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Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers (1998)

Chapter: Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×

H Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders

TABLE H.1 Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders, by State

State

Does Not Regulate Purchase/ Possession

Has Some Regulation of Purchase/Possession

Exempts by Use

Exempts by Amount

ALABAMA

 

 

X

 

ALASKA

X

 

 

 

ARIZONA

 

 

X

 

ARKANSAS

X

 

 

 

CALIFORNIAa

 

Requires detailed statement from purchaser

 

 

COLORADO

 

 

X

X

CONNECTICUT

 

 

X

X

DELAWARE

 

 

 

X

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAb

 

Allows persons holding registration certificates to hand load, reload, or custom load ammunition for registered firearms

 

 

FLORIDA

 

 

 

X

NOTE: The Committee on Smokeless and Black Powder would like to thank Tally Wiener, Brooklyn Law School, for her contribution to the preparation of this appendix.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×

State

Does Not Regulate Purchase/ Possession

Has Some Regulation of Purchase/Possession

Exempts by Use

Exempts by Amount

GEORGIA

 

 

X

X

HAWAII

 

 

X

 

IDAHO

 

 

X

 

ILLINOISc

 

Allows purchase of limited quantities with identification card

 

 

INDIANA

X

 

 

 

IOWA

 

 

X

X

KANSAS

X

 

 

 

KENTUCKY

 

 

X

 

LOUISIANA

 

 

X

X

MAINE

 

 

 

X

MARYLAND

 

 

X

X

MASSACHUSETTSd

 

Allows purchase with license or identification

 

 

MICHIGANe

 

Requires permit for purchase or sale

 

 

MINNESOTA

 

 

X

 

MISSISSIPPIf

X

Requires seller to record sale of explosives

 

 

MISSOURI

X

 

 

 

MONTANA

X

 

 

 

NEBRASKA

 

 

X

 

NEVADA

X

 

 

 

NEW HAMPSHIRE

 

 

 

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×

State

Does Not Regulate Purchase/ Possession

Has Some Regulation of Purchase/Possession

Exempts by Use

Exempts by Amount

NEW JERSEY

 

 

X

X

NEW MEXICO

 

 

X

X

NEW YORK

 

 

 

X

NORTH CAROLINA

X

 

 

 

NORTH DAKOTA

 

 

X

 

OHIO

 

 

X

 

OKLAHOMA

 

 

X

 

OREGON

 

 

X

 

PENNSYLVANIA

 

 

X

X

RHODE ISLAND

 

 

X

X

SOUTH CAROLINA

 

 

X

X

SOUTH DAKOTA

 

 

X

 

TENNESSEE

X

 

 

 

TEXAS

 

 

 

X

UTAH

 

 

X

 

VERMONT

 

 

X

 

VIRGINIAg

 

Requires person selling ''explosives'' to keep a record of sale

 

 

WASHINGTON

 

 

X

X

WEST VIRGINIA

 

 

X

 

WISCONSIN

 

 

X

 

WYOMING

X

 

 

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×

NOTE: Also includes the District of Columbia. This list does not reflect (1) statutes, such as exist in a number of states, that bar purchase or possession of gunpowder by designated classes of persons, such as minors, felons, or persons addicted to, or users of, controlled substances, or (2) statutes that regulate the storage or transportation of gunpowder.

a See Cal. Health & Safety Code § 12102.1.

b See D.C. Code Ann. § 6-2341(a).

c See Ill. Ann. Stat. ch. 225, § 210/1004.

d See Mass. Gen. L. ch. 140, § 131(E).

e See Mich. Comp. Laws, ch. 140, § 129(C).

f See Miss. Code Ann. § 45-13-101.

g See Va. Code Ann. § 59.1-138.

SOURCE: The material in this appendix was compiled from Lexis-Nexis and WestLaw searches of each state's statutes

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×
Page 152
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: Regulation of Black and Smokeless Powders." National Research Council. 1998. Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6289.
×
Page 153
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Some 600 pipe bomb explosions have occurred annually in the United States during the past several years. How can technology help protect the public from these homemade devices?

This book, a response to a Congressional mandate, focuses on ways to improve public safety by preventing bombings involving smokeless or black powders and apprehending the makers of the explosive devices. It examines technologies used for detection of explosive devices before they explode—including the possible addition of marking agents to the powders—and technologies used in criminal investigations for identification of these powders—including the possible addition of taggants to the powders—in the context of current technical capabilities.

The book offers general conclusions and recommendations about the detection of devices containing smokeless and black powders and the feasibility of identifying makers of the devices from recovered powder or residue. It also makes specific recommendations about marking and tagging technologies. This volume follows the work reported in Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings (NRC 1998), which studied similar issues for bombings that utilize high explosives.

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