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Reducing the Odds: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States (1999)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "Index." Reducing the Odds: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999.

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AIDS Drug Assistance Program, 175, 238

AIDS Education and Training Centers, 196, 211

AIDS exceptionalism, 32, 33, 314

AIDS Health Education Centers, 7, 114

AIDS Policy Center for Children, Youth and Families, 73, 230-231

AIDS Public Information Data Set, 37

AIDS service organizations, 57, 157, 169

Aid to Families with Dependent Children, reform of, 63, 184

see also Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

Alabama, 19, 86-87, 100, 231, 252-259

Alaska, 86-87

Alcohol use and abuse

Medicaid coverage of abusers, 172

prenatal care use and, 231

testing of newborns, 30

testing of women, 30, 277

treatment for, 180

see also Substance abusers

Alpha-fetoprotein, 25-26, 29, 193

American Academy of Family Physicians, 72, 214-216

American Academy of Pediatrics, 1, 25, 27, 72, 193-194, 331

American Association of Health Plans, 221-222

American College of Nurse Midwives, 73, 219-220

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1, 25, 29, 71 -72, 166, 167, 192-193

American Medical Association, 72-73, 191-192

Americans with Disabilities Act, 155, 187, 195

Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, 220-221

Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses, 216 -218

Attitudes

family members, 239, 240-241, 247, 248, 257, 269, 277

patients, 21, 81, 101, 120, 213, 231, 232

adolescents, 243-244

drug treatment, acceptance/refusal, 241, 243, 246-247, 248, 256-257, 261, 278, 284

immigrants, 244, 245

individuals, accounts of, 232-234, 246-248, 266-269, 275-285

testing, acceptance/refusal, 5, 6, 14, 18-19, 21, 31, 71, 72, 77, 85, 86-89, 92-96, 105, 111, 120, 121-122, 133, 191, 207, 212, 222, 231, 233, 277, 363

ZDV treatment acceptance/compliance, 96-100, 213, 229, 256, 261, 268, 276-277, 279, 283, 284, 307, 309

providers, 21, 32, 75, 76-85, 198-199, 209, 233-234, 242, 281, 282 , 283-284

counseling, 32, 75, 76-85, 117, 193, 200, 206, 213, 226, 237, 239, 242, 243, 281

sexual behavior, discomfort with discussing, 242, 243, 281

stigma and taboo, 2, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28-29, 31, 32, 33, 112-113, 231 , 239, 268, 317

see also Cultural factors;

Religious factors

AZT, see Zidovudine

B

Balanced Budget Act of 1997, 64, 65, 169, 185

Behavioral interventions, see Counseling;

Psychotherapy

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 85, 88-89, 94

Birth control, see Abortion;

Contraception;

Family planning

Block grants, 177, 180

Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant, 158, 161, 177-178, 184, 218, 220-221

Prevention and Treatment of Substance Abuse Block Grant, 180

primary care, federal requirements, 57, 165, 177, 257-258

Substance Abuse, Prevention, and Treatment Block Grant, 57, 164-165

TANF, 63

Blood donation and transfusion, 31, 40, 89, 268, 287, 317

hemophilia/coagulation disorders, 40, 176, 262

Bragdon v. Abbott, 58

Breast-feeding, 13, 17, 45, 46, 53, 72, 73, 102, 130, 161, 162, 190 , 194, 197-200 (passim), 213-214, 219, 240, 248, 261, 266, 278, 314 , 359, 365

counseling, 4, 52, 199-200, 213

WIC program, 104, 233, 261, 282

Page
378
Front Matter (R1-R16)
Executive Summary (1-14)
1 Introduction (15-20)
2 Public Health Screening Programs (21-35)
3 Descriptive Epidemiology of the Perinatal Transmission of HIV (36-44)
4 Natural History, Detection, and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Newborns (45-53)
5 Context of Services for Women and Children Affected by HIV/AIDS (54-67)
6 Implementation and Impact of the Public Health Service Counseling and Testing Guidelines (68-108)
7 Recommendations (109-133)
References (134-144)
Appendixes (145-146)
A Committee and Staff Biographies (147-154)
B Context of Services for Women and Children Affected by HIV/AIDS (155-189)
C Workshop I Summary (190-202)
D Workshop II Summary (203-235)
E New York/New Jersey Site Visit Summary (236-251)
F Alabama Site Visit Summary (252-259)
G South Texas Site Visit Summary (260-270)
H Florida Conference Summary (271-274)
I HIV Testing and Perinatal Transmission: Thoughts from an HIV-Positive Mother (275-285)
J Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Testing Among Women 15-44: Results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (286-303)
K Details of the Committee's Models and Assumptions (304-312)
L Passing the Test: New York's Newborn HIV Testing Policy, 1987-1997 (313-340)
M Excerpts from the Ryan White CARE Act Amendments of 1996 (341-346)
N 1995 U.S. Public Health Service Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Counseling and Testing for Pregnant Women (347-371)
O Acronyms and Glossary (372-376)
Index (377-397)