Toward Environmental Justice: Research, Education, and Health Policy Needs (1999)

JAMES R. GAVIN III (Cochair) is a Senior Scientific Officer of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Prior to joining the senior scientific staff at the Hughes Institute in October 1991, he served as William K. Warren Professor for Diabetes Studies; Professor of Medicine; and Chief, Diabetes Section at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. He completed his B.S. in chemistry at Livingstone College, a Ph.D. in biochemistry at Emory University, and his M.D. at Duke University Medical School. He did postgraduate medical training in internal medicine and endocrinology at Barnes Hospital in the Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri. He was Associate Professor of Medicine at Washington University prior to his move to Oklahoma in January 1987. He is a member of the Endocrine Society, the American Diabetes Association, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the American Association of Physicians, and the American Association of Academic Minority Physicians. He serves on the editorial board of Academic Medicine, is Past President of the American Diabetes Association, and serves as a member of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. He has received numerous civic and academic awards and honors, including being voted Clinical Teacher of the Year at Barnes Hospital, Outstanding Clinician in the field of Diabetes by the American Diabetes Association, and Internist of the Year by the National Medical Association. He is a recipient of the 1998 Emory University Medal for Distinguished Achievement. He has served on a broad range of study sections, national boards, and advisory groups in the private and governmental sectors. He presently serves as Senior Program Consultant and Director of the Minority Medical Faculty Development Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and is

also a member of the Board of Trustees of RWJF. His research interests have been in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. He has authored more than 160 original papers, book chapters, and scientific abstracts. Dr. Gavin is a member of the Institute of Medicine.

DONALD R. MATTISON (Cochair) is Medical Director of the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. From 1990 to 1998 he was Dean of the Graduate School of Public Health and Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health and Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Mattison received his M.D. from The College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and clinical training in obstetrics and gynecology at Sloane Hospital for Women, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, in New York City. Dr. Mattison obtained postgraduate research training at the National Institutes of Health. From 1984 to 1990 he was Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Toxicology at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. During this period he was Acting Director of the Human Risk Assessment Program at the National Center for Toxicological Research, a component of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Mattison is a member of many local and national boards. He has published more than 140 papers, chapters, and reviews in the areas of reproductive and developmental toxicology, risk assessment, and clinical obstetrics and gynecology.

REGINA AUSTIN is William A. Schnader Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania. She received a B.A. from the University of Rochester in 1970 and a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1973. She is a member of the Order of the Coif, the legal honorary society. Before joining the University of Pennsylvania faculty in 1977, Professor Austin was an associate with the firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal & Lewis. She has been a visiting professor at Harvard and Stanford law schools. Professor Austin has written on various topics including the working conditions of low-status minority and female workers, the construction of black economic activity as deviance, and the minority grassroots environmental movement.

DAVID R. BAINES is a practicing family physician on the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation in rural Idaho. He received his medical degree from Mayo Medical School in Rochester, Minnesota. Since 1992, Dr. Baines has served as a member of the Commission on Membership and Members Services of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). In 1990 he chaired the AAFP Committee on Minority Health Affairs and has been a consultant to the AAFP Subcommittee on Indian Health. Since 1984 he has served as the liaison between AAFP and the Association of American Indian Physicians. He was President of the Association of American Indian Physicians in 1990 and 1991. He has served as a consultant to National Institutes of Health committees, a

member of Institute of Medicine committees, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences Polar Research Board. In 1995 he was selected by Donna Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services, to serve on the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee.

BARUCH FISCHHOFF is University Professor in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy and the Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. He holds a B.S. in mathematics from Wayne State University and an M.A. and Ph.D. in psychology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association and recipient of its Early Career Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contribution to Psychology (1980) and for Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest (1991). He is a fellow of the Society for Risk Analysis, as well as recipient of its Distinguished Achievement Award (1991). He has served on many Institute of Medicine and National Research Council panels, including the Committee on the NIH Priority-Setting Process, the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, and the Environmental Health Sciences Roundtable. He serves on several editorial boards, including the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty and Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. Dr. Fischhoff is a member of the Institute of Medicine.

GEORGE FRIEDMAN-JIMÉNEZ is founder and Director of the Occupational and Environmental Medicine Clinic at Bellevue Hospital of the New York University School of Medicine, and epidemiologist in the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies of the New York Academy of Medicine. Dr. Friedman-Jiménez received his medical degree from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He is board certified in internal medicine and preventive medicine (occupational) and has completed a postdoctoral fellowship in epidemiology at the Columbia University School of Public Health. His research interests include the occupational and environmental epidemiology of asthma and methods of clinical epidemiology. Dr. Friedman-Jiménez is the recipient of an Academic Award in Environmental and Occupational Medicine from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and a Visiting Scholar in Residence research fellowship from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Morehouse School of Medicine. He is a member of the advisory board of the National Hispanic Medical Association and serves on the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Toxicology Program of NIEHS, as well as on the Biennial Report on Carcinogens Subcommittee.

BERNARD D. GOLDSTEIN is Director of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, a joint program of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. He is Chair of the Department

of Environmental and Community Health, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. He received his B.S. from the University of Wisconsin and his M.D. from New York University School of Medicine. Dr. Goldstein is board certified in internal medicine and hematology and board certified in toxicology. Dr. Goldstein served as Assistant Administrator for Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from 1983 to 1985, was a member and Chair of the NIH Toxicology Study Section, and was on EPA's Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee. He has published more than 200 articles and book chapters related to environmental health sciences and public policy. Dr. Goldstein is a member of the Institute of Medicine.

JAMES G. HAUGHTON is Medical Director of Public Health Programs and Services in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. He received his M.D. from Loma Linda University College of Medicine and his M.P.H. from the Columbia University School of Public Health. His professional activities have included the practice of obstetrics and gynecology and, for the past 35 years, the leadership and management of a large public hospital and public health agencies. He has served as Executive Medical Director of the New York City Department of Public Health; Chief Executive Officer of the Health and Hospitals Governing Commission of Cook County, Illinois; Executive Vice President of the Charles Drew Postgraduate Medical School; Director of Public Health and Human Services for the city of Houston, Texas; and Medical Director and Chief-of-Staff of Los Angeles County's King/Drew Medical Center. Dr. Haughton is a member of the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Social Insurance. He received the Humanitarian Award from the National Association of Health Services Executives and an honorary Doctor of Sciences degree from the University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical College. He serves on the Board of Directors of the California Conference of Local Health Officers. Dr. Haughton has written many articles regarding health care for the poor and medically indigent.

SANDRAL HULLETT is Executive Director of West Alabama Health Services, a community health center located in rural west Alabama. She has a bachelor's degree from Alabama A&M University in Normal; a medical degree from the Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and a master's in public health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Since completing a residency in family practice and fulfilling a National Health Services Corps obligation, Dr. Hullett developed an interest in rural health care, including health care planning and delivery to the underserved, underinsured, and poor of this area. Dr. Hullett is a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama System and has been appointed a member of the Practicing Physicians Advisory Council of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dr.

Hullett is a member of the Institute of Medicine and the Alabama Health Care Reform Task Force.

LOVELL A. JONES is Director of Experimental Gynecology-Endocrinology of the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and has held that position since 1988. He is also a Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the same institution. Prior to joining the faculty at M. D. Anderson, he was a National Cancer Institute postdoctoral fellow and then a lecturer in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at the University of California Medical Center-San Francisco. Dr. Jones holds a B.S. degree in biological sciences from California State University at Hayward and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in zoology with an emphasis in tumor biology and endocrinology from the University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Jones has served on a number of national advisory committees including the National Advisory Council for Environmental Health Sciences at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. He presently serves on one of the Environmental Protection Agency's Scientific Advisory Panels and the U.S. Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Integration Panel. Dr. Jones has contributed to many publications and journals in the area of hormonal carcinogenesis. He is also a well-respected expert in the area of minorities and cancer. Dr. Jones is a founding Cochair of the Intercultural Cancer Council and the founder of the Biennial Symposium Series on Minorities, the Medically Underserved and Cancer.

CHARLES LEE is Director of Environmental Justice for the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. He has played a singularly pioneering role in the definition and development of issues of race and the environment. Mr. Lee is the architect of the two seminal national events in the emergence of environmental justice as a nationally prominent issue: the landmark 1987 report Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States and the historic 1991 National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit. He has served on many advisory panels and boards, including the Environmental Protection Agency's National Environmental Justice Advisory Council, where he chaired the Waste and Facility Siting Subcommittee. He has written numerous articles, reports, and scholarly papers and is the editor of several books. Mr. Lee is a leading national advocate for empowered community involvement in environmental research and policy development.

ROGER O. McCLELLAN serves as President of the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. He has held that position since 1988. He is well known for his work in the related fields of toxicology and risk assessment, especially concerning the potential human risks of airborne materials. Dr. McClellan has previously served as President of

the Society of Toxicology and American Association for Aerosol Research. He is a fellow of the Society for Risk Analysis and an elected member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. He has served in an advisory role to many public and private organizations including Chair of the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee and the National Research Council's Committee on Toxicology. Dr. McClellan is a strong advocate for the need to integrate data from epidemiologic, controlled clinical, laboratory animal, and cell studies to assess the human health risks of occupational or environmental exposure to chemicals.

MARY ANN SMITH has held the position of Assistant Professor of Environmental Sciences (Toxicology) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health from 1991 to the present. She received a B.S. in pharmacology from the University of Texas at Austin in 1979 and received her Ph.D. in 1984. Before accepting her current position at the University of Texas, Dr. Smith was an Assistant Professor of Pharmacy (Pharmacology/Toxicology) at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Early in her career she was a staff fellow at the Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics and Metabolism at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,in Bethesda, Maryland. The SmithKline & French Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, offered Dr. Smith a postdoctoral fellowship from 1985 to 1987. Dr. Smith received the University of New Mexico Graduate and Undergraduate Teacher of the Year Award for 1989–1990.

WALTER J. WADLINGTON is James Madison Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law and Professor of Legal Medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. He was the Program Director of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Medical Malpractice Program and also served on the Clinical Scholars Advisory Board. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine and the American Law Institute, and a Trustee of the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates. He teaches in the areas of law and medicine, family law, and children's health care.

MARY JAY BALL-HENDERSON was a Project Assistant in the Institute of Medicine's Division of Health Sciences Policy. During her 5 years at the Institute of Medicine, she worked with several committees, including the Committee on Assessing Genetic Risks, the Forum on Drug Development, the Forum on Blood Safety and Blood Availability, the Committee on Strengthening the Geriatric Content of Medical Training, the Committee on Xenograft Transplantation:

Ethical Issues and Public Policy, and the Committee on the Future of Academic Health Centers. Prior to working at the Institute of Medicine, she worked for 5 years at the National Academy of Engineering. She left the Institute of Medicine in January 1997.

YVETTE J. BENJAMIN was a Research Associate in the Institute of Medicine's Division of Health Sciences Policy. She received training as a physician's assistant at George Washington University and holds a B.A. in psychology from Incarnate Word College in San Antonio, Texas, and a B.S. in biology from George Washington University. In 1995 she received a master's degree in public health from George Washington University, with a concentration in health policy. Ms. Benjamin has had extensive experience both as a clinician and a researcher in the area of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus. Ms. Benjamin was at the Institute of Medicine from 1993 to October 1998 and has provided support for several studies in the areas of xenograft transplantation and military nursing research and has conducted a workshop on the future of academic health centers.

PETER BOUXSEIN is a Senior Program Officer in the Institute of Medicine. Mr. Bouxsein has an undergraduate degree in science from Carnegie Mellon University and a law degree from the University of Chicago. He has 23 years of service with the federal government, including the Department of Justice, the Office of Economic Opportunity, the Health Care Financing Administration, and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, in the areas of civil rights, higher education, and health care. Seven of those years were spent as counsel to the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, U.S. House of Representatives, focusing on Medicare, health care technology, graduate medical education, and clinical research. In addition, Mr. Bouxsein has served as the Deputy Director of the Institute for Public Policy Studies, University of Michigan, and Deputy Executive Vice President of the American College of Physicians. He is also a research associate and lecturer at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.

LINDA A. DEPUGH is Administrative Assistant for the Health Sciences Section of the Institute of Medicine. Ms. Depugh has more than 27 years of experience working in the Academy complex. She served as Administrative Assistant for the Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention for several years prior to joining the Division of Health Sciences Policy in 1994. Linda provided administrative assistance to the Board on Health Sciences Policy and the Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention by coordinating specific tasks that are crucial to the progress and completion of program activities. She obtained her associate's degree from Durham Business College in Durham, North Carolina.

CHARLES H. EVANS, JR., is Head of the Health Sciences Section in the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Evans joined the staff of the Institute of Medicine in March 1998. As Head of the new Health Sciences Section, Dr. Evans has management responsibility for all scientific, administrative, and financial affairs of the Health Sciences Section, which includes the Health Sciences Policy Program and the Neuroscience and Behavioral Health Program and their respective boards in the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Evans is a pediatrician and immunologist and holds the rank of Captain (retired) in the U.S. Public Health Service with 27 years of service as a medical scientist at the National Institutes of Health. He received his B.S. (biology) degree from Union College in 1962 and M.D. and Ph.D. (microbiology) degrees from the University of Virginia in 1969. He was an intern and resident in pediatrics at the University of Virginia from 1969 to 1971, and from 1971 to 1998 he served as a Medical Officer in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and, concurrently from 1976 to 1998, was Chief of the Tumor Biology Section at the National Cancer Institute. An expert in carcinogenesis and the normal immune system defenses to the development of cancer, he is the author of more than 250 scientific publications. He and his laboratory colleagues discovered the cytokine leukoregulin in 1983 and were awarded three U.S. patents. Dr. Evans has been active as an adviser to community medicine and higher education through his service on the Board of Trustees of Suburban Hospital Health System (1988 to present) and on the Arts and Sciences Alumni Council at the University of Virginia (1987 to 1997). He is the recipient of numerous scientific awards including the Outstanding Service Medal from the U.S. Public Health Service and the Wellcome Medal and Prize. Dr. Evans has been a member of the editorial boards of several scientific journals, has served on a variety of scientific advisory committees, and is a fellow of the American Institute of Chemists and a credentialed fellow in Health Systems Administration of the American Academy of Medical Administrators.

EDWARD HILL III was Senior Program Officer and Study Director in the Institute of Medicine's Division of Health Sciences Policy. Dr. Hill received his J.D. degree from the University of Baltimore School of Law and his M.D. degree from Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. He has specialized training in medical law for the attending physician and has consulted for several health care and law firms. He left the Institute of Medicine in November 1996.

ANDREW M. POPE is Director of the Health Sciences Policy Program at the Institute of Medicine. With expertise in physiology, toxicology, and epidemiology, his primary interests focus on environmental and occupational influences on human health. As a research fellow in the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dr. Pope's research focused on the biochemical, neuroendocrine, and reproductive effects of various environmental substances on food-producing animals. During his tenure at the

National Academy of Sciences and since 1989 at the Institute of Medicine, Dr. Pope has directed studies on and edited numerous reports on environmental and occupational issues; topics include injury control, disability prevention, biologic markers, neurotoxicology, indoor allergens, and the inclusion of environmental and occupational health content in medical and nursing school curricula.

VALERIE PETIT SETLOW was Director of the Division of Health Sciences Policy. Dr. Setlow received her B.S. in chemistry from Xavier University and her Ph.D. in molecular biology from Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Setlow has conducted research in molecular hematology and virology and has had a distinguished career in government, serving in numerous positions including Director of the Cystic Fibrosis Research Programs at the National Institutes of Health and, in her last position, as Acting Director of the National AIDS Program Office. Dr. Setlow left the Institute of Medicine in December 1997 to become Deputy Director of the Tulane/Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research.

GLEN SHAPIRO is a Project Assistant and Research Assistant in the Health Sciences Policy Program. He is also providing support for the Committee on Fluid Resuscitation for Combat Casualties and the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine. Glen earned his bachelor's degree in Russian language and literature at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut.

JAMAINE L. TINKER was a Financial Associate with the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. She provided support over the course of research projects by performing financial and administrative oversight activities. She worked closely with program staff to prepare proposal budgets, cost projections, financial reports, and analyses. In this capacity, she often served as the liaison between the division and other academy offices such as Contracts and Grants, Accounting, Purchasing, Payroll, Travel Services, and Human Resources. Jamaine earned a business administration certificate in 1994 from Georgetown University and a liberal arts degree in 1987 from Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio, where she majored in Spanish and minored in mathematics.