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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Alcohol use BMD and,190 All Volunteer Force, 215 American Academy of Pediatrics, 147, 151 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), 17, 143, 147, 150-151, 163-164, 165 pregnancy exercise recommendations, 139-142 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), 160, 283 eating disorders definition, 95 physical fitness position, 63 American Dietetic Association Manual of Clinical Dietetics, 89 Americans with Disabilities Act, 72 Anthropometry body composition measurements/techniques, 41-44, 46, 50, 55-56, 161, 221-222 circumference-based measurement, 16, 34, 42, 43, 44, 46, 158, 159, 160, 177-178 ethnic differences, 49 health risks, measure of, 50-51 See also Weight for height Apgar scores, 135 Appearance standard, military body composition and, ix, 3, 52-55 health risks/implications and, 55, 160, 198 military readiness and, ix, 3, 160, 198 women, 27 ARI. See U.S. Army Research Institute (ARI) ARL. See U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Army. See U.S. Army Army Body Composition Program, 246, 247 Army Food and Nutrition Survey, 96, 118, 167, 175 Army Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel Women in the Army Policy Review Group, 70 Army Physical Fitness Update Survey, 183 Army Regulation (AR) 40-25; 17, 109, 161 Army Regulation (AR) 40-501; 6, 128, 255 Army Regulation (AR) 350-41; 5, 66, 69, 255 Army Regulation (AR) 600-9; 5, 36, 88, 95, 177, 239, 254 Army policies. See Specific policies Army Sample Survey of Military Personnel, 94, 134, 175, 179, 194 Army Weight Control Program, 88, 94, 98, 177, 235, 236 Asian populations body composition of Asian women, 224 Athletics Olympic female athletes' mean BMI, 52, 53-54 B Basic combat training (BCT) injury risk, fitness training impact on, gender differences, 77, 189, 192, 243-245 nutritional studies, 116-117, 162, 189 overweight incidence, 92, 94-95 See also Military personnel; Physical training; U.S. Army BCNH committee. See Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women (BCNH committee) BCT. See Basic combat training (BCT) Birth weight, 131, 140, 141, 142, 143-145, 147, 151. See also Pregnancy BMC. See Bone mineral content (BMC) BMD. See Bone mineral density (BMD) BMI. See Body mass index (BMI) Body composition age and, 47 appearance and, 52-55 ethnic differences, 181-182, 223-225 factors affecting, 47-50 gender differences, 181-182 genetic influences on, 47-49 health influence of, 50-51 historical background, 33-37 injury risk and, 50-51 minimum lean body mass, 14, 26, 157-161, 198 physical fitness and, 51-52, 75-80 task performance (load carriage) and, 2-3, 40, 182-183 undernutrition health consequences, 189-193 weight and composition overview, 37-41 See also Bone mineral content (BMC); Bone mineral density (BMD); Body composition assessment; Body composition components; Body fat; Fat-free mass (FFM) Body Composition and Physical Performance, 54, 91, 222, 282 Body composition assessment anthropometric measurements, 20, 41-44, 46, 50, 55-56, 221-222 Army policies/procedures, clinical impact, 246-247 body fat assessment, 34-38, 55 body fat assessment equations, 10-12, 16, 42-44, 46, 55 circumference-based body fat equations, 16, 34, 42, 43, 44, 46, 158, 159, 160, 177-178 civilian law enforcement and fire service policies, x, 288-289 DXA, 40, 45-46, 177-178, 182, 218, 222 field methods, 20, 41-44, 50, 55-56 lactation and, 148-149 military accession minimum standards, 198 military equations, 9, 35, 55, 177, 259 military policies, ix, x, 5-7, 176-179, 254-258 military weight control programs and, 88-92
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