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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

REVIEW OF THE Research Program of the PARTNERSHIP for a NEW GENERATION of VEHICLES FOURTH REPORT

Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

Transportation Research Board

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D. C.
1998

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is interim president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22-94-G-07414 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 98-84940

International Standard Book Number: 0-309-06087-7

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Copyright 1998 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

STANDING COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES

TREVOR O. JONES (chair),

NAE,1 Echlin, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio

HARRY E. COOK,

NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

R. GARY DIAZ,

Navistar, Chicago, Illinois

DAVID E. FOSTER,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

DAVID HAGEN,

The Engineering Society of Detroit, Southfield, Michigan

SIMONE HOCHGREB,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

FRITZ KALHAMMER,

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California

JOHN G. KASSAKIAN,

NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

HAROLD H. KUNG,

Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

CRAIG MARKS,

NAE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

JOHN NEWMAN,

University of California, Berkeley

JEROME G. RIVARD,

NAE, Global Technology and Business Development, Harrison Township, Michigan

VERNON P. ROAN,

University of Florida, Palm Beach Gardens

SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN,

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

F. BLAKE WALLACE,

Allison Engine Company (retired), Indianapolis, Indiana

Committee Subgroup on Nonelectrochemical Storage Devices

DAVID HAGEN (chair)

CRAIG MARKS

JEROME G. RIVARD

Committee Subgroup on Electrical and Electronic Systems

JOHN G. KASSAKIAN (chair)

JEROME G. RIVARD

R. GARY DIAZ

Committee Subgroup on Systems Analysis

JEROME G. RIVARD (chair)

R. GARY DIAZ

JOHN G. KASSAKIAN

HARRY E. COOK

1  

NAE=National Academy of Engineering

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

Committee Subgroup on Batteries and Ultracapacitors

SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN (chair)

FRITZ KALHAMMER

JOHN NEWMAN

VERNON P. ROAN

Committee Subgroup on Fuels

CRAIG MARKS (chair)

DAVID E. FOSTER

SIMONE HOCHGREB

HAROLD H. KUNG

JOHN NEWMAN

Committee Subgroup on Fuel Cells

VERNON P. ROAN (chair)

SUPRAMANIAM SRINIVASAN

SIMONE HOCHGREB

FRITZ KALHAMMER

HAROLD H. KUNG

JOHN NEWMAN

Committee Subgroup on Internal Combustion Engines

DAVID E. FOSTER (chair)

CRAIG MARKS

DAVID HAGEN

SIMONE HOCHGREB

HAROLD H. KUNG

Committee Subgroup on Continuous Combustion Engines

F. BLAKE WALLACE (chair)

VERNON P. ROAN

R. GARY DIAZ

CRAIG MARKS

JEROME G. RIVARD

Committee Subgroup on Materials

HARRY E. COOK (chair)

DAVID HAGEN

F. BLAKE WALLACE

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

Committee Subgroup on Vehicle Technology Selection

CRAIG MARKS (chair)

HARRY E. COOK

DAVID E. FOSTER

DAVID HAGEN

Committee Subgroup on Cost Analysis

TREVOR O. JONES (chair)

DAVID HAGEN

JEROME G. RIVARD

Project Staff

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director,

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)

NAN HUMPHREY, senior program officer,

Transportation Research Board (TRB)

SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, senior project assistant and financial associate,

(BEES)

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

ROBERT L. HIRSCH (chair),

Advanced Power Technologies, Inc., Washington, D. C.

RICHARD MESERVE (vice chair),

Covington and Burling, Washington, D. C.

EVERET H. BECKNER,

Lockheed Martin Corporation, Albuquerque, New Mexico

JAN BEYEA, Consulting in the Public Interest,

Lambertville, New Jersey

CHARLES CURTIS,

Hogan and Hartson, Washington, D. C. (through February 1998)

E. GAIL DE PLANQUE,NAE,1 former commissioner of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,

Potomac, Maryland

WILLIAM L. FISHER,

NAE, University of Texas, Austin

WILLIAM FULKERSON,

Oak Ridge National Laboratories (retired), and University of Tennessee, Knoxville

ROY G. GORDON,

NAS,2 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

EDWIN E. KINTNER,

NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired), Norwich, Vermont

K. ANNE STREET,

GEO-CENTERS, Rockville, Maryland

LINDA GILLESPIE STUNTZ,

Stuntz and Davis, P.C., Washington, D.C.

JAMES SWEENEY,

Stanford University, Stanford, California

KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,

NAE, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan

IRVIN WHITE,

UTECH, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia

Liason Members from the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

RUTH M. DAVIS,

NAE, Pymatuning Group, Inc. Alexandria, Virginia

LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,

NAE, Bechtel Technology and Consulting, San Francisco, California

Staff

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director

TRACY WILSON, senior program officer

JILL WILSON, senior program officer

SUSANNA CLARENDON, financial associate

PATRICIA SPAULDING, project assistant (through February 6, 1998)

1  

NAE=National Academy of Engineering

2  

NAS=National Academy of Sciences

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

Acknowledgments

The committee wishes to thank all the members of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles who contributed significantly of their time and effort to this National Research Council study, whether by giving presentations at meetings, providing responses to committee requests for information, or hosting site visits. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of organizations outside the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, including organizations outside the United States that provided information on advanced vehicle technologies and development initiatives. Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the committee members and the staff of the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems of the National Research Council for their hard work organizing and planning committee meetings and for their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.

This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the follow individuals for their participation in the review of this report: William Agnew, General Motors Research Laboratories (retired); Tom Cackett, California Air Resources Board; Robert Frosch, Harvard University; John Heywood, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Longwell, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Phillip Myers, University of

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

Wisconsin; Lawrence T. Papay, Bechtel Technology and Consulting; and Dale Stein, Michigan Technological University (retired).

While the individuals listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
×

Tables and Figures

TABLES

ES-1

 

Most Promising Technologies Selected by PNGV in 1997,

 

6

2-1

 

Critical Characteristics of the CIDI Engine vs. PNGV Milestone Targets,

 

25

2-2

 

PNGV Design Targets for Short-Term Energy Storage,

 

41

2-3

 

Vehicle Weight Reduction Targets for the Goal 3 Vehicle,

 

51

3-1

 

Response of the PNGV Systems Analysis Team to the Committee's Third Report,

 

58

4-1

 

Attributes of the PNGV Goal 3 Vehicle,

 

63

4-2

 

PNGV Criteria for Year 2000 Concept Vehicle Technology Selection,

 

64

4-3

 

Most Promising Technologies Selected by the PNGV in 1997,

 

66

6-1

 

Fuel Comparison for the Technologies Selected for the Concept Vehicles,

 

77

6-2

 

PNGV's Assessment of Major Barriers and Program Needs,

 

81

FIGURES

ES-1

 

Relative fuel economy projections for various vehicle/power train configurations,

 

7

4-1

 

Relative fuel economy projections for various vehicle/power train configurations,

 

67

4-2

 

Alternatives for energy conversion,

 

68

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Fourth Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6127.
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This book examines the state of development and research progress of technologies being considered for a new generation of vehicles that could achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable 1994 family sedans. It addresses advanced automotive technologies including engines, fuel cells, batteries, flywheels, power electronics, and lightweight materials being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles—a cooperative research and development program between the U.S. government and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research. The book assesses the relevance of the ongoing research to PNGV's goals and schedule, the program's adequacy and balance, and addresses several issues such as the benefits of hybrid versus nonhybrid vehicles and the importance of the sports utility vehicle market.

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