⁴³ Japanese nonbank affiliates reported net losses of $6.6 billion on sales of almost $335 billion in 1992. See Zeile, William. 1994. “Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: 1992 Benchmark Survey Results.” Survey of Current Business.July: 154-185.

⁴⁴ Tsushosangyosho Sangyo Seisaku Kyoku (MITI, Industrial Policy Bureau). 1994. Dai Go Kai Kaigai Jigyo Katsudo Kihon Chosa no Gaiyo(Outline of the 5th Survey on the Activities of Overseas Affiliates). Tokyo: MITI.

⁴⁵ The United States does not impose formal local content requirements on foreign manufacturers. The rules of origin in NAFTA are applied to determine whether products qualify as “North American” for the purpose of trade within NAFTA. Also, the United States has sought and received voluntary commitments from Japanese automakers to increase purchases of components from U.S. manufacturers.