Authorities, 12.

See also Public health concerns;

Regulatory issues;

Water agencies

AWT.

See Advanced wastewater treatment

B

Bacterial pathogens, 6.

See also individual bacteria

aquatic, possible concern about, 87-88

culturing, 77, 122

detecting, 121, 124-125

enteric, 77-79

list of, 75

markers for, 6

microscopy for, 123

Barriers

defined, 208

independence of, evaluating, 12, 110-111, 209-211, 236

providing multiple, 12, 208-213, 236

securing data about, 6-7

Baseline testing, 183-187

Basin overdraft, 25

Bias, sources of, 149, 152-154

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 21

carbonaceous (CBOD), 39

Biological agents.

See Microbial contaminants in reuse systems

Biomarkers, 149-150

Biomolecular assessment, 7, 129-131, 154

Birth defects, 16

Blue Plains Wastewater Treatment Plant, 27, 165

Blue-green algae, 88

Breakthroughs.

See Contaminant breakthroughs

Bromates, removing, 54

Buffers.

See Environmental buffers

C

Calcivirus, 80-81, 84

California.

See also Los Angeles County;

Orange County;

Palo Alto treatment system;

San Diego's Total Resources Recovery Project

Department of Health Services, 38, 234-235

viral studies in, 100

wastewater reclamation criteria, 31, 36-38, 218

Campylobacter, 6, 78, 108

culturing for, 77

Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), monitoring, 39

Carcinogenicity, 16, 136, 141-142, 154, 185, 198-199

of chlorinated water, 11, 150, 173

Case-control studies, 147, 152-153

Causal relationships.

See Etiological agents, detecting

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 77, 232-233

Certifying operators for water treatment facilities, 13, 235-236, 238

Chemical contaminants, 3-6, 45-71.

See also Organic compounds

evaluating, 135-145, 156-157

managing input to reuse systems, 5, 50-53

recognized, 20, 46-50

Chemical disinfection processes, 107-108

See also Chlorination processes;

Coagulation processes;

Oxidation processes;

Ozone processes

using along with physical treatment, 6

Chemical evaluation, ix, 3-4, 9, 68-69

Chemical oxygen demand (COD), reducing, 53

Chlorination processes, 5, 25, 70, 97

See also Disinfection by-products (DBPs)

link to cancer, 11, 150, 173

Cholera outbreaks, 76, 214

Chromatography, 61, 63

Chromosomal abnormalities, 16

Clarification.

See Lime clarification

Clastogenicity, 16

Clean Water Act, 51

Clostridilum perfringens, 7, 90, 95

as indicator bacterium, 127-128, 155

Coagulation processes, 17, 22, 236

with ferric chloride, 29

Coastal aquifers, injecting wastewater into, 22, 24-25

Cohort studies, 147-148, 153, 204

Coliform bacteria, 20

monitoring, 39, 89-90, 108-109, 118-119

standards for, 83

Coliphage virus, 128

F-specific, 7, 155

Colorado.

See Denver's Direct Potable Water Reuse Demonstration Project

Composites, flow-proportioned, 224

Front Matter (R1-R16)

Executive Summary (1-13)

1 Reclaiming Wastewater: An Overview (14-44)

2 Chemical Contaminants in Reuse Systems (45-73)

3 Microbial Contaminants in Reuse Systems (74-117)

4 Methods for Assessing Health Risks of Reclaimed Water (118-163)

5 Health-Effect Studies of Reuse Systems (164-207)

6 Reliability and Quality Assurance Issues for Reuse Systems (208-240)

Appendix A: Use of Consequence-Frequency Assessment to Evaluate Performance of an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facility (241-247)

Appendix B: Biographies of Committee Members and Staff (248-252)

Index (253-263)