should be remarked that "development" has come to include—not only in Native Alaska, but generally in the world—a growing aspiration for self-determination, both as the means and the end. The people seek a measure of governance, one that will allow them to shape their own future—not only in ways that safeguard their language, values, and customs but according to these cultural desiderata. Such distinctive control by and for members of local communities has thus become a crucial condition of development. Many of the hopes for the CDQ program that NRC committee members encountered in their site visits came from this promise of self-determination—by invidious contrast to welfare handouts and other projects that wind up confirming people in their dependency without relieving their despondency.