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OCR for page R1
JU IS
.
Bring Senior lo Prevent douse
Steve Olson in collaboration with Dean R. Gerstein
Foreword by Elizabeth Hanford Dole
Panel on Alternative Policies Affecting the Prevention
of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D. C. 1985
OCR for page R2
National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418
This publication is based on two reports from the Commission on Behavioral and
Social Sciences and Education of the National Research Council: Alcohol arid Public Policy:
Beyond the Shadow of Prohibition (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1981) and
Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems: Government, Business, and Community Action
(Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1984). It has been reviewed according
to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of En~neer~ng, and the Institute
of Medicine.
The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences
in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's
purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council
operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the
authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a
private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become
the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government,
the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly
by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering
and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under
the charter of the National Academy of Sciences.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Olson, Steve, 1956-
Alcohol in America.
Bibliography: p.
1. Alcoholism United States Prevention.
2. Drinking of alcoholic beverages United States.
I. Gerstein, Dean R. II. National Research Council (U. S. ). Panel on
Alternative Policies Affecting the Prevention of Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism. III. Title.
HV5296.063 1985
ISBN 0-309-03449-3
362.2'9286
85-13667
Copyright (a) 1985 by the National Academy of Sciences
No part of this book may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic,
or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may
it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or otherwise copied for public
or private use, without written permission from the publisher, except for the
purposes of official use by the United States government.
Printed in the United States of America
First Priniing, October 1985
Second Printing, April 1987
Third Priniing, March 1988
Fourth Priniing, March 1989
Fifth Priniing, February 1991
OCR for page R3
Foreword
THIS BOOK IS A THOUGHTFUL and useful contribution to the
worthiest of national causes: continuing public awareness
of alcohol abuse.
When ~ became Secretary of Transportation, ~ resolved to
have no higher priority than safety on our highways, rail-
ways, airways, and waterways. ~ learned very quickly that al-
coho! abuse is a major cause of many transportation accidents,
whether it is a drunk driver on our highways or a recreational
boater who has had one drink too many. Alcohol abuse affects
transportation safety in a very dramatic and tragic way. More
than 44,000 people were killed on our highways last year, many
of them by drunk drivers. Thousands of others were maimed
and injured, and millions of dollars of property were destroyed.
The tragedy does not end with the victims. The injury and
heartache of families and loved ones linger.
Our campaign to get drunk drivers off our highways aroused
public consciousness throughout America, and the public out-
cry to stop senseless killing on our highways is just beginning
to pay diviclencTs in lives saved and accidents prevented. The
campaign against drunk drivers is strong today because of a
grassroots movement that began at the local level, in the clubs,
the churches, the city halls, courthouses, and state houses all
across America. As a result we have stronger laws against cirunk
drivers and stricter enforcement. We must keep this momen-
· · ~
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iv / ALCOHOL IN AMERICA
turn going. We need to work for continuing awareness of all
the many problems associated with alcohol abuse.
This book is a useful too} for maintaining that heightened
awareness. It deserves to be read by parents, teachers, stu-
clents, legislators, community organizers, government officials,
and anyone searching for ways to translate concern about al-
cohol abuse into action aimed at preventing it.
1[ congratulate the National Academy of Sciences on giving
us this book, which provides just the kind of timely, provoc-
ative, and practical contribution that the research community
can make toward action on one of our most pressing national
concerns. ~ urge you to take this book home, take it to your
hearts, and, where it strikes a responsive chord, take action.
ELIZABETH HANFORD DOLE, Secretary
U.S. Department of Transportation
August 1985
1V
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Preface
IN 1978 THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL initiated a study of
alternative policies affecting the prevention of alcohol abuse
and alcoholism. The study pane! brought together research-
ers in anthropology, economics, education, epidemiology, psy-
chiatry, psychology, and sociology along with experts on the
analysis of historical, legal, and political dimensions of public
policy. A list of its members appears on page Il9.
In 1981 the pane! issued a report entitled AZcoho! and Public
Policy: Beyond the Shadow of Prohibition, which thoroughly re-
viewed the relevant research literature and policy questions,
and concluded:
· Alcohol problems are permanent, because drinking is an
important and ineradicable part of this society and culture.
· Alcohol problems tend to be so broadly felt and distributed
as to be a general social problem, even though they are ex-
cessively prevalent in a relatively small fraction of the pop-
ulation.
· The possibilities for reducing the problem by preventive
measures are modest but real and should increase with ex-
perience; they should not be ignored because of ghosts from
the past.
Shortly after this report was published, the National Institute
on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (the federal agency that had
OCR for page R6
vi / ALCOHOL IN~ERICA
commissioned the study) asked that the National Research
Council organize a conference for some of the report's authors,
other researchers, and participants from all walks of life con-
cerned with alcohol-related problems to examine the study pan-
el's findings and discuss their implications for public policy and
private action. The conference papers and discussions were
turned into a book, Toward the Prevention of Alcohol Problems:
Government, Business, and Community Action, published in 1984.
The present volume represents a third phase of this National
Research Council effort to inform and advance the discussion
of preventive approaches to alcohol problems. Steve Olson was
commissioned by the National Academy Press, publisher of the
two earlier volumes, to distill those works into a shorter and
more accessible form, with advice from members of the study
panels responsible for those efforts, other reviewers, and me.
The present volume, while derived from the earlier efforts, has
been written and reviewed with an eye toward current trends
in research on prevention and relevant areas of public and
private action. A test of further readings and resources appears
as an appendix.
The subject of preventing alcohol problems is itself repre-
sentative of a broad range of public concerns that have sub-
stantial, though not always well-known, technical and scientific
dimensions. This type of extension and guide to more technical
National Research Council activities and reports is a relatively
new enterprise. it symbolizes a commitment by the National
Research Council> the National Academy Press, and their par-
ent organizations, the National Academy of Sciences, the Na-
tional Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine,
to place greater emphasis on the provision of advice and in-
formation not only to the federal government but also to other
levels of government and to the public.
DEAN R. GERSTEIN, Studly Director
Pane} on Alternative Policies
Affecting the Prevention of
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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Contents
Foreword
Elizabeth H anford D ole
~ . Drinking in America .............
2. Why Prevention?
. . .
............. 111
20
3. Preventing Drunk Driving 32
4. The Price and Availability of Alcohol
5. What Servers Can Do
6. Drinking by Young People
7. Drinking and the Mass Media
8. Reducing Environmental Risk
9. Summary and Outlook
45
70
95
Guide to Information Sources ..................
Pane! Members
Index ...........
V11
........ 113
~9
..................... 121
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- · -
b
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