. "4 U.S. and Japanese MNCs and the Shape of Global Competition." Global Economy, Global Technology, Global Corporations: Reports of a Joint Task Force of the National Research Council and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science on the Rights and Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations in an Age of Technological Interdependence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.
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Global Economy, Global Technology, Global Corporations
TABLE 4-12 Software-related Foreign MNC Activities in Japan, October 1992-March 1994
Software Category
Marketing Alliances
Licensing Agreements
Technology Support Agreements
Direct Investments
Total
CAD/CAM/CAE
13
3
16
Database-related
10
4
14
Semiconductor design software
7
2
9
Network-related
7
1
8
Operating systems
2
2
3
7
CASE tools
4
1
1
1
7
Utilities
5
5
Software titles
5
5
Application development tools
4
1
5
GUI development tools
3
1
4
CD-ROM software titles
3
1
4
Image management software
3
3
Analysis software
3
3
Telecommunications
2
2
Pen interface
2
2
Authoring tools
1
1
2
Integration software
1
1
2
Other
41
2
15
58
Total
111
8
2
35
156
SOURCE: Long-Term Credit Bank Institute of Research and Consulting,compiled from M&A Review.
NOTES AND REFERENCES
1 Encarnation, 1992, p. 149.
2 Yoshitomi, Masaru. 1995. “Developing New International Divisions of Labor in East Asia and Building a New U.S.-Pacific Asia Relationship.” Conference paper presented at the American Enterprise Institute, April 5, 1995.
3 Graham, Edward M. and Naoko T. Anzai. 1994. “The Myth of a De Facto Asian Economic Bloc: Japan's Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia” Columbia Journal of World Business24:6.
4 Graham and Anzai, 1994, and Frankel, Jeffrey A. 1993. “Is Japan Creating a Yen Bloc in East Asia and the Pacific?” in Regionalism and Rivalry: Japan and the United States in Pacific Asia , Jeffrey A. Frankel and Miles Kahler, eds., Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 53-87.
5 Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1994. Japan's ODA: Annual Report 1993.Tokyo: Association for the Promotion of International Cooperation, p. 86.
6 Ensign, Margee. 1992. Doing Good or Doing Well? Japan's Foreign Aid Program.New York: Columbia University Press.