
0.48
0.50
Leucine
0.80
0.90
0.96
0.87
0.97
1.03
Lysine
0.71
0.79
0.85
0.77
0.85
0.90
Methionine
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.20
0.22
0.23
Methionine + cystine
0.35
0.39
0.41
0.39
0.42
0.43
Phenylalanine
0.39
0.43
0.46
0.42
0.46
0.49
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.80
0.89
0.95
0.88
0.97
1.02
Threonine
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.50
0.53
0.56
Tryptophan
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.17
Valine
0.60
0.67
0.72
0.66
0.73
0.77
Apparent ileal digestible basis (%)
Arginine
0.34
0.41
0.46
0.33
0.41
0.47
Histidine
0.27
0.30
0.32
0.29
0.32
0.34
Isoleucine
0.37
0.41
0.44
0.41
0.44
0.47
Leucine
0.77
0.86
0.92
0.83
0.92
0.98
Lysine
0.66
0.73
0.79
0.72
0.79
0.84
Methionine
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.19
0.21
0.22
Methionine + cystine
0.33
0.36
0.38
0.36
0.39
0.40
Phenylalanine
0.36
0.40
0.43
0.39
0.43
0.46
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.75
0.83
0.89
0.82
0.90
0.96
Threonine
0.40
0.43
0.46
0.44
0.47
0.49
Tryptophan
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
Valine
0.55
0.61
0.66
0.61
0.67
0.71
Total basis (%)d
Arginine
0.40
0.48
0.54
0.39
0.49
0.55
Histidine
0.32
0.36
0.38
0.34
0.38
0.40
Isoleucine
0.45
0.50
0.53
0.50
0.54
0.57
Leucine
0.86
0.97
1.05
0.95
1.05
1.12
Lysine
0.82
0.91
0.97
0.89
0.97
1.03
Methionine
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.22
0.24
0.26
Methionine + cystine
0.40
0.44
0.46
0.44
0.47
0.49
Phenylalanine
0.43
0.48
0.52
0.47
0.52
0.55
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.90
1.00
1.07
0.98
1.08
1.14
Threonine
0.54
0.58
0.61
0.58
0.63
0.65
Tryptophan
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.19
Valine
0.68
0.76
0.82
0.76
0.83
0.88
a Daily intakes of DE and feed and the amino acid requirements are estimated by the lactation model.
b Assumes 10 pigs per litter and a 21-day lactation period.
c Assumes that ME is 96% of DE. In corn—soybean meal diets of these crude protein levels, ME is 95–96% of DE.
d Crude protein and total amino acid requirements are based on a corn–soybean meal diet.
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TABLE 10-10 Daily Amino Acid Requirements of Lactating Sows (90% dry matter)a
Sow Postfarrowing Weight (kg)
175
175
175
175
175
175
Anticipated Lactational Weight Change (kg)b
0
0
0
-10
-10
-10
Daily Weight Gain of Pigs(g)b
150
200
250
150
200
250
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)c
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
3,265
Estimated DE intake (kcal/day)
14,645
18,205
21,765
12,120
15,680
19,240
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day)c
14,060
17,475
20,895
11,635
15,055
18,470
Estimated feed intake (kg/day)
4.31
5.35
6.40
3.56
4.61
5.66
Crude protein (%)d
16.3
17.5
18.4
17.2
18.5
19.2
Amino acid requirements
True ileal digestible basis (g/day)
Arginine
15.6
23.4
31.1
12.5
20.3
28.0
Histidine
12.2
17.0
21.7
10.9
15.6
20.3
Isoleucine
17.2
23.6
30.1
15.6
22.1
28.5
Leucine
34.4
48.0
61.5
31.0
44.5
58.1
Lysine
30.7
42.5
54.3
27.6
39.4
51.2
Methionine
8.0
11.0
14.1
7.2
10.2
13.2
Methionine + cystine
15.3
20.6
26.0
13.9
19.2
24.5
Phenylalanine
16.8
23.3
29.7
14.9
21.4
27.9
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
34.6
47.9
61.1
31.4
44.6
57.8
Threonine
19.5
26.4
33.3
17.7
24.6
31.5
Tryptophan
5.5
7.6
9.7
5.2
7.3
9.4
Valine
25.8
35.8
45.8
23.6
33.6
43.6
Apparent ileal digestible basis (g/day)
Arginine
14.6
22.0
29.3
11.7
19.1
26.4
Histidine
11.5
16.0
20.5
10.2
14.7
19.2
Isoleucine
15.9
21.9
27.9
14.5
20.5
26.5
Leucine
33.0
45.9
58.7
29.7
42.6
55.4
Lysine
28.4
39.4
50.4
25.5
36.5
47.5
Methionine
7.6
10.5
13.4
6.8
9.7
12.6
Methionine + cystine
14.2
19.2
24.1
12.9
17.8
22.8
Phenylalanine
15.5
21.6
27.6
13.8
19.9
25.9
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
32.3
44.7
57.1
29.3
41.7
54.1
Threonine
17.1
23.1
29.2
15.5
21.6
27.7
Tryptophan
4.7
6.6
8.4
4.5
6.3
8.1
Valine
23.6
32.8
42.0
21.6
30.8
40.0
Total basis (g/day)d
Arginine
17.4
25.8
34.3
14.0
22.4
30.8
Histidine
13.8
19.1
24.4
12.2
17.5
22.8
Isoleucine
19.5
26.8
34.1
17.7
25.0
32.3
Leucine
37.2
52.1
67.0
33.7
48.6
63.5
Lysine
35.3
48.6
61.9
31.6
44.9
58.2
Methionine
8.8
12.2
15.6
7.9
11.3
14.6
Methionine + cystine
17.3
23.4
29.4
15.7
21.7
27.8
Phenylalanine
18.7
25.9
33.2
16.6
23.9
31.1
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
38.7
53.4
68.2
35.1
49.8
64.6
Threonine
23.0
31.1
39.1
20.8
28.8
36.9
Tryptophan
6.3
8.6
11.0
5.9
8.2
10.6
Valine
29.5
40.9
52.3
26.9
38.4
49.8
a Daily intakes of DE and feed and the amino acid requirements are estimated by the lactation model.
b Assumes 10 pigs per litter and a 21-day lactation period.
c Assumes that ME is 96% of DE. In corn—soybean meal diets of these crude protein levels, ME is 95–96% of DE.
d Crude protein and total amino acid requirements are based on a corn—soybean meal diet.
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TABLE 10-11 Dietary Mineral, Vitamin, and Fatty Acid Requirements of Gestating and Lactating Sows (90% dry matter)a
Gestation
Lactation
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
DE intake (kcal/day)
6,290
17,850
ME intake (kcal/day)b
6,040
17,135
Feed intake (kg/day)
1.85
5.25
Requirements (% or amount/kg of diet)
Mineral elements
Calcium (%)
0.75
0.75
Phosphorus, total (%)
0.60
0.60
Phosphorus, available (%)
0.35
0.35
Sodium (%)
0.15
0.20
Chlorine (%)
0.12
0.16
Magnesium (%)
0.04
0.04
Potassium (%)
0.20
0.20
Copper (mg)
5.00
5.00
Iodine (mg)
0.14
0.14
Iron (mg)
80
80
Manganese (mg)
20
20
Selenium (mg)
0.15
0.15
Zinc (mg)
50
50
Vitamins
Vitamin A (IU)c
4,000
2,000
Vitamin D3 (IU)c
200
200
Vitamin E (IU)c
44
44
Vitamin K (menadione) (mg)
0.50
0.50
Biotin (mg)
0.20
0.20
Choline (g)
1.25
1.00
Folacin (mg)
1.30
1.30
Niacin, available (mg)d
10
10
Pantothenic acid (mg)
12
12
Riboflavin (mg)
3.75
3.75
Thiamin (mg)
1.00
1.00
Vitamin B6 (mg)
1.00
1.00
Vitamin B12 (µg)
15
15
Linoleic acid (%)
0.10
0.10
a The requirements are based on the daily consumption of 1.85 and 5.25 kg of feed, respectively. If lower amounts of feed are consumed, the dietary percentage may need to be increased.
b Assumes that ME is 96% of DE.
c Conversions: 1 IU vitamin A = 0.344 µg retinyl acetate; 1 IU vitamin D3 = 0.025 µg cholecalciferol; 1 IU vitamin E = 0.67 mg of D-α-tocopherol or 1 mg of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.
d The niacin in corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and barley is unavailable. Similarly, the niacin in by-products made from these cereal grains is poorly available unless the by-products have undergone a fermentation or wet-milling process.
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TABLE 10-12 Daily Mineral, Vitamin, and Fatty Acid Requirements of Gestating and Lactating Sows (90% dry matter)a
Gestation
Lactation
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b
3,265
3,265
DE intake (kcal/day)
6,290
17,850
ME intake (kcal/day)b
6,040
17,135
Feed intake (kg/day)
1.85
5.25
Requirements (amount/day)
Mineral elements
Calcium (g)
13.9
39.4
Phosphorus, total (g)
11.1
31.5
Phosphorus, available (g)
6.5
18.4
Sodium (g)
2.8
10.5
Chlorine (g)
2.2
8.4
Magnesium (g)
0.7
2.1
Potassium (g)
3.7
10.5
Copper (mg)
9.3
26.3
Iodine (mg)
0.3
0.7
Iron (mg)
148
420
Manganese (mg)
37
105
Selenium (mg)
0.3
0.8
Zinc (mg)
93
263
Vitamins
Vitamin A (IU)c
7,400
10,500
Vitamin D3 (IU)c
370
1,050
Vitamin E (IU)c
81
231
Vitamin K (menadione) (mg)
0.9
2.6
Biotin (mg)
0.4
1.1
Choline (g)
2.3
5.3
Folacin (mg)
2.4
6.8
Niacin, available (mg)d
19
53
Pantothenic acid (mg)
22
63
Riboflavin (mg)
6.9
19.7
Thiamin (mg)
1.9
5.3
Vitamin B6 (mg)
1.9
5.3
Vitamin B12 (µg)
28
79
Linoleic acid (g)
1.9
5.3
aThe daily amounts of minerals and vitamins are based on the daily consumption of 1.85 and 5.25 kg of feed, respectively. If lower amounts of feed are consumed, the dietary percentages may need to be increased.
bAssumes that ME is 96% of DE.
cConversions: 1 IU vitamin A = 0.344 µg retinyl acetate; 1 IU vitamin D3 = 0.025 µg cholecalciferol; 1 IU vitamin E = 0.67 mg of D-α-tocopherol or 1 mg of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.
dThe niacin in corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and barley is unavailable. Similarly, the niacin in by-products made from these cereal grains is poorly available unless the by-products have undergone a fermentation or wet-milling process.
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TABLE 10-13 Dietary and Daily Amino Acid, Mineral, Vitamin, and Fatty Acid Requirements of Sexually Active Boars (90% dry matter) a
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,400
3,400
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)
3,265
3,265
DE intake (kcal/day)
6,800
6,800
ME intake (kcal/day)
6,530
6,530
Feed intake (kg/day)
2.00
2.00
Crude protein (%)b
13.0
13.0
Requirements
% or amount/kg of diet
amount/day
Amino acids (total basis)b
Arginine
—
—
Histidine
0.19 %
3.8 g
Isoleucine
0.35 %
7.0 g
Leucine
0.51 %
10.2 g
Lysine
0.60 %
12.0 g
Methionine
0.16 %
3.2 g
Methionine + cystine
0.42 %
8.4 g
Phenylalanine
0.33 %
6.6 g
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
0.57 %
11.4 g
Threonine
0.50 %
10.0 g
Tryptophan
0.12 %
2.4 g
Valine
0.40 %
8.0 g
Mineral elements
Calcium
0.75 %
15.0 g
Phosphorus, total
0.60 %
12.0 g
Phosphorus, available
0.35 %
7.0 g
Sodium
0.15 %
3.0 g
Chlorine
0.12 %
2.4 g
Magnesium
0.04 %
0.8 g
Potassium
0.20 %
4.0 g
Copper
5 mg
10 mg
Iodine
0.14 mg
0.28 mg
Iron
80 mg
160 mg
Manganese
20 mg
40 mg
Selenium
0.15 mg
0.3 mg
Zinc
50 mg
100 mg
Vitamins
Vitamin Ac
4,000 IU
8,000 IU
Vitamin D3c
200 IU
400 IU
Vitamin Ec
44 IU
88 IU
Vitamin K (menadione)
0.50 mg
1.0 mg
Biotin
0.20 mg
0.4 mg
Choline
1.25 g
2.5 g
Folacin
1.30 mg
2.6 mg
Niacin, availabled
10 mg
20 mg
Pantothenic acid
12 mg
24 mg
Riboflavin
3.75 mg
7.5 mg
Thiamin
1.0 mg
2.0 mg
Vitamin B6
1.0 mg
2.0 mg
Vitamin B12
15 µg
30 µg
Linoleic acid
0.1 %
2.0 g
a The requirements are based on the daily consumption of 2.0 kg of feed. Feed intake may need to be adjusted, depending on the weight of the boar and the amount of weight gain desired.
b Assumes a corn–soybean meal diet. The lysine requirement was set as 0.60% (12.0 g/day). Other amino acids were calculated using ratios (total basis) similar to those for gestating sows.
c Conversions: 1 IU vitamin A = 0.344 µg retinyl acetate; 1 IU vitamin D3 = 0.025 µg cholecalciferol; 1 IU vitamin E = 0.67 mg of D-α-tocopherol or 1 mg of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.
d The niacin in corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and barley is unavailable. Similarly, the niacin in by-products made from these cereal grains is poorly available unless the by-products have undergone a fermentation or wet-milling process.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
amino acid
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