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PAPERBACK list:$41.50 Web:$37.35 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $32.00 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Controlling the Quantum World: The Science of Atoms, Molecules, and Photons Plasma Science: Advancing Knowledge in the National Interest Other Related Titles Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (1986) Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications (CPSMA) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 177   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 177 Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (R1-R16) Summary (1-6) 1 A Program of Research Initiatives (7-28) 2 Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States Today (29-36) 3 Recommendations (37-52) 4 Atomic Physics (53-87) 5 Molecular Physics (88-109) 6 Optical Physics (110-125) 7 Scientific Interfaces (126-150) 8 Applications of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (151-174) Further Reading (175-176) Index (177-184)

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Index A Accelerator upgrades, 6 Accelerator-based atomic physics, 48-49, 78-84 Adiabatic motion, 74, 75 AMO physics, see also Atomic, physics; Molecular, physics; Optical, phys- ~cs applications of, 151 - 174 central goals of, 7 contributions to national programs, 2 demographics of, 29-30 economic impact of, 33-35 educational role of, 1-2, 30-31 field of, 7-8 funding of, 38, 39, 40-44 health of, in United States, 35-36 history of support of, 37-41 nature of, 1 plan of action for, 43-45 priorities of research in, 4 recent advances in, 2-3 recommendations in, 4, 37-52 relevance of, to funding agencies, 50-52 research awards in, 42 research opportunities in, 3-4 scientific interfaces and applications with, 31-33 177 scientific interfaces with, 126- 150 size of field, 29-30 with synchrotron radiation, 49-50, 84- 85 in United States today, 29-36 AMO research group, 45-46 Amphiphilic molecules, 133 Antibunching, photon, 120- 121 Associative ionization, 16 Astronomy, 127 Astrophysical chemistry, 130 Astrophysics, 126- 132 laboratory, 127- 128 Atmospheric physics 144- 146 Atom(s) distance between, 156 highly excited. 16 leptonic, 57-58 many-electron, 14- 16 muonic and hadronic, 58 out-of-round, 79 planetary, 14 16 QED effects in, 68-69 Rydberg, see Rydberg atom in solids, 134 in strong fields, 66-67 traps, 160

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178 INDEX Atomic charge transfer, 128 clocks, 10, 11, 12, 152, 159-160 coherence, 79 dynamics, 70-78 pair production in transient superhea- vies, 80-81 physics, 53-87; see also AMO physics accelerator-based, 48-49, 78-84 elementary, 53-62 initiative in, 10-18 neutral-current parity violations in, 59-60 parity violations in, 10- 13 recent advances in, 2-3 requiring larger facilities, 83-87 research opportunities in, 3 theoretical, 47 processes, 128 spectroscopy, 65, 147-149 states collective, 67-68 loosely bound, 63-65 structure, 63-69 systems elementary, 54 transient states of, 16-18 Atomic-nuclear frontier, 150 Auger electron spectroscopy, 143 Aurora, 145 Autoionization, 16, 95-96 Autoionizing resonances, 19 B Band gap, 134 Beam lines, dedicated, 49 Bell's inequalities, 60-61 Bistability, optical, 28, 121-122 Bloch equations, optical, 119, 136 Bose condensation, 14 Boson, second neutral, 60 Bound electronic states, 16 Bromley report, 38 C CAMS (Committee on Atomic and Molecular Science), 29, 42 Carbon dioxide lasers, 161 CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy), 119- 120 Cavity quantum electrodynamics, 123-124 Cesium atomic-beam frequency standard, 152 Chaotic motion, 21, 104, 122 Charge transfer, 81-82 Charge-parity-time (CPT) invariance, 11 Charge-transfer collisions, 128 Chemical reactions, 8, 100 dynamics of, 103-104 laser-driven, 162 resonances in, 105-106 at very low temperatures, 107 Chemistry, astrophysical, 130 Chromodynamics, quantum, 54 Clock, atomic, 10, 11, 12, 152, 159-160 Clusters, 21, 134-136 metal, 139, 141, 142 Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrosco- py(CARS),119-120 Coherent optical transients, 117 Coherent Raman spectroscopy, 119- 120 Collective atomic states, 67-68 Collective coordinates, 68 Collinear quantum calculations, 105 Collision(s), 70 charge-transfer, 128 electron-molecule, 98-99 half-collisions, 22, 23, 106 in laser light, 17-18, 23 molecular, physics of, 18, 22-23 radiative, 102-103 with Rydberg atoms, 74 state-to-state, 100 theory, quantitative, 18 ultraslow, 16-17, 74-75 Combustion, 2 Committee on Atomic and Molecular Sci- ence (CAMS), 29, 42 Communications fiber-optics, 162-163 laser, 160 Computers, large, access to, 5-6, 47-48 Condensed-matter physics, 132-138 Confinement inertial, 158-159 magnetic, 157-158 Conservation laws, approximate, 76-77 Continuum electronic states, 16, 70 Core-excited resonance, 72

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INDEX 1 79 Correlated electron dynamics, 14, 16 Correlated motion, 68 Cosmology, 130- 131 CPT (charge-parity-time) invariance, Cutting, laser, 164 D Data Centers, 168- 169 Data-base services, 167- 169 Department of Defense (DOD), 37, 38, 40-44, 50-51 Department of Energy (DOE), 37, 40-44, 51 Deuterated molecules, 129 Dielectronic recombination, 16, 73-74, 157 Dirac-Hartree-Fock self-consistent scheme, 69 DOD (Department of Defense), 37, 38, 40-44, 50-51 DOE (Department of Energy), 37, 40-44, 51 Doppler broadening, 21, 26 Doppler-free spectroscopy, 26, 27, 116 Double-well potentials, 15, 67 Drilling, laser, 164 Dye lasers, 111 E Educational role of AMO physics, 30-31 Electric dipole moment of neutron, 11, 59 Electric fields atoms in, 66-67 positive-energy periodic structure in, 66 Electrodynamics at long wavelengths, 28 quantum, see Quantum, electrody- nam~cs Electron(s) cloud, 19 continuum, structure of, 70-73 dynamics, correlated, 15- 16 excited, 16 magnetic moment of, 11, 13, 55, 56 motion of, in molecule, 19 photodetachment of, 17 promotion model, 16 scattering, 77-78 systems, correlated, 14 transfer, 81-82 two loosely bound, 64 Electron-molecule collisions, 98-99 Electron-muon atom, see Muonium Electron-positron atom, see Positronium Electron-scattering spectroscopy, 21 Electronic states bound, 16 continuum, 16, 70 structure, 88-92 Electronic-structure theory, 92 Electroweak theory, 11 - 12, 54 Excimer lasers, 4, 113-114 Excimers, 113 Excited electron, 16 Excited-state photoionization dynamics, 22 F Fe mto second optics, 124- 125 pulses, 26 spectroscopy, 124- 125 Fiber-optics communications, 162- 163 systems, 31 Fine-structure constant, 55, 131 Fluorocarbons, 146 Free-electron laser, 24, 111, 161 Fundamental tests, 10- 14 Fusion research, 2, 155, 157- 159 G Gauge theories, 54 Gravitational red shift, 61 Gravitational waves, 123 Gravity, time and, 10- 12 H Hadronic atoms, 58 Half-collisions, 22, 23, 106 Hamiltonian, many-body relativistic, 63 High-precision techniques, 10- 14 Hydrogen Lamb shift of, see Lamb shift

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1 80 INDEX in magnetic field, 63 spin-polarized, 137 symmetry of, 66-67 Hydrogen-bonded molecules, 92-93 Hydrogen-like uranium, 11 - 13 Hyperfine measurements, 147 I Inertial confinement, 158- 159 Initiative Areas, 4 Inner-shell molecular orbitals, 81 Inner-shell spectroscopy, 15 Instrumentation for Program of Research Initiatives, 5, 46-47 Interferometry, optical, 11 Interstellar molecules, 129- 130 Ion(s) highly charged, spectroscopy of, 15 implantation, 167 metastable, 82 molecular, 108- 109 production, slow-recoil, 82-83 sources, 17 Ionization rates, 17 Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) Facility, 148 J Jitter, laser, 21 K K meson decay, 13 L Laboratory astrophysics, 127- 128 Lamb shift, 11-13, 55, 57, 62, 69 Laser, 1, 85, 110-114 applications of, 2 carbon dioxide, 161 collisions in, 17-18, 23 communication, 160 cooling, 117, 153 cutting, 164 Doppler velocimetry, 133- 134 drilling, 164 dye, 111 economic return from, 33 excimer, 24, 113-114 free-electron, 24, 111, 161 jitter, 21 magnetic resonance, 108 metrology, 52 molecular physics and, 19 neodymium-glass, 24, 111 new, 26 rare-gas halide, 113- 114 remote sensing using, 31-32 semiconductor diode, 24, 111, 163 short-wavelength, 25-26 solar-pumped, 107 spectroscopy, 13, 88-94, 114- 120 stabilization techniques, 12 super-stable tunable, 112 surface science and, 141-142 surgery, 169-170 surveying, 126 tunable dye, 24 VUV, 22, 23 welding, 165 Laser-assisted manufacturing, 33-35, 164- 165 Laser-driven chemical reactions, 162 Laser-induced fluorescence, 135 Laser-induced surface chemistry, 166 Leptonic atoms, 57-58; see also Muon- ium; Positronium Light, 1 laser, see Laser in novel statistical states, 28 polarization of, 59 sources new, 24-26 synchrotron, 6 speed of, constancy of, 10, 12 synchrotron, 85 Light-scattering spectroscopy, 27, 132- 134 Local-mode structure, 94 Lyman-alpha radiation, 79 M Magnetic confinement, 157- 158 fields atoms in, 66-67 hydrogen in, 63

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INDEX 181 moment of electron, 11-13, 55, 56 of positron, 55, 56 Magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), 170- 173 Manufacturing, laser-assisted, 33-35, 164- 166 Many-body relativistic Hamiltonian, 63 Many-electron atom, 14-16 time-dependent, 16 Materials processing, 166- 167 science, 132-138 Medical physics, 169- 173 Metal clusters, 139, 141, 142 Metastable ions, 82 Meter, defined, 27, 155 Military technology, 159- 162 Molecular beam, 22 supersonic, 108 magnetic resonance technique, 60 scattering, 101 surface scattering, 138- 139 collisions, physics of, 18, 22-23 dynamics, 99-107 fields, shape resonances in, 96-97 fractionation, 129 ions, 108-109 negative, 64 orbitals, inner-shell, 81 photoionization, 22, 94-95 physics, 88-109; see also AMO physics initiative in, 18-23 lasers and, 19 recent advances in, 3 research opportunities in, 3 species novel, 107- 109 transient, 21 spectroscopy, 20-21 structure, 19 Molecular-bond-breaking processes, 106- 107 Molecular-structure calculations, 92 Molecule(s) amphiphilic, 133 deuterated, 129 in high vibrational state, 91 hydrogen-bonded, 92-93 interstellar, 129-130 isolated, physics of, 18-22 motions of electrons in, 19 in open-core states, 91-92 polyatomic, vibrational structure of, 93-94 quasi-molecules, 80 Rydberg, 89-91 Van der Waals, 19, 109 MQDT (multichannel quantum defect theory), 96 MRI (magnetic-resonance imaging), 170- 173 Multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT), 96 M ul ti p ho to n ionization, resonant, 97-98 processes, 15-16 spectroscopy, 27 Muonic atoms, 58 Muonium, 13, 57-58, 62 N National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration (NASA), 37, 40-43, 52 National Bureau of Standards (NBS), 37. 40-43 National Science Foundation (NSF), 37, 38, 40-43, 51-52 National security, 159- 162 National Standard Reference Data Sys- tem, 169 NBS (National Bureau of Standards)' 37, 40-43 Near-threshold ionization, 74 Neodymium-glass lasers, 24, 111 Neutral-current parity violations in atom- ic physics, 59-60 Neutrino flux, solar, 28 Neutron electric dipole moment of, 12-13, 59 rotation method, 60 Nonlinear optics, 24, 26, 110 Normal-mode frequencies, 93 NSF (National Science Foundation), 37, 38, 40-43, 51-52 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 33 spectroscopy, 172 physics, 146-150

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1 82 INDEX sources, polarized, 149 Nucleus, optical studies of, 147-149 o Optical bistability, 28, 121-122 Bloch equations, 119, 136 frequency-counting methods, 2 interferometry, 11 physics, 110-125; see also AMO physics initiative in, 23-28 recent advances in, 3 research opportunities in, 3 studies of nucleus, 147- 149 transients, coherent, 117 transitions, ultranarrow, 119, 136 Optics femtosecond, 26, 124- 125 nonlinear, 24, 26, 110 quantum, 24, 28, 120- 124 Optogalvanic spectroscopy, 115 Order-disorder transitions, 132- 133 Overtones, 93 p Pair production in transient superheavies, 80-81 Parity violations in atomic physics, 10-13 neutral-current, 59-60 Periodic structure, positive-energy, 66 Perturbation theory, 55 Phonon spectroscopy, surface, 138- 139 Phosphorous imaging, 171 Photoacoustic detection, 115 Photodetachment of electrons, 17 Photodissociation, 23 Photoelectrons, 95 Photofragmentation process, 106-107 Photoionization, 71 dynamics, excited-state, 22 molecular, 22, 94-95 resonant, 116 Photon antibunching, 120- 121 polarization of, 61 Physics AMO, see AMO physics astrophysics, 126-132 atmospheric, 144- 146 atomic, see Atomic, physics condensed-matter, 132- 138 of isolated molecules, 18-22 medical, 169- 173 of molecular collisions, 18, 22-23 molecular, see Molecular, physics nuclear, 146-150 optical, see Optical, physics plasma, 143-144 space, 131-132 Pi state, 79 Pionium, 13 Planetary atom, 14, 16 Plasma diagnostics, 31 physics, 143-144 reactive, 22 resonances, 142 Polarization of light, 59 of photons, 61 Polarized nuclear sources, 149 Positive-energy periodic structure, 66 Positron magnetic moment of, 55, 56 scattering, 77-78 Positronium, 13, 55, 57-58, 78 thermal, 58 Potential energy surfaces. 103, 105 Potential resonance, 72 Precision measurement techniques, 151- 155 Program of Research Initiatives, 3, 7-28, 36, 43-45 base support for, 45-46 goals of, 9 instrumentation and, 5, 46-47 introduction to, 9-10 organization of report on, 8-9 recommendations in, 45-48 support for, 4-5 Promotion model, 76 Proton imaging, 172 Protonium, 150 Pulses. femtosecond. 26 Q QED, see Quantum, electrodynamics Quantitative collision theory, 18

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INDEX 1 83 Quantum beats, 79 chromodynamics, 54 defect, 64 electrodynamics (QED), 11- 14 advances in, 54-55 cavity, 123- 124 effects in atoms of, 68-69 of highly charged systems, 79-80 fluids, spin-polarized, 136- 138 mechanics, 60-61 optics, 24, 28, 120- 124 Quantum-scattering calculations, approxi- mate, 105 Quark-antiquark bound-state systems, 55 Quasi-bound region, 91 Quasi-classical trajectories, 105 Quasi-elastic light scattering, 132- 133 Quasi-molecules, 80 R Radiative collisions, 102- 103 Raman spectroscopy coherent, 119- 120 coherent anti-Stokes (CARS), 119- 120 stimulated (SRS), 119- 120 Rare-gas halide lasers, 113-114 Reactive plasmas, 22 Recombination rates, 17 Red shift, gravitational, 61 Relativistic beams, spectroscopy with, 73 Remote sensing using lasers, 31-32 Research awards in AMO physics. 42 Research group, AMO, 45-46 Research Initiatives, Program of, see Program of Research Initiatives Research Instrumentation Program, 46 Resonance states, 72 Resonances, 19 Resonant multiphoton ionization, 97-98 Resonant photoionization, 116 Retardation effects, 63 Rydberg atom, 16, 64-65, 123- 124, 128- 129 collisions with, 75 Rydberg molecule, 89-91 S Saturation spectroscopy, 21, 116 Scattering positron and electron, 77-78 experiment, complete, 17, 77 Security, national, 159- 162 Semiconductor diode lasers, 24, 111, 163 Shape resonances, 19 in molecular fields, 96-97 Short-wavelength laser, 25-26 Sigma state, 79 Slow recoil-ion production, 82-83 Soft x rays, 25 Solar neutrino flux, 28 Solar-pumped lasers, 107 Space isotropy of, 10, 61 physics, 131 - 132 time and, 61-62 Space Shuttle glow, 146 Spectroscopy, 114 advanced, 24, 26-28 atomic, 65, 147- 149 Auger electron, 143 of chemical reactions, 102 Doppler-free, 26, 27, 116 electron-scattering, 21 femtosecond, 124- 125 of highly charged ions, 15 inner-shell, 15 laser, 13, 88-94, 114- 120 light-scattering, 27. 132- 134 molecular, 20-21 multiphoton, 27 nuclear magnetic resonance, 170- 173 optogalvanic, 115 Raman, see Raman spectroscopy with relativistic beams, 73 saturation. 21, 116 surface phonon, 138- 139 trapped ion, 13- 14 ultraprecise, 27 115 ultrasensitive, 115- 116 Speed of light, constancy of, 10, 12 Spin-polarized hydrogen, 137 quantum fluids. 136- 138 Squeezed states, 122- 123 SRS (stimulated Raman spectroscopy), 119-120 State-to-state chemistry, 23, 100- 102 collisions, 100

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1 84 INDEX Stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), 119-120 Supersonic molecular beam, 108 Super-stable tunable lasers, 112 Surface chemistry, laser-induced, 166 phonon spectroscopy, 138- 139 scattering, molecular-beam, 138- 139 science, 138- 143 lasers and, 141 - 142 Summary, 1-6 Surgery, laser, 169- 170 Surveying, laser, 126 Synchrotron light, 6, 85 radiation, 111 AMO physics with, 49-50, 84-85 T Theoretical atomic community, 5 atomic physics, 47 Thermal positronium, 58 r. _. . ,Ime gravity and, 10- 12 space and, 61-62 Time-dependent many-electron system, 16 Time-reversal invariance, 10 symmetry, 13, 58-59 Time standard, 52 Transition-state theory, variational, 104- 105 Trapped-ion methods, 62, 107, 118- 119 spectroscopy, 13- 14 Trimers, 135 Tunable dye laser, 24 Tunable x rays, 83 U Ultranarrow optical transitions, 119, 136 Ultraprecise spectroscopy, 27, 115 Ultrasensitive detection, 27-28 Ultrasensitive spectroscopy, 115- 116 Ultraslow collisions, 16- 17, 74-75 Uranium, hydrogen-like, 11, 13 V Van der Waals molecules, 19, 109 Variational transition-state theory, 104- 105 Velocimetry, laser Doppler, 133- 134 Vibrational structure of polyatomic mole- cules, 93-94 VUV lasers, 22, 23 W Wannier-ridge resonances, 72 Welding, laser, 165 X X-ray spectrum, 153 X rays molecular orbital, 81 soft, 25 tunable, 83

Representative terms from entire chapter:

atomic physics