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To maintain fitness and as part of their job, military women are expected to exercise and are screened at least annually for weight and fitness; however, anecdotal reports suggest that compliance with this expectation varies widely (see Table A-1; Bray, 1996; Friedman, 1996; Graham, 1996; Hernandez, 1996; Herrold, 1996; Picariello, 1996). An estimated 25 to 50 percent of women report that they currently exceed the military weight standard or have difficulty meeting the weight standard, while 5 to 15 percent report a height and weight that converts to a body mass index (BMI, weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) greater than 27 (Baker-Fulco, 1996; Bray, 1996; Hourani, 1996; Verdugo, 1996). It is not surprising then that a variety of studies of Army and Navy women have shown that from 42 to 79 percent are
TABLE A-1 Surveys of U.S. Military Active-Duty Women Quoted by Speakers at the Workshop
Speaker
Survey Cited
Sample
Drake
Eating Disorders Inventory
U.S. Naval Academy cadets
Baker-Fulco
Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database
Army active-duty personnel
Baker-Fulco, King
Eating Attitudes Feelings and Behavior Study
Selected Army personnel
Baker-Fulco, King
Army Food and Nutrition Survey
Selected Army personnel
Baker-Fulco; King
Brief study-unique questionnaires
Selected Army personnel, U.S. Military Academy cadets
Bray
Survey of Health-Related Behaviors among Military Personnel
Department of Defense active-duty personnel
Jones
Health Risk Appraisal
Army active-duty personnel
Hourani
Nutrition Knowledge of Active-Duty Navy Personnel
Navy active-duty personnel
Hourani
Longitudinal Analysis of Lifestyle, Health, and Readiness
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