Questions? Call 800-624-6242 About | Ordering | New Menu | Items in cart [0] SEARCH

HARDBACK price:$44.95 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Free Resources PDF SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles 50 Years of Ocean Discovery:National Science Foundation 1950-2000 Exploration of the Seas: Voyage into the Unknown Other Related Titles Global Ocean Science: Toward an Integrated Approach (1999) Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER) Ocean Studies Board (OSB) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "Appendix F: Summary Budget Data." Global Ocean Science: Toward an Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999. Please select a format: Page 128   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Appendix F Summary Budget Data Total NSF/OCE Funding from 1970 to 1997 (during and post-IDOE) in Current Dollars (millions) Fiscal Year OCE (without IDOE) IDOE 1970 23.06* 0 1971 25.68* 15 1972 36.33* 19.67 1973 33.26* 16.93 1974 42.65* 13.79 1975 46.42* 14.78 1976 43.49* 15.42 1977 48.89* 17.14 1978 53.21* 18.37 1979 54.56* 19.46 1980 85.78* 0 1981 96.87* 0 1982 95.03* 0 1983 102.53* 0 1984 114.28 0 1985 121.28 0 1986 119.42 0 1987 133.74 0 1988 134.95 0 1989 145.88 0 1990 147.35 0 1991 164.63 0 1992 177.5 0 1993 179.4 0 1994 188.9 0 1995 192.8 0 1996 193.6 0 1997 201.8 0 SOURCE:  Information provided by the Ocean Sciences (OCE) division of the National Science Foundation (NSF) * Prior to 1983, funds for the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) were separate from OCE. However, in order to make it comparable to the data for 1984-1997, the budget data for OCE from 1970-1983 shown here, includes ODP funding. Page 128 Front Matter (R1-R14) Executive Summary (1-6) 1 Introduction (7-16) 2 The Role of Major Oceanographic Programs (17-36) 3 Enhancing Coordination and Information Sharing (37-47) 4 Accomplishments, Impacts, and Legacies (48-70) 5 Gaps and Follow-On Activities (71-82) 6 Program Planning, Structure, and Organization (83-95) 7 Lessons for the Future: The Role of the National Science Foundation (96-102) 8 Cited References (103-106) Appendix A: Committe Biographies (107-111) Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations (112-115) Appendix C: Background Questionnaire (116-119) Appendix D: Scientific Steering Committee Perspectives Questionnaire (120-125) Appendix E: Website Questionnaire (126-127) Appendix F: Summary Budget Data (128-136) Appendix G: National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Studies (137-143) Appendix H: Major U.S. Oceanographic Research Programs: Major Publications (144-149) Appendix I: Major U.S. Oceanographic Research Programs: Textbook References (150-151) Appendix J: Selected Responses to World Wide Web and Scientific Steering Committee Questionnaires (152-158) Index (159-165)

Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.

OCR for page 128
Appendix F Summary Budget Data Total NSF/OCE Funding from 1970 to 1997 (during and post-IDOE) in Current Dollars (millions) Fiscal Year OCE (without IDOE) IDOE 1970 23.06* 0 1971 25.68* 15 1972 36.33* 19.67 1973 33.26* 16.93 1974 42.65* 13.79 1975 46.42* 14.78 1976 43.49* 15.42 1977 48.89* 17.14 1978 53.21* 18.37 1979 54.56* 19.46 1980 85.78* 0 1981 96.87* 0 1982 95.03* 0 1983 102.53* 0 1984 114.28 0 1985 121.28 0 1986 119.42 0 1987 133.74 0 1988 134.95 0 1989 145.88 0 1990 147.35 0 1991 164.63 0 1992 177.5 0 1993 179.4 0 1994 188.9 0 1995 192.8 0 1996 193.6 0 1997 201.8 0 SOURCE:  Information provided by the Ocean Sciences (OCE) division of the National Science Foundation (NSF) * Prior to 1983, funds for the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) were separate from OCE. However, in order to make it comparable to the data for 1984-1997, the budget data for OCE from 1970-1983 shown here, includes ODP funding.

OCR for page 129
Total Federal Conduct of Research and Development in Current Dollars (billions) Fiscal Year Total Federal Research and Development (in billions) 1982 34.66 1983 35.9 1984 40.986 1985 47.216 1986 52.141 1987 53.256 1988 56.1 1989 60.76 1990 63.81 1991 62.183 1992 64.728 1993 68.378 1994 66.453 1995 68.432 1996 68.439 1997 71.073   SOURCE:  FY 1999 Budget of the U.S. Government, Historical Tables.

OCR for page 130
Total Ocean Science Funding by U.S. Federal Agencies from 1982 to 1997 (in millions of dollars) Agency FY 1982 FY 1983 FY 1984 FY 1985 FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 FY 1989 FY 1990 FY 1991 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1994 FY 1995a FY 1995b FY 1996 FY 1997 ONR 63.0 65.3 67.1 65.5 70.9 80.1 88.8 88.4 88.1 96.9 108.1 111.1 105.1 102.3 105.3 103.2 101.9 NSF 95.0 102.5 114.3 121.2 119.4 133.7 135.0 145.9 147.4 164.7 177.5 179.4 188.9 193.4 192.8 193.6 201.8 NOAA 117.9 133.7 91.5 83.7 86.5 75.5 73.3 80.8 81.7 84.5 95.6 93.1 84.7   335.9 339.5 394.3 DOE 14.6 7.1 9.3 9.4 7.7 7.3 6.8 8.9 10.1 10.3 12.2 12.1 11.9 11.3 11.2 8.2 7.1 USGS 21.9 13.0 18.6 21.5 25.3 26.0 28.5 29.5 32.4 37.7 36.7 36.9 35.6 36.0 36.4 37.1 37.1 MMS 27.1 30.2 25.3 23.8 19.7 18.7 19.1 17.0 17.1 25.1 15.0 19.0 10.0 12.8 12.0 12.9 12.4 EPA               16.2 21.1 35.5 49.2 41.7 40.8 12.6 23.7 22.1 20.8 NASA 16.2 17.0 18.2 19.7 21.1 22.6 23.0 24.5 25.4 29.4 33.9 35.8 42.8   42.5 34.0 52.8 Total 355.7 368.8 344.3 344.8 350.6 363.9 374.5 411.2 423.3 484.1 528.2 529.1 519.8 368.4 759.8 750.6 828.2 Note 1: The two sets of numbers given in 1995 (a and b) are due to the difference in the 1995 numbers as reported in 1995 and in 1997. Note 2:1982-1988 EPA numbers not available. Note 3: NOAA numbers reported in 1995-97 include areas of fisheries science that were not previously included in 1982-94 totals. SOURCE: Federal agency data is provided annually to the Ocean Studies Board by the federal agencies.

OCR for page 131
The National Science Foundation's Ocean Sciences Division (OCE) Budget Since 1982 (in millions of dollars)   1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Disciplinary Programs Biological Oceanography 13.8 14.0 14.6 14.2 14.6 14.5 12.6 13.6 13.5 13.7 13.1 Chemical Oceanography 13.0 13.0 12.7 12.4 12.6 12.5 11.7 12.0 12.0 12.4 12.2 Marine Geol/Geophys 15.6 15.6 15.1 14.9 15.2 15.2 13.8 14.5 14.7 14.9 14.5 Physical Oceanography 17.7 17.7 17.2 17.0 17.4 17.3 15.2 14.7 14.2 14.6 14.3 Ocean Technology             4.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.8 Educ. & Human Resources                   2.1   Research Section 60.1 60.2 59.6 58.4 59.7 59.5 57.3 59.2 58.8 60.1 61.0 Facilities Section 33.4 33.0 37.2 34.8 34.3 35.1 34.1 29.6 28.5 26.4 31.9 Total Disciplinary 93.5 93.2 96.8 93.2 94.0 94.6 91.4 88.8 87.3 86.5 92.9 Ocean Drilling Science Support(JOI) 3.3 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.7 Grants 6.0 5.7 5.8 6.3 6.1 7.8 6.0 5.4 7.0 6.5 7.5 NSF Operations 20.7 21.2 21.3 21.6 24.6 23.8 25.4 28.4 27.6 27.7 27.1 NSF Total to ODP 30.0 30.6 31.4 32.0 35.0 36.3 35.9 38.7 39.8 39.6 40.3 International 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.6 16.5 16.6 17.8 15.8 16.7 16.7 17.3 ODP Total 45.0 45.6 46.4 48.6 51.5 52.9 53.7 54.5 56.5 56.3 57.6 Focus Programs WOCE* 4.1 4.4 5.9 8.1 12.3 14.7 15.7 17.1 17.9 17.7 16.6 TOGA/CLIVAR* 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.8 5.2 6.1 6.4 6.4 5.0 4.5 4.0 JGOFS* 1.4 2.1 5.9 7.2 10.7 12.8 13.8 15.3 16.4 16.3 16.0 RIDGE* 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.3 GLOBEC* — — 0.4 0.4 1.4 2.7 3.8 5.2 6.7 7.4 8.8

OCR for page 132
  1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 ARCSS* — — — 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 LMER/LTER* — — — — 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 CoOP — — — — — 1.3 1.3 2.9 2.9 3.9 3.9 RIDGE (Core) — — — — — 2.4 2.9 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.8 MESH* — — — — — — 0.3 1.1 2.3 2.7 3.5 IAI* — — — — — — 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 MMIA* — — — — — — — — 1.0 1.0 1.0 EGB — — — — — — — — 0.5 0.5 0.5 LExEn — — — — — — — — — 0.7   Research Section 6.4 7.0 11.3 14.5 22.3 30.5 34.5 40.8 43.8 46.4 48.3 Facilities Section 3.8 4.2 6.4 7.7 13.4 16.1 17.6 20.6 21.9 21.1 20.3   Total Focus Programs 10.2 11.2 17.7 22.2 35.7 46.6 52.1 61.4 65.7 67.5 68.6 Summary Disciplinary Research 60.1 60.2 59.6 58.4 59.7 59.5 57.3 59.2 58.8 60.1 61.0 Focus Research 6.4 7.0 11.3 14.5 22.3 30.5 34.5 40.8 43.8 46.4 48.3 Total Research 66.5 67.2 70.9 72.9 82.0 90.0 91.8 100.0 102.6 106.5 109.3 Disciplinary Facilities 33.4 33.0 37.2 34.8 34.3 35.1 34.1 29.6 28.5 26.4 31.9 Focus Facilities 3.8 4.2 6.4 7.7 13.4 16.1 17.6 20.6 21.9 21.1 20.3 Total Facilities 37.2 37.2 43.6 42.5 47.7 51.2 51.7 50.2 50.4 47.5 52.2 Ocean Drilling 30.0 30.6 31.4 32.0 35.0 36.3 35.9 38.7 39.8 39.6 40.3 Total Division Budget 133.7 135.0 145.9 147.4 164.7 177.5 179.4 188.9 192.8 193.6 201.8 * Global Change Program SOURCE:  Information provided by the Ocean Sciences (OCE) division of the National Science Foundation (NSF). NOTE:  Dollars are in millions; data includes both research and facilities funding.

OCR for page 133
Number of Ph.D.s Awarded in Oceanography (Year-by-Year and Cumulative) Year Ph.D.s in Oceanography (Year-by-Year) Ph.D.s in Oceanography (Cumulative) 1982 133 133 1983 109 242 1984 99 341 1985 92 433 1986 100 533 1987 111 644 1988 109 753 1989 113 866 1990 128 994 1991 112 1106 1992 114 1220 1993 125 1345 1994 125 1470 1995 114 1584   SOURCE:  Data from NSF, 1997.

OCR for page 134
U.S. WOCE Research Budget 1987-1996 (in thousands of dollars) Program component Agency FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 Total Field program Hydrography—one-time NSF 116 564 1034 1918 2591 4990 6522 7047 8826 5790 4172 43570   NOAA       350 1142 1073 1286 1775 2049 1838   9513 Hydrography—repeat NSF       196 218 237 556 397 426 384 347 2761   NOAA       50 225 160 240 189 766 432   2062 Moorings NSF 126 100 207 2162 2425 2599 2299 3209 3382 1854 1410 19773   NOAA       110 110 654 238 145 754 308 75 2394   ONR           350 78 465 253 148   1294 Surface drifters NSF       364 773 835 356 492 533 671 340 4364   NOAA         225 450 1240 2119 208 300 780 5322   ONR         75 167 460 668       1370 Subsurface floats NSF 446 85 387 146 1091 1005 615 1575 1720 2322 2874 12266   NOAA               95   100 190 385   ONR         364 105 73         542 VOS program NSF 207 240 239   300 450 600 600 600     3236   NOAA       719 787 787 787 516 703 698 1095 6092 Satellites NASA       1120 1492 1827 2335 2724 2370 2460 2400 16728   NOAA         600 700 700 325 350 400 400 3475 Sea level NOAA       570 1000 1200 1000 517 510 510 510 5817

OCR for page 135
U.S. WOCE Research Budget 1987-1996 (in thousands of dollars) Program component Agency FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 Total Process studies NSF       348 2127 1613 2313 1039 939 796 646 9821   ONR       2248 3924 3949 2808 1716       14645 Air-sea flux NSF   837 820 838   105   300 300   175 3375   NOAA       50 50 50 80         230   NASA           30           30 Program and data management NSF 611 894 165 1246 1214 1618 1474 1490 1275 1379 1154 12520   NOAA         183 190 345 262 410 220 740 2350   NASA                 75 75 75 225   ONR               20 20 20 20 80 Subtotal   1506 2720 2852 12435 20916 25144 26405 27685 26469 20705 17403 184240 Modeling and data analysis NSF   472 1082 718 736 469 607 1221 897 740 1729 8671   NOAA         170 194 270 177 615 772 150 2348   NASA           169 200 200 250 250 250 1319   DOE       284 493 1072 1177 1654 1200 1200 1200 8280 Subtotal   0 472 1082 1002 1399 1904 2254 3252 2962 2962 3329 20618 Total   1506 3192 3934 13437 22315 27048 28659 30937 29431 23667 20732 204858 Subtotal by Agency NSF 1506 3192 3934 7936 11475 13921 15342 17370 18898 13936 12847 120357   NOAA 0 0 0 1849 4492 5458 6186 6120 6365 5578 3940 39988   NASA 0 0 0 1120 1492 2026 2535 2924 2695 2785 2725 18302   DOE 0 0 0 284 493 1072 1177 1654 1200 1200 1200 8280   ONR 0 0 0 2248 4363 4571 3419 2869 273 168 20 17931 SOURCE:  Information provided by the U.S. WOCE office to the committee. NOTE:  Data reflect research money and are not inclusive of facilities funding.

OCR for page 136
Major Oceanographic Research Program Ship Days on UNOLS vessels   1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 WOCE — — — 94 192 401 277 249 470 129 316 93 25   JGOFS 0 12 183 279 230 457 168 180 356 140 230 214 135 135 RIDGE — — — — 0 — 60 158.5 285 402 175 100     GLOBEC — — — — 0 38 7 37 238 90 231 120 330 275 TOGA         0 200 174 24 0 0 0 0     ODP           118 131 115 101 75 95 39     CoOP — — — — 0 0 5 95 0 0 21 128.5     TOTAL 0 12 183 373 412 1214 822 858.5 1450 836 1068 694.5 490 410   SOURCE:  Information provided by major oceanographic research program offices (1987–1990; 1999–2000) and UNOLS (1991–1998).

Representative terms from entire chapter:

major oceanographic