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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This project was supported by the United States Agency for International Development’s Office of Population, under award no. CCP-A-0095-00024-02, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world / Caroline H. Bledsoe ... [et al.] editors.
p. cm.
“Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council.”
ISBN 0-309-06191-1 (pbk.)
1. Birth control—Study and teaching—Developing countries. 2. Fertility, Human—Study and teaching—Developing countries. 3. Teenage girls—Education—Developing countries. I. Bledsoe, Caroline H. II. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Population.
HQ766.5.D44 C75 1999
363.9′6′07101724—dc21 98-40216
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Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION 1998
JANE MENKEN (Chair),
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
JOHN BONGAARTS,
The Population Council, New York
DAVID A. LAM,
Department of Economics, University of Michigan
LINDA G. MARTIN, RAND,
Santa Monica, California
MARK R. MONTGOMERY,
Department of Economics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, and The Population Council, New York
W. HENRY MOSLEY,
Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University
ALBERTO PALLONI,
Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
JAMES P. SMITH, RAND,
Santa Monica, California
BETH J. SOLDO,
Department of Demography, Georgetown University
LINDA J. WAITE,
Department of Sociology, University of Chicago
BARNEY COHEN, Director
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
CONTRIBUTORS
ALAKA M. BASU, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
ANTHONY T. CARTER, Department of Anthropology, University of Rochester
JOHN B. CASTERLINE, The Population Council, New York
IAN DIAMOND, Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton
PARFAIT M. ELOUNDOU-ENYEGUE, RAND, Santa Monica, California
BRUCE FULLER, School of Education, University of California, Berkeley
PAUL GLEWWE, The World Bank
JOHN G. HAAGA, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, D.C.
JENNIFER A. JOHNSON-KUHN, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
XIAOYAN LIANG, The World Bank
CYNTHIA B. LLOYD, The Population Council, New York
BARBARA MENSCH, The Population Council, New York
MARK R. MONTGOMERY, Department of Economics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, and The Population Council, New York
MARGARET NEWBY, Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton
DUNCAN THOMAS, RAND, Santa Monica, California
SARAH VARLE, Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton
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Acknowledgments
The committee is grateful to the many individuals who made substantive and productive contributions to the project. Most important, we are indebted to the authors of the papers for their willingness to participate and to contribute with their special knowledge. Primary organization and planning for the workshop and this report was overseen by committee member Caroline Bledsoe, former committee member John Casterline, and former staff director John Haaga. The committee would also like to thank Barney Cohen, project director; LaTanya Johnson, project assistant; and Rona Briere, contract editor.
These papers have been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council (NRC). The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments to assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the purpose of the activity. The committee thanks the following individuals for their participation in the review of the papers in this report: William Axinn, Pennsylvania State University; Jere Behrman, University of Pennsylvania; Caroline Bledsoe, Northwestern University; John Casterline, Population Council; Teresa Castro-Martín, United Nations; Orieji Chimere-Dan, University of Witwatersrand; Elizabeth Colson, University of California, Berkeley; Barbara Entwisle, University of North Carolina; Bruce Fuller, University of California, Berkeley; Eugene A. Hammel, University of California, Berkeley; Jennifer Johnson-Kuhn, Northwestern University; Elizabeth King, World Bank; Anjini Kochar, Stanford University; David Lam, University of
Michigan; Thomas Pullum, University of Texas at Austin; Brian Street, University of Sussex; Stephen Tollman, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; and Nicholas Townsend, Brown University. While these individuals provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this volume rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.
Finally, the committee gratefully acknowledges the United States Agency for International Development, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation for their generous financial support.
Contents
Introduction |
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Female Education and Fertility: Examining the Links |
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What is Meant, and Measured, by "Education"? |
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Implications of Formal Schooling for Girls' Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries |
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School Quality, Student Achievement, and Fertility in Developing Countries |
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Fertility, Education, and Resources in South Africa |
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Which Girls Stay in School? The Influence of Family Economy, Social Demands, and Ethnicity in South Africa |
Excess Fertility, Unintended Births, and Children's Schooling |
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Women's Education, Marriage, and Fertility in South Asia: Do Men Really Not Matter? |
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Fertility and Education: What Do We Now Know? |
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Critical Perspectives on Schooling and Fertility in the Developing World
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