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OCR for page 137
Index
A
Abomasum. See Small intestine
processes
Absorption, 4. See also Nitrogen
metabolism
Acronym list, 4-6
Albumins, 34
Alfalfa, 25, 33
Amino acid metabolism. See Nitro-
gen metabolism; Protein me-
tabolism
Ammonia
effect on proteolysis, 35
microbial growth requirement,
39
ruminal production, 31-32, 68
Assay procedures, 24-25
B
Bacteria. See Ruminal microbes
Bacteroides amylophilus, 28
Barley, 32
Blood meal, 32, 33
Bone meal, 32
Brewers grains, 25, 32, 33
C
Carbohydrate requirements, 38
Chemical treatment of feeds, 35
36, 52
Ciliate protozoa, 37, 39
Citrus pulp, 25
Computer programs, 73-74, 112-
134
acronym list, 4-6
Conceptus protein requirement, 10,
13, 63-64, 71
Corn, 32
Corn gluten meal, 32, 33
Cottonseed meal, 32
Cottonseeds, 32
D
Degradation. See Protein metabo-
lism
Diet calculations, 66-74
computer programs, 73-74, 112-
134
daily absorbed true protein
needed, 70-71
daily need of true protein in
small intestine, 71
example and form for, 72-73
flow of true protein to small
intestine, 71-72
intestinal absorption of nitrogen,
69
metabolic fecal nitrogen, 69-70
microbial nitrogen uptake and
efficiency, 68-69
nitrogen available in rumen for
microbial synthesis, 72
protein fraction and degradation,
25-27, 66-67
recycled nitrogen, 60-61, 68
ruminal ammonia, 68
utilization of nonprotein nitro-
gen, 73, 108-112
Distillers grains, 25, 32, 33
E
Energy standards, 15-16
Ensiled feeds, 35
Ethanol, 36
European protein systems, 7, 8. See
also Protein systems
137
Excretion of nitrogen, 60-61
fecal loss, 53, 55-56
Extruded feedstuffs, 35
F
Fecal metabolic protein, 10, 12,
18-22, 62, 69-70, 72
Fecal nitrogen loss, 53, S5-56
Feed additives, 1
Feed calculations. See Diet calcula-
tions
Feed evaluation, 23-27
protein fractions and degrada-
tion, 25-27, 66-67
protein indigestibility, 25
protein requirements, 109-112
ruminal degradation estimation,
23-25
soluble protein, 31, 32
undegraded protein, 32-33, 90-
97
usefulness of urea addition, 108
109
Feed processing and storage, 35-36,
52
Fish meal, 32
Flagellate protozoa, 37
Flaked feeds, 35
Fluid dilution rate, 34, 41
Forage intake effects, 41
Forages, 32-33
Formaldehyde-treated casein, 35
Formic acid-formaldehyde, 35
Fungi, 40
G
Globulins, 34
Gluconeogenesis, 59
Glutelins, 34
OCR for page 138
138 Index
Growth
bacterial growth requirements,
7, 38-39, 72
microbial growth and flow, 40-
45, 98-107
ruminant protein requirement,
10, 13-14, 62-65, 71
Heat effects, 35
Holotrich protozoa, 37, 39
Intake protein (IP), 8, 16
fate of, 7, 28
See also Protein metabolism
Isopropanol, 35-36
Lactation protein requirement, 10,
13, 64-65, 71
Large intestine processes, 53-56
M
Maintenance protein requirement,
10, 12-13, 62, 70, 72
Meat meal, 32, 33
Microbes. See Ruminal microbes
Milk protein output, 21
Mineral requirements, 39
Models, 14-15
Monensin, 34-35
N
Nitrogen metabolism
excretion, 60-61
in large intestine, 53-56
overview, 1-3
research areas, 74
in small intestine, 46-52, 135-
136
in tissues, S7-65
Nitrogen requirements, 39, 72
Nutrient requirements
of bacteria, 7, 38-39, 72
of protozoa, 39-40
o
Oats, 32
Oligotrich protozoa, 37
p
Pelleted feeds, 35
pH effects, 35, 39
Plasma, free amino acid concentra- protozoa, 37, 39-40
lion, 58 spirochetes, 40
Pregnancy protein requirement, 10, S
13, 63-64, 71
Production protein requirement,
10, 13-14, 62-65, 70, 72
Prolamines, 34
Propanol, 36
Protein metabolism
degradation measurement, 23
25, 29-32
factors influencing, 33-36
fraction and degradation, 25-27,
66-70
mechanism, 7, 28-29
parameter names, 4-6
protein digestibility, 55
protein indigestibility, 25
protein requirements for beef
cattle, 109-112
protein solubility, 30-31
in reticulo-rumen, 28-36
undegraded protein in feedstuffs,
32-33, 90-97
Protein structure, 34
Protein systems, 7-22
absorbed protein availability,
factors tabulated, 7-8, 11-12
absorbed protein requirement,
factors distinguished, 10, 12
14
comparison and evaluation, 15
22
data table, 89
models identified, 14-15
ten systems identified, 7, 8
Protozoa, 37, 39-40
Scurf protein, 62
Silage, 25
Small intestine processes, 46-52
absorption mechanisms, 47
apparent absorption, 47-48, 69,
135-136
digestion system, 46-47
endogenous nitrogen loss, 48
nitrogen metabolism in intestinal
tissues, 51
nitrogen supply, 46
protein flow to intestine, 17-18,
71-72
true absorption, 48-S1, 69
Soluble proteins, 30, 32
Soybean meal, 32
Spirochetes, 40
Steam rolling, 35
Surface protein, 10, 13
T
Tannin, 35
Temperature effects, 34
Tissue metabolic processes, 57-65
amino acid metabolism, 57-61
protein requirements, 10, 12-14,
61-65, 70-71
U
Undegraded intake protein (UIP), 7
absorption in small intestine, 51
animal needs, 28
See also Protein degradation
Urea
feed addition, usefulness values,
73, 108-109
hydrolysis in large intestine, 53
recycled urea nitrogen, 7, 60-61,
68, 74
Urinary crude protein, 20-21
Urinary endogenous protein, 7, 10,
13, 62
Reproduction protein requirement,
10, 13, 63-64, 71
Retention time, 34
Ruminal degradation. See Protein
metabolism
Ruminal microbes, 1, 37-45
absorption in small intestine, 50- V
51
bacteria classes, 37 Vitamin requirements, 39
bacterial nutrient requirement,
7, 38-38, 72
fungi, 40
growth and flow, 40-45, 98-107
populations, 37
W
Weight change in lactation, protein
requirement, 10, 13
Representative terms from entire chapter:
protein metabolism
