Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 183
References
A.L. Nellum and Associates
1980 Impacts of SYEP Participation on Work-Related Behavior and
Attitudes of Disadvantaced Youth, Final Report.
D.C.: A.L. Nellum and Associates.
Anderson, E.
Washington,
1980 Some observations on black youth unemployment. Pp. 64-87 in
_ ~ ~ ~ T or O^...h; 11 hick v^~Ph litmninvm~nt And
-- ~nCl~11 Ally 1-V· ~=W111~ ~ ~ I _- ~ ~
Public Policy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Argento, B.J., K. Flaherty, D.M. Geller, and R. Thurman
1982 Job Corps' Educational Improvement Effort: Phase III Final
.
Report. Washington, D.C.:
Team Associates.
Bailar, B.A., and N.D. ~otnwe~
1984 Measuring employment and unemployment.
Turner and E. Martin, eds., Surveying Subjective Phenomena.
Volume 2. New York:
Pp. 129-142 in C.F.
Russell Sage Foundation and Basic Books.
Ball, J., and C. Wolfhagen, with D. Gerould, and L. Solnick
1981 The Partici ation of Private Businesses as Work sponsors in
P.
the Youth Entitlement Demonstration.
Demonstration Research Corporation.
Barth, P.S.
1972 On interprogram manpower studies.
New York: Manpower
Pp. 3-11 in M.E. Borus,
ea., Evaluating the Impact of Manpower Programs. Lexington,
Mass.: D.C. Heath.
Bassi, L.J., M.C. Simms, L.C. Burbridge, and C.L. Betsey
1984 Measuring the Effect of CETA on Youth and the Economically
Disadvantaged. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
Becker, G.
1957 The Economi = . Chicago, Ill.: University
.
of Chicago Press.
Betsey, C.L., and B.H. Dunson
1981 Federal minimum wage laws and the employment of minority
youth. American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings
May:379-384.
Borjas, G.
1983 The Demographic Determinants of the Demand for Black Labor.
Paper presented at Conference on Inner City Black Youth
183
OCR for page 183
184
Unemployment, sponsored by Harvard University and the National
Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.
Bowers, N.
1981 Have employment patterns in recessions changed? Monthlv Labor
Review February:15-28.
Brown, C., C. Gilroy, and A. Kohen
1982 The effect of the minimum wage on employment and
unemployment. Journal of Economic Literature 20:487-528.
Bureau of the Census
1973
Volume 1 Characteristics of the Population; Part 1, United
States Summary-Section 2. Chapter D: Detailed
Characteristics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of
Commerce.
1979 I ustrative Projections of World Populations to the 21st
Century. Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 79.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
1982 Projections of the Population of the United States:
1982-2050. Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 922.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
1984 Fertility of American Women. Current Population Reports,
Series P-20, No. 395. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of
Commerce.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
1982 Labor Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
1983 Handbook of Labor Statistics. Bulletin 2175. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
1984 Employment of School Age Youth, Graduates and Dropouts.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
Cain, G.G.
1968 Benefit/Cost Estimates for Job Corps. Unpublished paper.
Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin.
Cogan, J.F.
1982 The decline of black teenage employment: 1950-1970. American
Economic Review (September)72:621-638.
Cole, L.F., J.M. Goodison, and D.A. Rock
1982 The Social Demography of Participants and Controls in Youth
Employment and Demonstration Projects Act (YEDPA) Programs:
Information Derived from the Standard Assessment System Data
Base. Final Data Base Report No. 1, Technical Report No. 23.
Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service.
Congressional Budget Office
1978 Youth Unemployment: The Outlook and Some Policy Strategies.
Washington, D.C.: Congressional Budget Office.
1982 Improving Youth Employment Prospects: Issues and Options.
Washington, D.C.: Congressional Budget Office.
Corcoran, M.
1982 The employment and wage consequences of teenage women's
nonemployment. Pp. 391-425 in R.B. Freeman and D.A. Wise,
eds., The Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and
Consequences. National Bureau of Economic Research Conference
Report. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
OCR for page 183
185
Corporation for Public/Private Ventures
1983 Longer Term Impacts of Pre-Employment Services on the
Employment and Earnings of Disadvantaged Youth. Philadelphia,
Pa.: Corporation for Public/Private Ventures.
Crane J., and D.T. Ellwood
1984 The Summer Youth Employment Program: Private Job Supplement
or Substitute. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, under Grant No. 92A-82. Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University.
Culp, J.M., and B.H. Dunson
1983 Brothers of a Different Color: A Preliminary Look at Employer
Treatment of White and Black Youth. Unpublished manuscript.
Diaz, W.A., J. Ball, C. Wolfhagen, with J. Gueron, S. Sheber, and A.
Widman
1982 Linking School and Work for Disadvantaged Youths, The YIEPP
Demonstration: Final Implementation Report. New York:
Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
Dickinson, K.P., T.R. Johnson, and R.W. West
1984 An Analysis of the Impact of CETA Programs on Participants'
Earnings. Menlo Park, Calif.: SRI International.
Duncan, O.D.
1984 Notes on Social Measurement: Historical and Critical. New
-
York: Russell Sage Foundation and Basic Books.
Educational Testing Service
1980 Knowledge Development Framework: The Standardized Assessment
.,
System. Youth Knowledge Development Report. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
Eleey, M.F., and R.D. Leone
1982 An Evaluation of the Program Effects of Jobs-for Delaware
Graduates, Inc. Center for Labor and Human Resource Studies.
Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University.
Ellwood, D.
1982 Teenage unemployment: permanent scars or temporary blemishes
Pp. 349-390 in R.B. Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The Youth
Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences.
National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report.
Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
1983 The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: Are There Teenage Jobs
Missing in the Ghetto? Paper presented at Conference on Inner
City Black Youth Unemployment, sponsored by Harvard University
and the National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.
Ellwood, D.T., and D.A. Wise
1983 Youth Employment in the Seventies: The Changing Patterns of
Young Adults. NBER Working Paper No. 1055. Cambridge,
Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Parkas, G., D.A. Smith, and E.W. Stromsdorfer
1983 The youth entitlement demonstration: subsidized employment
with a schooling requirement. Journal of Human Resources
18~4~: 557-573.
OCR for page 183
186
Farkas, G., R. Olsen, E.W. Stromsdorfer, L.C. Sharpe, F. Skidmore, D.A.
Smith, and S. Merrill
1984 Post-Program Impacts of the Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot
Projects. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research
Corporation.
Farkas, G., D.A. Smith, E.W. Stromsdorfer, G. Trask, and R. Jerrett, III
1982 Impacts from the Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Projects:
Participation Work and Schooling Over the Full Program Period.
New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
Feldstein, M., and D. Ellwood
1982 Teenage unemployment: what is the problem? Pp. 17-33 in R.B.
Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The Youth Labor Market Problem:
Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences. National Bureau of
-
Economic Research Conference Report. Chicago, Ill.:
University of Chicago Press.
Fleisher, B.M.
1981 Minimum Wage Regulation in Retail Trade. Washington, D.C.:
American Enterprise Institute.
Foster, H.L.
1974 Ribbin', Jivin', and Playin' the Dozens: The Unrecognized
Dilemma of Inner-City Schools. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger.
,
Freeman, R.B.
1973 Changes in the labor market for black Americans, 1948-1972.
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1. Washington,
D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
1980 Why is there a youth labor market problem? Pp. 6-32 in B.E.
Anderson and I.V. Sawhill, eds., Youth Employment and Public
Policy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
1982 Economic determinants of geographic and individual variation
in the labor market position of young persons. Pp. 115-154 in
R.B. Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The Youth Labor Market
Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences. National
Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report. Chicago r
Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
Freeman, R.B., and H.J. Holzer
1985 Young blacks and jobs: what we now know. PubliC Interest
78:18-31.
Freeman, R.B., and J.L. Medoff
1982 Why does the rate of youth labor force activity differ across
surveys? Pp. 75-114 in R.B. Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The
Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and
Consequences. National Bureau of Economic Research Conference
Report. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
R.B., and D.A. Wise, eds.
The Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and
Consequences. National Bureau of Economic Research Conference
Report. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
Fuller, W.C., and V.I. Nelson
1982 A Framework For Synthesis of Youth Demonstration Projects
Data. Unpublished paper.
OCR for page 183
187
Goldstein, J.H.
1973 The effectiveness of manpower training programs: a review of
research on the impact on the poor. Studies in Public
Welfare, Paper No. 3. Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy, Joint
Economic Committee of the Congress of the United States.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Gould, W., M. Ward, and F. Welch
1982 Measuring Displacement; An Econometric Approach. Los Angeles,
Calif.: Unicon Research Corporation.
Gueron, J.
1984 Lessons From a Job Guarantee: The Youth Incentive Entitlement
Pilot Project. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research
Corporation.
Hahn, A., and R. Lerman
1983 The CETA Youth Employment Record. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Department of Labor.
1984 What Works in Youth Employment Policy? Washington, D.C.: National
Planning Association.
Hall, R.E.
1982 The minimum wage and job turnover in markets for young
workers. In R.B. Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The Youth Labor
Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences.
Chicago, Ill.; University of Chicago Press.
Hashimoto, M.
1982 Minimum wage effects on training on the job. American
Economic Review 72:1070-1087.
Heckman, J.J.
1979 Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica
47(January):153-161.
Hindelang, M.J., T. Hirschi, and J.G. Weis
1981 Measuring Delinquency. Volume 123, Sage Library of Social
Research. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.
Johnson, G.E.
1979 The labor market displacement effect in the analysis of the
net impact of manpower training programs. Pp. 227-257 in F.E.
Bloch, ea., Evaluating Manpower Training Programs. Research
in Labor Economics. Supplement I. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI
Press.
Kemper, P.
1980 Supported Work Evaluation Supplementary Paper: Indirect Labor
Market Effects in Benefit-Cost Analysis. Princeton, N.J.:
Mathematica Policy Research.
Kerachsky, S., and C. Mallar
1977 Evaluation of the Economic Impact of the Job Corps Program:
Interim Report, Volume I. Princeton, N.J.: Mathematica
Policy Research.
Kosters, M., and F. Welch
1972 Effects of the minimum wage on the distribution of changes in
aggregate employment. American Economic Review 62:323-332.
Lazear, E.P., and F.H. Miller
1981 Minimum wages versus minimum compensation. In Minimum Wage
Study Commission, Report of the Minimum Wage Study
Commission. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Office.
OCR for page 183
188
Leonard, J.S.
1984 The Interaction of Residential Segregation and Employment
Discrimination. NBER Working Paper No. 1274. Cambridge,
Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Lerman, R.I.
1980a An analysis of youth employment problems. In Vice President's
Task Force on Youth Employment, A Review of Youth Employment
Problems, Programs and Policies. Volume I. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
198Ob The Future of the Youth Employment Problem: A Review Paper.
Technical Analysis Paper No. 69, Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Policy, Evaluation and Research. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
Mallar, C., S. Kerachsky, C. Thornton, and D. Long
1982 Evaluation of the Economic Impact of the Job Corps Program,
Third Follow-Up Report. Princeton, N.J.: Mathematica Policy
Research.
Mare, R.D., and C. Winship
1983 Racial Socioeconomic Convergence and the Paradox of Black
Youth Joblessness: Enrollment, Enlistment, and Employment,
1964-1981. NORC Economics Research Center Discussion Paper.
Chicago, Ill.:
Masters, S.
1981 The effects of Supported Work on the earnings and transfer
payments of its AFDC target group. Journal of Human Resources
16(4):600-636.
Mathematica Policy Research
1984 An Assessment of Alternative Comparison Group Methodologies
for Evaluating Employment and Training Programs. Princeton,
N.J.: Mathematica Policy Research.
National Opinion Research Center.
Maynard, R.
1980
Maynard,
1982
The Impact of Supported Work on Young School Dropouts.
Princeton, N.J.: Mathematica Policy Research.
R., E. Cavin, and J. Schore
Post-Program Impacts of Supported Work on Young School
Dronouts: Results from a Follow-UP survey. Princeton, N.J.:
Mathematica Policy Research.
Meter, P.
1972 The biggest public health experiment ever: the 1954 field
trial of the Salk poliomyelitis vaccine. In J. Tanur, ea.,
Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown. San Francisco, Calif.:
Holden-Day.
Meyer, R., and D. Wise
1982 High school preparation and early labor force experience. Pp.
O77_~47 ; n ~ R Ron And n A wise . eds.. The Youth Labor
Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences.
National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report.
Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
Mincer, J.E.
1976 Unemployment effects of minimum wages.
Economy 84: S104.
Journal of Political
OCR for page 183
189
Minimum Wage Study Commission
1981 Report of the Minimum Wage Study Commission. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Moeller, J., R. Hayes, and I. Witt
1983 Socioeconomic Impacts of Recent Government-Subsidized
Employment and Training Programs on Youth. Washington, D.C.:
Policy Research Group.
Murphy, R.T., and L.R. Appel
1981 Assessment of the National Puerto Rican Forum School to Work
-
Program, Year 1, October 1979-June 1980. Technical Report No.
11. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service.
National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics
1979 Counting the Labor Force. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
National Council on Employment Policy
1980a An Anatomy of School-to-Work Transition Projects. Prepared by
B. Dunn and R. Taggart. Washington, D.C. National Council
on Emolovment Pol ICY .
, ,, _
1980b Getting There: A Case Study Report on the Lives, Employment
Preparation, and Prospects of YEDPA Participants. Based on
the findings of the Youth Perspectives Project, November
1978-June 1979. Prepared by B. Snedeker. Washington, D.C.:
National Council on Employment Policy.
1980c Overview to the Local Focus on Youth: A Review of Prime
Sponsor Experience Implementing the Youth Employment and
Demonstration Projects Act. Prepared by G. Wurzburg.
Washington, D.C.: National Council on Employment Policy e
Youth and the Local Employment Agenda: An Analysis of Prime
Sponsor Experience Implementing the Youth Employment and
Demonstration Projects Act. Overview and Area Summaries,
Final Report. Prepared by G. Wurzburg. Washington, D.C.:
National Council on Employment Policy.
Ogbu, J.U.
1984 Minority Education and Caste. New York: Academic Press.
1985a Cultural Boundaries and Minority Youth Orientation Toward
Work. Paper delivered at Symposium on Adolescents'
Orientation Toward Work, Institute for Human Development,
University of California, Berkeley.
1985b Stockton, California, revisited: joining the labor force. In
K.M. Borman, ea., Becoming a Worker. New York: Ablex.
Osterman, P.
1980a The employment problems of black youth: a review of the
evidence and some policy suggestions. In Vice President's
Task Force on Youth EmPloyment, A Review of Youth Employment
1980d
Problems, Programs and Policies. Volume II. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
1980b Getting Started: The Youth Labor Market. Cambridge, Mass.:
MIT Press.
Perry, C., B. Anderson, R. Rowan, and H. Northrup
1975 The Impact of Government Manpower Programs in General, and on
Minorities and Women. Industrial Research Unit, The Wharton
School. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
OCR for page 183
190
Polit, D., J. Kahn, and D. Stevens
1985 Final Impacts From Project Redirection:
A Program for
Pregnant and Parenting Teens. New York: Manpower
Demonstration Research Corporation.
Presser, H., and W. Baldwin
1980 Child care as a constraint on employment: prevalence,
correlates, and bearing on the work and fertility nexus.
American Journal of Sociology 85:1202-1213.
Rees, A., and W. Gray
1982 Family effects in youth employment. Pp. 453-473 in R.B.
Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The Youth Labor Market Problem:
Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences. Chicago, Ill.:
University of Chicago Press.
Reimers, C.W.
1983 Labor market discrimination against Hispanic and black men.
Review of Economics and Statistics 65:570-579.
Rivera-Casale, C., B. Friedman, and R. Lerman
1982 Can Employer or Worker Subsidies Raise Youth Employment? An
Evaluation of Two Financial Incentive Programs for
Disadvantaged Youth. Center for Employment and Income
Studies, Heller Graduate School. Waltham, Mass.: Brandeis
University.
Rock, D.A., N.E. Freeberg, D.A. Trismen, and J.M. Goodison
1982 Demonstration Programs For Youth Employment Training: The
Evaluation of Various Categories of YEDPA Program Sites.
Final Data Base Report No. 2, Technical Report No. 24.
Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service.
Rossi, P.H., and M.D. Ornstein
1973 The impact of labor market entry factors: illustrations from
the Hopkins Social Accounts Project. In W. Muller and K.U.
Mayer, Social Stratification and Career Mobility. Paris:
Mouton.
Scharfman, V.S.
1981 The Supported Work Youth Variation: An Enriched Program for
Young High School Drop-outs. New York: Manpower
Demonstration Research Corporation.
Stevenson, W.
1978 The relationship between early work experience and future
employability. In A. Adams and G. Mangum, eds., The Lingering
Crisis of Youth Unemployment. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Upjohn
Institute for Employment Research.
R.
Youth Knowledge Development:
Unpublished paper.
Treiman, D.J., and H.I. Hartmann, eds.
1981 Women, Work, and Wages: Equal
Taggart,
1980
The Process and Product.
for Jobs of Equal Value.
Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis,
National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National
Academy Press.
OCR for page 183
191
Trismen, D.A.
1982 Assessment of the National Puerto Rican Forum Program,
1980-1981. Technical Report No. 20. Princeton, N.J.:
Educational Testing Service.
Turner, C.F., and E. Martin, eds.
1981 Surveys of Subjective Phenomena: Summary Report. Panel on
Survey Measurement of Subjective Phenomena, Committee on
National Statistics, National Research Council. Washington,
D.C.: National Academy Press.
1984 Surveying Subjective Phenomena. Panel on Survey Measurement
of Subjective Phenomena, Committee on National Statistics,
National Research Council. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
and Basic Books.
U.S. Congress
1977 Conference Report 95-456. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Commerce
1982 Statistical Abstract of United States 1980-82. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
1985 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
U.S. Department of Labor
1978 Employment and Training Report of the President. Annual
to report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
1982
1980a Factbook on Youth. Youth Knowledge Development Report 2.5.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
1980b Knowledge Development Activities Fiscal 1978-1979. Youth
Knowledge Development Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Department of Labor.
1980c Knowledge Development Framework: The Knowledge Development
Agenda. Youth Knowledge Development Report. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
1985a Economic Report of the President. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Department of Labor.
1985b Employment and Earnings 32~1~. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Department of Labor.
U.S. General Accounting Office
1979 More Effective Management is Needed to Improve the Quality of
the Summer Youth Employment Program. Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Government Printing Office.
Venti, S.F.
1984 The effects of income maintenance on work, schooling, and
non-market activities of youth. Review of Economics and
Statistics 66:16-25.
Venti, S.F., and D.A. Wise
1984 Income Maintenance and the School-Work Decisions of Youth.
Unpublished manuscript.
Vice President's Task Force on Youth Employment
1980 A Review of Youth Employment Problems, Programs and Policies.
Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
OCR for page 183
192
Wachter, M., and C. Kim
1982 Times series changes in youth joblessness. Pp. 155-198 in
R.B. Freeman and D.A. Wise, eds., The Youth Labor Market
Problem: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences. National
Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report. Chicago,
Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
Welch, F., and J. Cunningham
1978 Effects of minimum wages on the level and age composition of
youth unemployment. Review of Economics and Statistics
60:140-145.
Bureau of Economic Research Conference Renort.
Westat, Inc.
1981 Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey. Net Impact Report
No. 1. Impact of 1977 Earnings on New FY 1976 CETA Enrollees
in Selected Program Activities. Rockville, Md.:
1982 Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey. Net Impact Report
No. 2. Impact of CETA on 1978 Earnings: Participants Who
Entered CETA During July 1976 through June 1977. Draft.
Rockville, Md.: Westat, Inc.
1984 Summary of Net Impact Results. Rockville, Md.: Westat, Inc
Williams, G.D., E.P. Davin, B. Barrett, and J.M. Richards, Jr.
1981 Report on Impacts: Study of New Youth Initiatives in
Apprenticeship.
Westat, Inc
Washington, D.C.: CSR, Inc.
Woltman, H.R., and W.W. Walton
1968 Evaluation of the War on Poverty: The Feasibility of
Benefit-Cost Analysis for Manpower Programs. Unpublished
report prepared for the U.S. General Accounting Office.
Bethesda, Md.: Resource Management Corporation.
Zimmerman, D.
1980 A Study of the Value of Output of Participants in the Summer
Youth Employment Program. Draft Final Report. Princeton,
N.J.: Mathematica Policy Research
.
.