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Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists (1998)

Chapter: Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.1F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.03

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.25

0.19

0.17

0.11

0.12

0.10

0.09

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.09

0.07

0.06

0.04

0.06

0.05

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.21

0.37

0.43

0.42

0.48

0.45

0.53

Other academic position

0.08

0.04

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.11

0.11

Industry

0.08

0.10

0.11

0.11

0.12

0.12

0.08

Federal labs and other government

0.11

0.09

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.06

0.04

Other jobs including self-employed

0.05

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.03

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.54

0.59

0.69

0.67

0.76

0.71

0.70

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.52

0.52

0.57

0.45

n/a

0.44

0.49

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.44

0.42

0.48

0.36

n/a

0.39

0.45

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.05

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.40

0.31

0.29

0.24

0.21

0.17

0.13

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.13

0.08

0.06

0.03

0.07

0.07

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.06

0.11

0.19

0.21

0.22

0.28

0.29

Other academic position

0.06

0.06

0.08

0.09

0.12

0.10

0.13

Industry

0.11

0.13

0.16

0.21

0.20

0.17

0.16

Federal labs and other government

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.08

0.10

0.07

0.07

Other jobs including self-employed

0.06

0.08

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.04

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.44

0.45

0.64

0.61

0.70

0.68

0.63

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.51

0.46

0.44

0.41

n/a

0.41

0.45

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.01

0.04

0.05

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.06

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.42

0.38

0.34

0.32

0.27

0.27

0.22

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.15

0.10

0.07

0.08

0.06

0.08

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.02

0.05

0.07

0.10

0.10

0.12

0.14

Other academic position

0.03

0.04

0.07

0.06

0.10

0.08

0.12

Industry

0.11

0.11

0.16

0.20

0.24

0.22

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.15

0.13

0.13

0.10

0.09

0.10

0.08

Other jobs including self-employed

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.06

0.07

0.06

0.05

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.45

0.42

0.51

0.54

0.63

0.64

0.65

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.46

0.46

0.43

0.36

n/a

0.37

0.40

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.39

0.37

0.37

0.30

n/a

0.33

0.35

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.47

0.44

0.40

0.38

0.32

0.31

0.32

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.14

0.11

0.08

0.05

0.05

0.07

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.01

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.05

0.06

0.06

Other academic position

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.09

0.10

0.08

Industry

0.11

0.11

0.17

0.20

0.24

0.21

0.22

Federal labs and other government

0.13

0.13

0.11

0.11

0.08

0.11

0.10

Other jobs including self-employed

0.05

0.07

0.09

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.07

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.42

0.41

0.43

0.51

0.61

0.61

0.61

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.51

0.45

0.39

0.38

n/a

0.39

0.39

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.43

0.37

0.31

0.32

n/a

0.35

0.35

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.07

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.47

0.42

0.39

0.35

0.36

0.31

0.34

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.14

0.15

0.15

0.10

0.06

0.09

0.05

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

Other academic position

0.01

0.01

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.09

Industry

0.12

0.11

0.11

0.18

0.23

0.22

0.23

Federal labs and other government

0.14

0.16

0.16

0.13

0.11

0.11

0.11

Other jobs including self-employed

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.09

0.08

0.07

0.07

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.43

0.40

0.44

0.54

0.57

0.58

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.44

0.43

0.36

0.37

n/a

0.37

0.38

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.38

0.34

0.30

0.31

n/a

0.33

0.36

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.1N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

144

175

176

220

111

95

211

Part-time employed

195

128

222

236

300

221

202

Working outside science and engineering

136

220

78

262

166

291

319

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1936

1473

1347

956

1002

878

853

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

1158

683

530

510

315

486

469

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

1659

2847

3447

3498

4141

3952

4980

Other academic position

612

322

539

771

574

968

1031

Industry

659

783

906

955

1013

1075

745

Federal labs and other government

864

683

430

484

597

551

359

Other jobs including self-employed

412

321

358

438

381

288

293

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

3963

4214

5197

5132

6093

5799

6131

Supported by federal grants/contracts

3807

3719

4313

3433

n/a

3645

4308

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

3188

3013

3656

2727

n/a

3179

3899

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

70

210

127

132

75

64

173

Part-time employed

152

113

123

205

295

394

288

Working outside science and engineering

179

185

157

94

160

387

458

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

2684

2336

2301

2017

1694

1392

1162

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

1009

983

631

491

247

543

657

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

384

856

1456

1742

1830

2352

2564

Other academic position

379

418

643

773

974

871

1106

Industry

706

1007

1289

1804

1593

1419

1432

Federal labs and other government

758

765

736

654

802

552

656

Other jobs including self-employed

390

605

383

521

487

355

313

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

2776

3124

4758

4861

5319

5059

4995

Supported by federal grants/contracts

3223

3228

3304

3310

n/a

3046

3551

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

2680

2656

2743

2719

n/a

2674

3141

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

43

132

152

54

92

105

166

Part-time employed

166

217

149

301

117

308

398

Working outside science and engineering

102

296

172

289

246

341

460

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

2211

3088

2591

2573

2245

2167

1816

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

776

1204

783

605

651

476

637

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

94

383

516

815

839

1001

1171

Other academic position

177

307

538

528

861

621

978

Industry

549

905

1214

1657

1974

1820

1572

Federal labs and other government

805

1065

962

800

734

778

633

Other jobs including self-employed

300

613

579

517

563

505

396

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

2186

3200

3676

4015

4991

4702

4683

Supported by federal grants/contracts

2271

3514

3067

2688

n/a

2736

2850

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1926

2814

2625

2271

n/a

2454

2512

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

36

95

69

94

32

66

113

Part-time employed

75

119

169

166

300

308

227

Working outside science and engineering

121

199

167

321

429

463

365

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1896

2996

2899

2925

2863

2493

2521

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

581

930

798

631

488

445

568

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

45

191

185

156

437

460

465

Other academic position

77

183

333

491

829

815

594

Industry

451

772

1258

1583

2125

1737

1734

Federal labs and other government

514

870

795

829

730

870

770

Other jobs including self-employed

201

471

649

593

653

504

557

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

1571

2640

2949

3697

4958

4491

4401

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1916

2908

2670

2716

n/a

2862

2826

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1615

2401

2145

2338

n/a

2571

2557

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

30

77

128

81

41

111

44

Part-time employed

72

129

180

232

277

184

242

Working outside science and engineering

115

224

286

297

296

559

340

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1672

2267

3056

2565

3005

2588

2725

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

501

791

1156

743

508

729

422

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

7

64

59

132

171

264

228

Other academic position

47

63

397

425

491

574

745

Industry

430

617

847

1321

1884

1861

1882

Federal labs and other government

485

877

1260

939

895

964

882

Other jobs including self-employed

162

277

472

676

691

564

588

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

1357

2144

2903

3004

4092

4334

4345

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1446

2142

2601

2484

n/a

2812

2868

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1266

1699

2207

2082

n/a

2496

2664

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.2F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Female US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.03

Part-time employed

0.09

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.07

0.04

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.04

0.01

0.05

0.02

0.04

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.15

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.12

0.09

0.07

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.12

0.13

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.04

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.30

0.45

0.55

0.47

0.48

0.47

0.55

Other academic position

0.12

0.04

0.07

0.06

0.09

0.11

0.10

Industry

0.04

0.04

0.08

0.09

0.07

0.10

0.08

Federal labs and other government

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.03

Other jobs including self-employed

0.06

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.03

0.03

0.03

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

11 Engaged primarily in research

0.68

0.63

0.78

0.68

0.76

0.72

0.72

12 Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.62

0.59

0.60

0.50

n/a

0.46

0.55

13 Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.53

0.52

0.56

0.43

n/a

0.40

0.50

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

Part-time employed

0.11

0.06

0.07

0.06

0.04

0.09

0.07

Working outside science and engineering

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.27

0.28

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.16

0.10

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.17

0.16

0.09

0.09

0.03

0.08

0.09

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.10

0.19

0.25

0.24

0.23

0.28

0.32

Other academic position

0.12

0.06

0.06

0.12

0.15

0.10

0.11

Industry

0.03

0.04

0.09

0.13

0.14

0.13

0.12

Federal labs and other government

0.05

0.06

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.05

0.07

Other jobs including self-employed

0.08

0.09

0.07

0.05

0.08

0.04

0.05

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.49

0.52

0.59

0.60

0.72

0.64

0.61

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.58

0.55

0.49

0.45

n/a

0.42

0.46

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.46

0.47

0.41

0.40

n/a

0.38

0.42

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.01

Part-time employed

0.18

0.12

0.06

0.08

0.04

0.09

0.09

Working outside science and engineering

0.05

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.07

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.33

0.31

0.28

0.26

0.24

0.23

0.19

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.13

0.15

0.14

0.05

0.08

0.07

0.10

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.07

0.09

0.13

0.10

0.09

0.13

0.11

Other academic position

0.05

0.06

0.08

0.14

0.10

0.09

0.18

Industry

0.04

0.07

0.06

0.15

0.20

0.18

0.17

Federal labs and other government

0.05

0.07

0.09

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.06

Other jobs including self-employed

0.07

0.08

0.10

0.06

0.09

0.06

0.03

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.53

0.49

0.54

0.62

0.60

0.65

0.61

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.58

0.48

0.48

0.39

n/a

0.40

0.44

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.51

0.36

0.42

0.36

n/a

0.38

0.38

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.05

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.03

Part-time employed

0.15

0.09

0.05

0.08

0.09

0.11

0.07

Working outside science and engineering

0.05

0.01

0.05

0.03

0.06

0.05

0.03

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.29

0.38

0.39

0.29

0.31

0.29

0.29

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.18

0.17

0.14

0.11

0.06

0.07

0.09

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.06

0.08

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.06

Other academic position

0.06

0.04

0.07

0.11

0.11

0.12

0.08

Industry

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.13

0.19

0.15

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.09

0.06

0.10

0.08

Other jobs including self-employed

0.04

0.09

0.11

0.08

0.06

0.06

0.07

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.47

0.43

0.51

0.52

0.63

0.6

0.58

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.50

0.54

0.45

0.46

n/a

0.45

0.39

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.40

0.45

0.39

0.37

n/a

0.41

0.36

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.06

0.04

0.06

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.11

0.15

0.07

0.10

0.12

0.06

0.08

Working outside science and engineering

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.09

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.32

0.39

0.35

0.32

0.34

0.29

0.36

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.22

0.13

0.14

0.13

0.06

0.09

0.06

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.03

0.01

Other academic position

0.05

0.02

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.09

0.11

Industry

0.05

0.05

0.10

0.09

0.20

0.18

0.15

Federal labs and other government

0.07

0.05

0.08

0.09

0.08

0.11

0.10

Other jobs including self-employed

0.06

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.07

0.04

0.07

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

0.42

0.44

0.45

0.47

0.52

0.60

0.57

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.50

0.50

0.43

0.41

n/a

0.39

0.45

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.43

0.43

0.39

0.38

n/a

0.35

0.44

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.2N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Female US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

59

72

59

75

54

39

122

Part-time employed

105

72

122

132

197

153

102

Working outside science and engineering

29

57

19

115

62

155

141

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

172

173

194

233

370

314

288

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

130

214

95

139

94

186

172

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

338

725

1103

1199

1437

1620

2171

Other academic position

133

71

138

164

260

379

389

Industry

43

69

166

229

218

340

295

Federal labs and other government

45

68

61

131

183

174

126

Other jobs including self-employed

71

74

54

128

92

113

109

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

638

879

1409

1521

2008

2245

2571

Supported by federal grants/contracts

580

818

1092

1110

n/a

1437

1944

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

492

720

1006

966

n/a

1239

1768

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

34

43

63

72

71

54

59

Part-time employed

95

77

116

125

110

264

233

Working outside science and engineering

31

31

48

57

105

165

174

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

224

356

336

423

451

487

346

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

139

205

144

204

84

253

295

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

80

241

394

536

571

876

1116

Other academic position

100

82

96

281

372

311

374

Industry

21

50

136

301

350

394

406

Federal labs and other government

42

82

145

154

167

164

248

Other jobs including self-employed

66

122

113

106

188

129

183

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

327

589

803

1193

1569

1668

1808

Supported by federal grants/contracts

387

626

671

905

n/a

1106

1370

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

309

531

560

793

n/a

988

1251

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

24

36

42

18

67

49

39

Part-time employed

116

144

100

154

113

253

268

Working outside science and engineering

31

28

43

79

78

100

201

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

217

376

439

515

603

646

567

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

88

183

217

97

208

190

306

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

43

106

206

204

228

369

320

Other academic position

34

71

126

273

264

240

540

Industry

25

91

89

296

523

514

514

Federal labs and other government

34

85

133

192

249

291

190

Other jobs including self-employed

47

98

156

123

232

161

81

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

257

495

732

1046

1395

1565

1526

Supported by federal grants/contracts

284

482

661

667

n/a

953

1099

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

249

362

568

620

n/a

914

966

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

21

24

46

45

16

28

89

Part-time employed

66

76

66

117

227

272

195

Working outside science and engineering

21

11

58

51

138

119

94

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

127

320

490

444

749

740

769

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

81

142

180

173

146

174

248

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

25

67

44

63

119

137

166

Other academic position

27

38

94

164

261

318

224

Industry

15

34

53

200

449

376

517

Federal labs and other government

38

63

94

138

144

260

217

Other jobs including self-employed

17

72

134

128

142

164

177

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

155

315

559

680

1263

1305

1339

Supported by federal grants/contracts

164

401

494

609

n/a

980

897

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

132

333

420

482

n/a

879

843

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

21

28

64

20

41

31

19

Part-time employed

39

103

76

147

238

153

199

Working outside science and engineering

15

28

26

45

25

231

121

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

111

274

395

478

673

729

935

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

75

89

163

188

125

226

163

Postdoc total appointments in any sector

7

31

19

71

38

64

32

Other academic position

16

16

88

119

145

220

275

Industry

17

37

113

140

403

456

396

Federal labs and other government

25

38

87

136

148

271

259

Other jobs including self-employed

21

56

103

154

130

111

175

Research Involvement in full-time S&E position

Engaged primarily in research

115

237

433

598

867

1247

1285

Supported by federal grants/contracts

135

271

421

528

n/a

812

1010

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

116

230

380

483

n/a

718

984

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.3F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Male US Citizens and Permanent Residents.

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.03

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.27

0.22

0.19

0.12

0.11

0.11

0.10

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.04

0.06

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.20

0.35

0.39

0.40

0.48

0.44

0.51

Other academic position

0.07

0.04

0.07

0.10

0.06

0.11

0.12

Industry

0.09

0.12

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.14

0.08

Federal labs and other government

0.12

0.10

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.04

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.03

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.52

0.58

0.66

0.67

0.76

0.70

0.69

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.51

0.51

0.56

0.43

n/a

0.44

0.46

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.42

0.40

0.46

0.33

n/a

0.38

0.41

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.02

Part-time employed

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.01

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.04

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.42

0.32

0.31

0.26

0.22

0.17

0.15

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.13

0.08

0.05

0.03

0.06

0.07

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.05

0.10

0.17

0.20

0.22

0.28

0.27

Other academic position

0.05

0.05

0.09

0.08

0.11

0.11

0.14

Industry

0.12

0.15

0.18

0.24

0.22

0.20

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.12

0.11

0.09

0.08

0.11

0.07

0.08

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.06

0.08

0.04

0.07

0.05

0.04

0.02

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.43

0.43

0.65

0.61

0.69

0.70

0.65

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.50

0.45

0.43

0.40

n/a

0.40

0.44

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.42

0.36

0.36

0.32

n/a

0.35

0.38

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.00

0.01

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.44

0.39

0.35

0.33

0.29

0.29

0.24

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.15

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.05

0.06

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.01

0.04

0.05

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.16

Other academic position

0.03

0.03

0.07

0.04

0.10

0.07

0.08

Industry

0.11

0.12

0.18

0.22

0.25

0.25

0.20

Federal labs and other government

0.17

0.14

0.14

0.10

0.08

0.09

0.09

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.06

0.07

0.07

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.44

0.41

0.51

0.51

0.65

0.63

0.67

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.45

0.46

0.41

0.35

n/a

0.36

0.37

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.38

0.37

0.35

0.28

n/a

0.31

0.33

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.00

Part-time employed

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.04

0.06

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.40

0.33

0.31

0.34

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.14

0.13

0.10

0.07

0.05

0.05

0.06

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.05

0.06

0.06

Other academic position

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.09

0.09

0.07

Industry

0.12

0.12

0.20

0.22

0.26

0.24

0.23

Federal labs and other government

0.13

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.09

0.11

0.11

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.05

0.07

0.08

0.07

0.08

0.06

0.07

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.41

0.41

0.51

0.60

0.62

0.63

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.51

0.44

0.37

0.36

n/a

0.37

0.39

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.43

0.36

0.30

0.31

n/a

0.33

0.35

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.00

Part-time employed

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.06

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.49

0.43

0.40

0.35

0.37

0.31

0.32

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.13

0.15

0.15

0.09

0.06

0.09

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

Other academic position

0.01

0.01

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.09

Industry

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.20

0.24

0.24

0.27

Federal labs and other government

0.14

0.18

0.17

0.14

0.12

0.12

0.11

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.09

0.09

0.08

0.07

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.43

0.39

0.44

0.54

0.56

0.58

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.43

0.42

0.35

0.35

n/a

0.37

0.35

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.38

0.33

0.29

0.29

n/a

0.33

0.32

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.3N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs—Male US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

85

103

117

145

57

56

89

Part-time employed

90

56

100

104

103

68

100

Working outside science and engineering

107

163

59

147

104

136

178

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1764

1300

1153

723

632

564

565

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

1028

469

435

371

221

300

297

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

1321

2122

2344

2299

2704

2332

2809

Other academic position

479

251

401

607

314

589

642

Industry

616

714

740

726

795

735

450

Federal labs and other government

819

615

369

353

414

377

233

Other jobs (including self-employed)

341

247

304

310

289

175

184

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

3325

3335

3788

3611

4085

3554

3560

Supported by federal grants/contracts

3227

2901

3221

2323

n/a

2208

2364

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

2696

2293

2650

1761

n/a

1940

2131

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

36

167

64

60

4

10

114

Part-time employed

57

36

7

80

185

130

55

Working outside science and engineering

148

154

109

37

55

222

284

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

2460

1980

1965

1594

1243

905

816

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

870

778

487

287

163

289

362

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

304

615

1062

1206

1259

1476

1448

Other academic position

279

336

547

492

602

560

732

Industry

685

957

1153

1503

1243

1025

1026

Federal labs and other government

716

683

591

500

635

388

408

Other jobs (including self-employed)

324

483

270

415

299

226

130

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

2449

2535

3955

3668

3750

3391

3187

Supported by federal grants/contracts

2836

2602

2633

2405

n/a

1940

2181

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

2371

2125

2183

1926

n/a

1686

1890

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

19

96

110

36

25

56

127

Part-time employed

50

73

49

147

4

55

130

Working outside science and engineering

71

268

129

210

168

241

259

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1994

2712

2152

2058

1642

1521

1249

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

688

1021

566

508

443

286

331

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

51

277

310

611

611

632

851

Other academic position

143

236

412

255

597

381

438

Industry

524

814

1125

1361

1451

1306

1058

Federal labs and other government

771

980

829

608

485

487

443

Other jobs (including self-employed)

253

515

423

394

331

344

315

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1929

2705

2944

2969

3596

3137

3157

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1987

3032

2406

2021

n/a

1783

1751

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1677

2452

2057

1651

n/a

1540

1546

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

15

71

23

49

16

38

24

Part-time employed

9

43

103

49

73

36

32

Working outside science and engineering

100

188

109

270

291

344

271

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1769

2676

2409

2481

2114

1753

1752

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

500

788

618

458

342

271

320

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

20

124

141

93

318

323

299

Other academic position

50

145

239

327

568

497

370

Industry

436

738

1205

1383

1676

1361

1217

Federal labs and other government

476

807

701

691

586

610

553

Other jobs (including self-employed)

184

399

515

465

511

340

380

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1416

2325

2390

3017

3695

3186

3062

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1752

2507

2176

2107

n/a

1882

1929

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1483

2068

1725

1856

n/a

1692

1714

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

9

49

64

61

 

80

25

Part-time employed

33

26

104

85

39

31

43

Working outside science and engineering

100

196

260

252

271

328

219

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1561

1993

2661

2087

2332

1859

1790

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

426

702

993

555

383

503

259

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

 

33

40

61

133

200

196

Other academic position

31

47

309

306

346

354

470

Industry

413

580

734

1181

1481

1405

1486

Federal labs and other government

460

839

1173

803

747

693

623

Other jobs (including self-employed)

141

221

369

522

561

453

413

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1242

1907

2470

2406

3225

3087

3060

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1311

1871

2180

1956

n/a

2000

1858

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1150

1469

1827

1599

n/a

1778

1680

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.4F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from 26 High-Quality Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.02

Part-time employed

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.01

0.02

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.05

0.01

0.03

0.01

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.33

0.19

0.16

0.09

0.11

0.10

0.07

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.07

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.01

0.03

0.04

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.30

0.48

0.47

0.50

0.61

0.55

0.60

Other academic position

0.07

0.04

0.09

0.08

0.09

0.08

0.11

Industry

0.06

0.05

0.09

0.06

0.06

0.09

0.06

Federal labs and other government

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.07

0.05

0.07

0.03

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.05

0.07

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.03

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.72

0.73

0.73

0.74

0.84

0.82

0.79

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.67

0.68

0.61

0.51

n/a

0.49

0.55

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.60

0.57

0.52

0.42

n/a

0.45

0.50

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.45

0.40

0.32

0.21

0.19

0.17

0.13

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.10

0.06

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.04

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.11

0.15

0.21

0.24

0.26

0.34

0.33

Other academic position

0.08

0.08

0.12

0.12

0.15

0.13

0.14

Industry

0.06

0.10

0.14

0.24

0.19

0.16

0.18

Federal labs and other government

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.04

0.06

0.05

0.07

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.07

0.07

0.04

0.06

0.06

0.03

0.03

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.55

0.53

0.71

0.68

0.76

0.71

0.73

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.65

0.61

0.54

0.48

n/a

0.48

0.50

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.58

0.52

0.45

0.39

n/a

0.39

0.48

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.01

Part-time employed

0.04

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.01

0.04

0.04

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.51

0.49

0.44

0.36

0.31

0.31

0.24

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.11

0.11

0.05

0.03

0.06

0.03

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.01

0.06

0.06

0.10

0.14

0.13

0.17

Other academic position

0.04

0.05

0.12

0.08

0.12

0.09

0.18

Industry

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.20

0.17

0.19

0.18

Federal labs and other government

0.11

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.04

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.04

0.05

0.10

0.06

0.07

0.11

0.04

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.48

0.58

0.61

0.56

0.72

0.77

0.72

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.61

0.64

0.57

0.42

n/a

0.45

0.52

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.52

0.53

0.52

0.38

n/a

0.40

0.46

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.04

0.01

0.01

0.00

0

0.02

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.07

0.04

0.02

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.54

0.47

0.52

0.45

0.36

0.35

0.40

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.11

0.12

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.05

0.02

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.06

Other academic position

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.09

0.12

0.11

0.09

Industry

0.07

0.08

0.11

0.17

0.24

0.20

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.10

0.09

0.10

0.10

0.06

0.07

0.09

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.07

0.08

0.10

0.09

0.06

0.07

0.10

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.45

0.48

0.49

0.64

0.70

0.66

0.72

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.64

0.59

0.53

0.51

n/a

0.5

0.50

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.60

0.49

0.41

0.49

n/a

0.49

0.47

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.04

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.02

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.48

0.51

0.54

0.41

0.44

0.37

0.45

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.14

0.11

0.06

0.08

0.04

0.07

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.03

0.01

Other academic position

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.10

0.07

0.09

0.08

Industry

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.22

0.16

0.21

Federal labs and other government

0.11

0.10

0.08

0.09

0.06

0.10

0.05

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.07

0.05

0.06

0.11

0.08

0.09

0.08

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.42

0.48

0.58

0.51

0.64

0.61

0.68

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.49

0.56

0.57

0.46

n/a

0.47

0.54

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.47

0.48

0.54

0.41

n/a

0.41

0.53

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.4N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from 26 High-Quality Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

30

91

37

30

11

 

39

Part-time employed

54

57

83

62

28

44

44

Working outside science and engineering

21

43

17

125

28

68

20

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

526

374

389

214

283

242

179

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

112

58

87

125

24

58

100

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

476

963

1166

1194

1531

1326

1555

Other academic position

116

81

211

182

217

193

296

Industry

91

98

227

156

145

211

166

Federal labs and other government

101

118

99

179

127

169

88

Other jobs (including self-employed)

75

131

150

134

101

83

90

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1079

1337

1710

1607

2033

1874

1943

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1007

1235

1413

1108

n/a

1128

1369

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

899

1037

1205

910

n/a

1033

1239

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

33

31

80

43

28

23

27

Part-time employed

41

31

52

73

102

98

75

Working outside science and engineering

46

35

12

31

46

79

110

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

706

745

729

536

454

378

312

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

153

111

77

57

49

90

85

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

168

283

495

607

622

773

793

Other academic position

121

141

274

290

350

302

327

Industry

91

190

334

602

452

360

437

Federal labs and other government

109

160

157

97

141

117

176

Other jobs (including self-employed)

103

122

102

160

131

57

79

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

796

929

1544

1588

1674

1470

1619

Supported by federal grants/contracts

937

1062

1165

1124

n/a

992

1112

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

841

907

968

915

n/a

816

1062

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

19

12

9

8

20

8

25

Part-time employed

64

95

71

116

32

86

89

Working outside science and engineering

42

55

35

72

49

72

92

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

733

904

946

926

719

713

513

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

165

197

115

80

150

61

102

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

21

104

135

254

328

297

381

Other academic position

53

92

261

201

292

200

396

Industry

123

159

196

514

402

434

400

Federal labs and other government

155

121

162

230

179

184

98

Other jobs (including self-employed)

64

97

225

160

170

252

84

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

627

964

1239

1322

1607

1657

1431

Supported by federal grants/contracts

801

1066

1170

993

n/a

953

1019

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

678

893

1054

888

n/a

862

905

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

11

62

20

21

 

 

44

Part-time employed

31

34

78

36

71

120

36

Working outside science and engineering

24

50

27

58

189

91

49

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

582

766

1078

976

925

830

900

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

120

200

83

71

44

126

38

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

21

57

34

45

112

152

143

Other academic position

28

45

110

186

321

253

208

Industry

74

129

233

360

623

483

429

Federal labs and other government

113

144

198

214

147

155

198

Other jobs (including self-employed)

75

132

199

188

147

162

231

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

455

709

939

1309

1613

1424

1545

Supported by federal grants/contracts

648

870

1025

1047

n/a

1088

1081

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

604

727

797

1001

n/a

1050

1017

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

19

11

33

12

26

34

18

Part-time employed

38

59

80

55

120

55

103

Working outside science and engineering

25

68

67

101

77

123

48

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

502

753

988

913

1218

884

1069

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

149

157

119

175

104

175

117

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

 

15

10

45

37

63

24

Other academic position

17

31

70

224

202

205

195

Industry

96

153

208

261

604

391

508

Federal labs and other government

118

155

146

205

163

248

127

Other jobs (including self-employed)

78

81

111

236

223

204

183

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

405

641

953

1054

1639

1325

1507

Supported by federal grants/contracts

474

749

938

942

n/a

1014

1197

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

447

644

899

845

n/a

895

1173

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.5F Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from Other Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.23

0.20

0.17

0.13

0.12

0.10

0.10

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.17

0.11

0.08

0.06

0.05

0.07

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.19

0.34

0.41

0.39

0.43

0.41

0.50

Other academic position

0.08

0.04

0.06

0.10

0.06

0.12

0.11

Industry

0.09

0.12

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.13

0.08

Federal labs and other government

0.12

0.10

0.06

0.05

0.08

0.06

0.04

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.05

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.03

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.50

0.54

0.67

0.65

0.73

0.66

0.67

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.48

0.47

0.55

0.43

n/a

0.43

0.47

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.39

0.37

0.47

0.33

n/a

0.36

0.43

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.01

0.02

0.05

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.38

0.28

0.28

0.25

0.21

0.17

0.13

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.17

0.15

0.10

0.07

0.03

0.07

0.09

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.04

0.10

0.17

0.19

0.21

0.26

0.28

Other academic position

0.05

0.05

0.07

0.08

0.11

0.09

0.12

Industry

0.12

0.15

0.17

0.20

0.20

0.18

0.16

Federal labs and other government

0.13

0.11

0.10

0.09

0.11

0.07

0.08

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.06

0.09

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.04

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.42

0.61

0.58

0.67

0.66

0.59

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.47

0.42

0.41

0.39

n/a

0.38

0.43

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.38

0.34

0.34

0.32

n/a

0.34

0.37

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.03

0.01

0.04

0.05

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.05

0.06

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.39

0.34

0.30

0.30

0.26

0.25

0.22

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.16

0.16

0.12

0.09

0.08

0.07

0.09

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.02

0.04

0.07

0.10

0.09

0.12

0.13

Other academic position

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.10

0.07

0.10

Industry

0.11

0.12

0.19

0.20

0.26

0.24

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.17

0.15

0.15

0.10

0.09

0.10

0.09

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.06

0.08

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.04

0.05

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.43

0.38

0.47

0.52

0.60

0.58

0.62

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.41

0.42

0.37

0.33

n/a

0.34

0.35

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.35

0.33

0.31

0.27

n/a

0.30

0.31

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.04

0.06

0.06

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.45

0.43

0.35

0.35

0.31

0.29

0.29

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.16

0.14

0.14

0.10

0.07

0.06

0.09

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.01

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.05

0.05

0.06

Other academic position

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.08

0.10

0.07

Industry

0.13

0.12

0.19

0.22

0.24

0.22

0.23

Federal labs and other government

0.14

0.14

0.11

0.11

0.09

0.12

0.10

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.04

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.08

0.06

0.06

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.39

0.40

0.46

0.58

0.59

0.56

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.46

0.41

0.33

0.32

n/a

0.34

0.34

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.37

0.34

0.27

0.26

n/a

0.29

0.30

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.00

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.00

Part-time employed

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.07

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.47

0.39

0.34

0.32

0.33

0.28

0.29

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.14

0.16

0.17

0.11

0.07

0.09

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

Other academic position

0.01

0.01

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.10

Industry

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.20

0.23

0.24

0.24

Federal labs and other government

0.15

0.18

0.19

0.14

0.13

0.12

0.13

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.08

0.09

0.06

0.07

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.42

0.35

0.41

0.48

0.56

0.54

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.41

0.39

0.30

0.33

n/a

0.33

0.32

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.35

0.29

0.23

0.26

n/a

0.30

0.28

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.5N Career Progression of Life-Science PhDs from Other Institutions—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

114

84

139

190

100

95

172

Part-time employed

141

71

139

174

272

177

158

Working outside science and engineering

115

177

61

137

138

223

299

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1410

1099

958

742

719

633

674

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

1046

625

443

385

291

428

369

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

1183

1884

2281

2304

2610

2626

3425

Other academic position

496

241

328

589

357

775

735

Industry

568

685

679

799

868

864

579

Federal labs and other government

763

565

331

305

470

382

271

Other jobs (including self-employed)

337

190

208

304

280

205

203

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

2884

2877

3487

3525

4060

3925

4188

Supported by federal grants/contracts

2800

2484

2900

2325

n/a

2517

2939

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

2289

1976

2451

1817

n/a

2146

2660

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

37

179

47

89

47

41

146

Part-time employed

111

82

71

132

193

296

213

Working outside science and engineering

133

150

145

63

114

308

348

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1978

1591

1572

1481

1240

1014

850

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

856

872

554

434

198

452

572

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

216

573

961

1135

1208

1579

1771

Other academic position

258

277

369

483

624

569

779

Industry

615

817

955

1202

1141

1059

995

Federal labs and other government

649

605

579

557

661

435

480

Other jobs (including self-employed)

287

483

281

361

356

298

234

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1980

2195

3214

3273

3645

3589

3376

Supported by federal grants/contracts

2286

2166

2139

2186

n/a

2054

2439

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1839

1749

1775

1804

n/a

1858

2079

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

24

120

143

46

72

97

141

Part-time employed

102

122

78

185

85

222

309

Working outside science and engineering

60

241

137

217

197

269

368

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1478

2184

1645

1647

1526

1454

1303

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

611

1007

668

525

501

415

535

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

73

279

381

561

511

704

790

Other academic position

124

215

277

327

569

421

582

Industry

426

746

1018

1143

1572

1386

1172

Federal labs and other government

650

944

800

570

555

594

535

Other jobs (including self-employed)

236

516

354

357

393

253

312

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1559

2236

2437

2693

3384

3045

3252

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1470

2448

1897

1695

n/a

1783

1831

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1248

1921

1571

1383

n/a

1592

1607

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

25

33

49

73

32

66

69

Part-time employed

44

85

91

130

229

188

191

Working outside science and engineering

97

149

140

263

240

372

316

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1314

2230

1821

1949

1938

1663

1621

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

461

730

715

560

444

319

530

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

24

134

151

111

325

308

322

Other academic position

49

138

223

305

508

562

386

Industry

377

643

1025

1223

1502

1254

1305

Federal labs and other government

401

726

597

615

583

715

572

Other jobs (including self-employed)

126

339

450

405

506

342

326

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1116

1931

2010

2388

3345

3067

2856

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1268

2038

1645

1669

n/a

1774

1745

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1011

1674

1348

1337

n/a

1521

1540

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

11

66

95

69

15

77

26

Part-time employed

34

70

100

177

157

129

139

Working outside science and engineering

90

156

219

196

219

436

292

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1170

1514

2068

1652

1787

1704

1656

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

352

634

1037

568

404

554

305

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

7

49

49

87

134

201

204

Other academic position

30

32

327

201

289

369

550

Industry

334

464

639

1060

1280

1470

1374

Federal labs and other government

367

722

1114

734

732

716

755

Other jobs (including self-employed)

84

196

361

440

468

360

405

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

952

1503

1950

1950

2453

3009

2838

Supported by federal grants/contracts

972

1393

1663

1542

n/a

1798

1671

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

819

1055

1308

1237

n/a

1601

1491

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.6F Career Progression of Nonbiomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.01

0.02

0.01

Part-time employed

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.05

0.07

0.02

0.04

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.08

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.27

0.27

0.30

0.24

0.20

0.12

0.16

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.24

0.11

0.13

0.07

0.06

0.11

0.09

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.06

0.14

0.14

0.19

0.22

0.30

0.33

Other academic position

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.12

0.03

0.11

0.07

Industry

0.11

0.18

0.18

0.14

0.23

0.13

0.11

Federal labs and other government

0.19

0.18

0.11

0.10

0.12

0.12

0.05

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.06

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.45

0.51

0.61

0.69

0.62

0.62

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.39

0.38

0.51

0.37

n/a

0.38

0.41

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.29

0.26

0.31

0.25

n/a

0.28

0.31

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.00

0.04

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.05

0.04

0.07

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.43

0.29

0.24

0.37

0.29

0.22

0.13

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.17

0.16

0.13

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.11

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.09

0.07

0.15

0.22

Other academic position

0.03

0.05

0.09

0.09

0.08

0.10

0.13

Industry

0.15

0.21

0.26

0.22

0.20

0.19

0.15

Federal labs and other government

0.17

0.18

0.16

0.10

0.19

0.13

0.13

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.05

0.04

0.05

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.38

0.33

0.53

0.57

0.58

0.59

0.52

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.43

0.36

0.33

0.45

n/a

0.22

0.44

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.35

0.31

0.20

0.35

n/a

0.15

0.34

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.05

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.06

0.07

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.04

0.01

0.06

0.01

0.06

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.34

0.30

0.27

0.33

0.37

0.29

0.24

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.20

0.21

0.14

0.14

0.09

0.07

0.03

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.01

0.03

0.00

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.12

Other academic position

0.01

0.01

0.07

0.04

0.07

0.05

0.1

Industry

0.10

0.12

0.18

0.18

0.21

0.24

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.27

0.23

0.26

0.15

0.16

0.11

0.15

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.02

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.06

0.02

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.45

0.31

0.45

0.43

0.63

0.52

0.69

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.37

0.41

0.28

0.33

n/a

0.33

0.32

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.31

0.31

0.22

0.23

n/a

0.25

0.23

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.00

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.05

0.02

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.09

0.09

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.49

0.45

0.34

0.31

0.33

0.26

0.27

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.15

0.13

0.15

0.11

0.05

0.08

0.11

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.00

0.01

0.00

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

Other academic position

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.09

0.08

0.05

Industry

0.11

0.13

0.23

0.25

0.25

0.18

0.22

Federal labs and other government

0.18

0.18

0.18

0.17

0.13

0.20

0.12

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.05

0.06

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.44

0.38

0.31

0.45

0.53

0.6

0.52

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.52

0.42

0.30

0.29

n/a

0.29

0.37

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.43

0.34

0.23

0.19

n/a

0.21

0.32

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.02

0.00

Part-time employed

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.07

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.47

0.31

0.26

0.26

0.37

0.30

0.28

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.16

0.19

0.26

0.13

0.10

0.12

0.06

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.04

0.02

0.03

Other academic position

0.01

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.10

Industry

0.10

0.09

0.08

0.18

0.14

0.19

0.18

Federal labs and other government

0.19

0.30

0.25

0.25

0.17

0.18

0.20

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.08

0.04

0.07

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.45

0.43

0.32

0.41

0.46

0.51

0.57

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.39

0.36

0.27

0.28

n/a

0.29

0.32

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.33

0.24

0.20

0.23

n/a

0.21

0.28

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.6N Career Progression of Nonbiomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

23

31

66

105

31

43

12

Part-time employed

38

11

48

105

146

39

78

Working outside science and engineering

45

56

26

79

37

76

151

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

615

547

573

562

426

259

307

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

542

218

243

163

135

237

178

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

138

290

280

438

460

643

632

Other academic position

125

107

78

270

57

228

131

Industry

258

364

344

313

492

278

221

Federal labs and other government

423

374

222

227

263

256

103

Other jobs (including self-employed)

49

57

55

49

89

60

111

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

890

879

914

1238

1324

1211

1047

Supported by federal grants/contracts

833

751

908

758

n/a

743

688

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

615

512

561

509

n/a

542

520

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

4

74

25

34

13

17

32

Part-time employed

17

23

21

102

84

129

59

Working outside science and engineering

22

41

75

33

42

69

88

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

849

609

508

818

635

426

270

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

338

328

264

71

92

108

230

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

35

41

86

204

159

291

462

Other academic position

59

108

180

205

171

185

267

Industry

298

442

533

493

434

355

305

Federal labs and other government

337

366

341

229

419

254

271

Other jobs (including self-employed)

17

35

56

38

112

81

97

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

737

638

1051

1167

1163

1007

997

Supported by federal grants/contracts

823

704

657

918

n/a

382

843

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

671

601

387

720

n/a

254

639

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

12

21

35

0

25

18

95

Part-time employed

45

36

25

34

23

124

124

Working outside science and engineering

30

94

13

105

26

117

70

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

519

688

527

620

763

568

447

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

312

487

268

267

180

142

48

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

16

59

2

102

57

108

213

Other academic position

14

26

131

70

141

94

179

Industry

154

274

341

339

436

468

348

Federal labs and other government

416

514

493

283

337

216

279

Other jobs (including self-employed)

28

81

86

86

93

110

38

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

663

662

834

758

1256

883

1064

Supported by federal grants/contracts

539

882

517

580

n/a

570

493

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

458

650

399

409

n/a

429

354

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0

24

18

31

4

30

25

Part-time employed

5

24

5

23

124

51

35

Working outside science and engineering

55

37

33

77

121

178

161

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

629

922

617

636

782

549

489

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

190

264

268

217

117

168

206

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

5

29

2

37

44

54

58

Other academic position

8

47

55

66

203

169

96

Industry

138

265

429

507

595

369

387

Federal labs and other government

233

369

330

356

295

421

219

Other jobs (including self-employed)

32

60

70

116

59

99

116

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

2088

 

Engaged primarily in research

545

746

557

874

1120

1092

823

Supported by federal grants/contracts

637

820

524

563

n/a

525

577

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

528

656

405

374

n/a

380

510

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

13

21

24

12

0

43

0

Part-time employed

11

12

31

64

46

37

41

Working outside science and engineering

43

56

124

91

58

159

99

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

587

456

674

483

733

671

547

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

205

280

658

240

197

276

117

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

3

5

6

10

74

34

53

Other academic position

18

23

101

86

90

113

198

Industry

128

137

216

340

274

428

349

Federal labs and other government

236

434

650

458

330

397

393

Other jobs (including self-employed)

18

34

75

74

164

83

138

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

533

589

751

693

865

1013

1024

Supported by federal grants/contracts

465

498

645

472

n/a

575

571

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

393

330

473

394

n/a

430

507

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.7F Career Progression of Biomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Fraction of 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.03

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.02

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.24

0.17

0.13

0.07

0.09

0.09

0.07

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.11

0.08

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.04

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.28

0.46

0.52

0.51

0.57

0.49

0.58

Other academic position

0.09

0.04

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.11

0.12

Industry

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.11

0.08

0.12

0.07

Federal labs and other government

0.08

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.03

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.07

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.03

0.02

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.60

0.65

0.74

0.70

0.78

0.74

0.72

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.58

0.58

0.59

0.48

n/a

0.47

0.51

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.50

0.49

0.54

0.40

n/a

0.42

0.48

Panel B: Fraction of 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.04

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.03

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.05

0.05

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.39

0.32

0.31

0.19

0.18

0.15

0.13

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.14

0.12

0.06

0.07

0.03

0.07

0.06

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.07

0.15

0.24

0.25

0.28

0.32

0.31

Other academic position

0.07

0.06

0.08

0.09

0.13

0.11

0.12

Industry

0.09

0.10

0.13

0.21

0.19

0.17

0.17

Federal labs and other government

0.09

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.06

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.08

0.11

0.06

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.03

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.47

0.49

0.68

0.62

0.74

0.70

0.67

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.55

0.50

0.48

0.40

n/a

0.46

0.45

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.46

0.41

0.43

0.34

n/a

0.42

0.42

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Fraction of 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.02

0.03

0.04

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.06

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.46

0.40

0.36

0.31

0.24

0.26

0.21

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.13

0.12

0.09

0.05

0.08

0.05

0.09

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.02

0.05

0.09

0.11

0.13

0.15

0.15

Other academic position

0.04

0.05

0.07

0.07

0.12

0.09

0.13

Industry

0.11

0.11

0.15

0.21

0.25

0.22

0.19

Federal labs and other government

0.11

0.09

0.08

0.08

0.06

0.09

0.06

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.07

0.09

0.09

0.07

0.08

0.06

0.06

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.44

0.47

0.54

0.57

0.64

0.67

0.64

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.50

0.48

0.48

0.37

n/a

0.38

0.42

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.43

0.40

0.42

0.33

n/a

0.36

0.38

Panel D: Fraction of 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.1

Part-time employed

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.03

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.47

0.43

0.42

0.40

0.32

0.32

0.33

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.14

0.14

0.10

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.06

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.01

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.06

0.07

0.07

Other academic position

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.07

0.10

0.11

0.08

Industry

0.12

0.11

0.15

0.19

0.23

0.23

0.22

Federal labs and other government

0.10

0.10

0.08

0.08

0.07

0.07

0.09

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.06

0.09

0.11

0.08

0.09

0.07

0.07

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.41

0.42

0.46

0.54

0.64

0.62

0.63

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.51

0.47

0.42

0.41

n/a

0.43

0.40

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.43

0.39

0.34

0.37

n/a

0.40

0.36

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Fraction of 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Part-time employed

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.02

0.03

Working outside science and engineering

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.06

0.04

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

0.48

0.46

0.45

0.37

0.36

0.31

0.35

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

0.13

0.13

0.09

0.09

0.05

0.07

0.05

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

0.00

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.03

Other academic position

0.01

0.01

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.09

Industry

0.13

0.12

0.12

0.18

0.26

0.23

0.25

Federal labs and other government

0.11

0.11

0.12

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.08

Other jobs (including self-employed)

0.06

0.06

0.08

0.11

0.08

0.08

0.07

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

0.39

0.43

0.44

0.45

0.56

0.60

0.58

Supported by federal grants/contracts

0.47

0.46

0.40

0.39

n/a

0.40

0.40

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

0.41

0.38

0.36

0.33

n/a

0.37

0.38

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.7N Career Progression of Biomedical Life-Science PhDs—US Citizens and Permanent Residents

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel A: Number in 1–2 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

121

144

110

115

80

52

199

Part-time employed

157

117

174

131

154

182

124

Working outside science and engineering

91

164

52

183

129

215

168

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1321

926

774

394

576

619

546

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

616

465

287

347

180

249

291

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

1521

2557

3167

3060

3681

3309

4348

Other academic position

487

215

461

501

517

740

900

Industry

401

419

562

642

521

797

524

Federal labs and other government

441

309

208

257

334

295

256

Other jobs (including self-employed)

363

264

303

389

292

228

182

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

3073

3335

4283

3894

4769

4588

5084

Supported by federal grants/contracts

2974

2968

3405

2675

n/a

2902

3620

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

2573

2501

3095

2218

n/a

2637

3379

Panel B: Number in 3–4 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

66

136

102

98

62

47

141

Part-time employed

135

90

102

103

211

265

229

Working outside science and engineering

157

144

82

61

118

318

370

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1835

1727

1793

1199

1059

966

892

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

671

655

367

420

155

434

427

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

349

815

1370

1538

1671

2061

2102

Other academic position

320

310

463

568

803

686

839

Industry

408

565

756

1311

1159

1064

1127

Federal labs and other government

421

399

395

425

383

298

385

Other jobs (including self-employed)

373

570

327

483

375

274

216

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

2039

2486

3707

3694

4156

4052

3998

Supported by federal grants/contracts

2400

2524

2647

2392

n/a

2664

2708

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

2009

2055

2356

1999

n/a

2420

2502

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel C: Number in 5–6 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

31

111

117

54

67

87

71

Part-time employed

121

181

124

267

94

184

274

Working outside science and engineering

72

202

159

184

220

224

390

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1692

2400

2064

1953

1482

1599

1369

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

464

717

515

338

471

334

589

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

78

324

514

713

782

893

958

Other academic position

163

281

407

458

720

527

799

Industry

395

631

873

1318

1538

1352

1224

Federal labs and other government

389

551

469

517

397

562

354

Other jobs (including self-employed)

272

532

493

431

470

395

358

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

1523

2538

2842

3257

3735

3819

3619

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1732

2632

2550

2108

n/a

2166

2357

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1468

2164

2226

1862

n/a

2025

2158

Panel D: Number in 7–8 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

36

71

51

63

28

36

88

Part-time employed

70

95

164

133

176

257

192

Working outside science and engineering

66

162

134

244

308

285

204

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1267

2074

2282

2289

2081

1944

2032

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

391

666

530

414

371

277

362

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

40

162

183

119

393

406

407

Other academic position

69

136

278

425

626

646

498

Industry

313

507

829

1076

1530

1368

1347

Federal labs and other government

281

501

465

473

435

449

551

Other jobs (including self-employed)

169

411

579

477

594

405

441

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

6073

 

Engaged primarily in research

1026

1894

2392

2823

3838

3399

3578

Supported by federal grants/contracts

1279

2088

2146

2153

n/a

2337

2249

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

1087

1745

1740

1964

n/a

2191

2047

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

 

Survey Year

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Panel E: Number in 9–10 Year Cohort

Not in Full-time S&E Work Force

Unemployed and seeking position

17

56

104

69

41

68

44

Part-time employed

61

117

149

168

231

147

201

Working outside science and engineering

72

168

162

206

238

400

241

Full-time employed in S&E field

Tenure-track faculty position @ PhD Institutions

1085

1811

2382

2082

2272

1917

2178

Tenure-track faculty position @ Other Inst

296

511

498

503

311

453

305

Postdoc total appointments (in any sector)

4

59

53

122

97

230

175

Other academic position

29

40

296

339

401

461

547

Industry

302

480

631

981

1610

1433

1533

Federal labs and other government

249

443

610

481

565

567

489

Other jobs (including self-employed)

144

243

397

602

527

481

450

Research Involvement (in full-time S&E position)

Engaged primarily in research

824

1555

2152

2311

3227

3321

3321

Supported by federal grants/contracts

981

1644

1956

2012

n/a

2237

2297

Supported by HHS, NSF, and/or USDA

873

1369

1734

1688

n/a

2066

2157

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Table F.8 Number of Citizen and Permanent Resident Life-Science PhDs by sector, 1973–1995

 

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1995

Unemployed and seeking

343

869

879

1063

852

1414

1682

Part-time employment

809

940

1463

2164

3016

4581

4447

Working outside S&E

951

1775

1606

3392

4355

6378

6457

Tenure-track faculty: PhD-granting inst.

13685

18957

23923

27838

31857

32908

34257

Tenure-track faculty: other inst.

4817

6316

7469

8048

8191

9272

10014

Postdoctoral appointments

2202

4402

5772

6461

7567

8316

9851

Other academic appointments

1401

1438

3062

4251

5734

6532

7828

Industry

3547

5938

8845

13308

17724

20517

21185

Federal labs & other gov't

4406

6174

7503

8474

10160

10675

11143

Self-employed & others

1835

3117

4550

6035

7196

7733

8120

Total PhDs in workforce

33996

49926

65072

81034

96652

103920

114984

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Appendix G
Getting Started on the World Wide Web: Web Sites of Interest to Young Scientists

This list is a starting point for readers who wish to search the Internet for information relevant to this report. It is neither complete nor fully representative. New sites open daily, and sites are discontinued without notice. Inclusion in the following list does not necessarily imply endorsement by the committee of the information found at the site.

Sites with a Focus on Young Scientists

Networking and Education Sites

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
×

Scientific Societies

Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Data Tables for Chapter 3." National Research Council. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6244.
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In each year between 1994 and 1996, more than 7,000 individuals received a Ph.D. in life-science, and the number of graduates is rising sharply. If present trends continue, about half of those graduates will have found permanent positions as independent researchers within ten years after graduation. These statistics—and the labor market situation they reflect—can be viewed either positively or negatively depending on whether one is a young scientist seeking a career or an established investigator whose productivity depends on the labor provided by an abundant number of graduate students.

This book examines the data concerning the production of doctorates in life-science and the changes in the kinds of positions graduates have obtained. It discusses the impact of those changes and suggests ways to deal with the challenges of supply versus demand for life-science Ph.D. graduates. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists will serve as an information resource for young scientists deciding on career paths and as a basis for discussion by educators and policymakers as they examine the current system of education linked to research and decide if changes in that system are needed.

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