. "D Risks Associated with Disinfection By-products Formed by Water Chlorination Related to Trihalomethanes (THMs)." Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999.
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Exposure duration: 70 y
Averaging time for carcinogenic effects: 70 y (25,550 d)
Average transfer coefficient = 0.1 µg / m3 (air)/µg/L (water)
Unit Dose Factor for Cancer Risk (lifetime average):
3) Dermal Uptake from Bathing at Home Assumptions
Body weight: 70 kg
Area of body exposed during bathing: about 20,000 cm2 (in the range of central to upper estimate from EPA guidance)
Effective permeability of THMs through skin for a 10-min exposure: 0.05 cm h-1, based on value for chloroform estimated by McKone (1993) from EPA and other models
Bath or shower for 0.17 h (10 min) once per day, 365/day
Exposure duration: 70 y
Averaging time for carcinogenic effects: 70 y (25,550 d)
Unit Dose Factor for Cancer Risk (lifetime average) =
In the tables below, Risk = Cw x UDF x Potency.
The total risk for each chemical is the sum of the risks across the three exposure routes.
