Appendix O Acronyms and Glossary
Acronyms
AAFP
American Academy of Family Physicians
AAP
American Academy of Pediatrics
ACNM
American College of Nurse Midwives
ACOG
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
ACTG 076
AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol number 076
ADA
American with Disabilities Act
ADAP
AIDS Drug Assistance Program
AETC
AIDS Education and Training Center
AFDC
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
AHEC
AIDS Health Education Center
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AMA
American Medical Association
AMCHP
Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs
APIDS
AIDS Public Information Data Set
APPCYF
AIDS Policy Center for Children, Youth and Families
AWHONN
Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
BPHC
Bureau of Primary Care
BRFSS
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
CARE
(Ryan White) Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (Act)
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CHIP
Child Health Insurance Program
CIP
consumer information program
CPCRA
Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
DHHS
Department of Health and Human Services
DSH
disproportionate share hospital
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
HCFA
Health Care Financing Administration
HEDIS
Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HRSA
Health Resources and Services Administration
IOM
Institute of Medicine
IDU
injection drug users
JCAHO
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations
MCHB
Maternal and Child Health Bureau
MCO
managed care organization
MSA
metropolitan statistical area
MSAFP
maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
NCQA
National Committee for Quality Assurance
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NMA
National Medical Association
NRC
National Research Council
NTD
neural tube defect
OPA
Office of Population Affairs
PACTG
Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group
PCP
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
PGEP
Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Project
PHS
Public Health Service
PKU
phenylketonuria
PRAMS
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
PRWORA
Personnel Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
PSD
Pediatric Spectrum of Disease
SAMHSA
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SCBW
Survey of Childbearing Women
SCD
sickle cell disease
SPNS
Special Projects of National Significance
SSDI
Social Security Disability Insurance
SSI
Supplemental Security Income
SSIDCP
SSI Disabled Children's Program
STD
sexually transmitted disease
STEP
Surveillance to Evaluate Prevention
TANF
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
WIC
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
WIN
Women's Initiative for HIV Care and Reduction of Perinatal Transmission
WORLD
Women Organized to Respond to Life-threatening Diseases
ZDV
zidovudine, previously known as AZT
Glossary
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS):
an acquired, as opposed to inherited (congenital), disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of host immune defenses that renders the affected individual susceptible to an array of infectious and malignant disorders that do not normally afflict persons with intact immune systems. AIDS results from infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and is formally defined by a case definition issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
AIDS exceptionalism:
phenomenon where HIV/AIDS is treated differently from other diseases, especially with regard to clinical testing and public health screening programs.
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP):
normal fetal protein that is usually present in maternal serum, used to diagnose neural tube defects and other conditions during pregnancy.
case finding:
identifying a previously unknown or unrecognized condition in apparently healthy or asymptomatic persons and offering presymptomatic treatment to those so identified.
completely mandatory:
situation in which a government agency requires citizens to undergo a screening test, and sanctions those who do not comply.
conditionally mandatory:
situation in which either government or a private institution makes access to a designated service or opportunity contingent on participation in a screening program.
counseling:
communication process by which individuals and their family members are given information about the nature, risks, burden and benefits of testing, and the meaning of test results.
HIV:
the retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, that is responsible for most cases of AIDS worldwide.
Neural tube defect (NTD):
major birth defect affecting the brain and spinal column.
Non-directive patient choice:
situation in which individuals are provided information about a test and the choice is explicitly left to them.
phenylketonuria (PKU):
hereditary metabolic disorder, in which a deficiency of an enzyme leads to the accumulation of the amino acid phenylalanine, resulting in severe mental retardation if not appropriately treated.
routine with notification:
situation in which individuals are informed that a certain test is a standard part of prenatal care, and of their right to refuse before the testing is done.
routine without notification:
situation in which individuals are routinely and automatically tested unless they expressly ask that a test not be done.
screening:
application of a test to all individuals in a defined population.
sickle cell disease (SCD):
an autosomal recessive hemolytic anemia occurring most frequently in African Americans, but also in persons of Mediterranean origin and others.
surveillance:
monitoring the incidence or prevalence of a disease in a defined population over time, or comparing the incidence or prevalence among different populations.
testing:
application of a test or measurement to selected individuals for the purpose of identifying a disease or medical condition.
zidovudine (ZDV) (also knows as AZT):
antiretroviral drug found to significantly reduce perinatal transmission of HIV.
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