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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Index


Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), 153, 154

Accident

defined, 28

perception of injury as, 199

prevention, 21, 24, 28, 32-33

Accidental Death and Disability report, 18-19, 138, 159, 227, 261

Acute care, 9, 20, 29, 30, 129, 140, 150, 152, 165, 167, 240, 243

Administration for Children and Families, 206

Administration on Aging, 206

Adolescents.

See also Age

firearm-related injuries, 7-8, 132-133, 134

impulsivity, 26

violence prevention programs, 184, 191

worker safety, 225, 227

Advocacy, 36, 180, 185, 199-201

Age

and deaths from injuries, 41, 46-48, 49-50, 86

and emergency department visits, 51-52

and falls, 48, 52

and fire and burn injuries, 48, 52

and firearm injuries, 47, 52, 100

and homicides, 47

and hospitalizations, 50-51

minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 117-118, 123, 200

minimum for firearm purchase, 126, 127

and motor vehicle traffic-related injuries, 46-47, 52, 100

patterns of injury by, 49-52

and poisonings, 48, 52

and response to injury, 154

and risk-taking behavior, 100

and suffocations, 48, 52

and suicides, 47, 86

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), 9, 148, 167, 206

Agent of injury, 93.

See also Product safety

Airbags, 61, 75, 91, 208

Alcohol Incentive Grants, 208

Alcohol use, 26

Blood alcohol level laws, 35, 36, 103, 209

designated driver program, 198

excise taxes and, 94-95, 198

legal sanctions for, 91, 118, 122

minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 72, 117-118, 123, 200

and motor vehicle traffic-related deaths, 46-47

safe ride program, 198

server intervention programs, 92

socioeconomic environment and, 94, 95

and violence, 89, 95

All-terrain vehicles, 34, 215

American Academy for the Certification of Brain Injury Specialists , 184

American Academy of Pediatrics, 179, 196, 215

American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77

American Bar Association, 75

American Board of Medical Specialties, 145

American College of Surgeons, 76, 140, 141, 144, 148

Committee on Trauma, 77, 150

American Medical Association Committee on Medical Education, 145

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

American National Standards Institute, 218

American Pediatric Surgical Association, 142

American Public Health Association, 31, 179, 194

American School Health Association, 179

American Society for Criminology, 130

American Trauma Society, 21

Anatomic Profile, 153

Antilock brakes, 123

Apoptosis, 99

ASCOT, 154

Assaultive injuries, 24, 29, 86, 88, 89

prevention, 8, 91, 92, 94, 132, 238

research, 89-90, 129

Auto insurance, 91, 163

Aviation safety, 95-96


Baby Safety Showers, 214

Basic Injury Program Development, 189

Behavioral adaptation to safety improvements, 100-101, 122, 215

Behavioral interventions, 32-33

incentives and deterrence, 91-92, 95

self-protection, 92

targeting high-risk groups, 92, 128, 133

Behavioral research, 6, 91, 99-101, 119-120, 128, 130, 208

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 67

Biases in data, 48

Bicycle helmets, 84-85, 87, 92, 102, 122, 189, 190, 198, 215, 241, 242

Biofidelic models, 98

Biological sciences, research in, 99, 128, 130

Biomechanics, 20, 32

interventions, 96, 179, 208

research, 6, 96-98, 99, 106, 119, 129, 130, 208, 211, 244, 245, 247 -248

Biomedical engineering, 185

Blood alcohol level (BAL) laws, 35, 36, 103, 209

Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 127

Brain and spinal cord injury, 96-97, 99, 119, 122, 151, 155, 157, 158, 184, 187, 189, 228, 231, 241, 243, 245

Brain Injury Association (BIA), 184, 199

Buckle Up America!, 209

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, 126, 127, 207

Project LEAD, 125

Bureau of Justice Statistics, 207

Bureau of Labor Statistics, 66, 207, 221, 222

Bureau of Mines, 223

Bureau of the Census, 69


California, injury prevention plan, 187-188

California Wellness Foundation, 184

Canada

motor vehicle safety, 123

trauma care, 142, 151

Carbon monoxide in cooking gas, 26, 87-88

Carnegie Corporation of New York, 232

Case-control studies, 6, 102, 103

Case-crossover studies, 102-103

Case mix, 152-154

Case studies

defined, 103

firearm injuries, 124-135

misuse of, 103

motor vehicle injuries, 115-124

Cause of injury

behavioral research, 101

biomechanics research, 96

E codes, 63-64, 65

economic costs by, 54

mortality rates by, 42-43, 47, 54, 132

patterns of injury by, 52

phases, 22, 29, 30

years of potential life lost by, 53, 54

Census of Agriculture, 69

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 53, 66, 72, 221

Center on Children and the Law, 75

Center to Prevent Handgun Violence, 197 n.3

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19, 103, 189 n.2, 223, 240

conferences, 31

injury control research centers, 2, 20, 24, 31, 227, 249

injury focus, 206, 239

leadership role, 12, 251, 261

surveillance systems, 67, 73, 125, 147

trauma care funding, 160

violence prevention, 236

Child protective services, 182

Child safety, 21

biomechanical research, 97, 98

child-resistant packaging, 84, 101, 215

cigarette lighter standards, 93, 215

evaluation of programs, 198

gun safe-storage laws, 127, 132

home visits for first-time mothers, 26, 84, 90, 92

playground safety, 85, 232, 241

seat restraints in motor vehicles, 91-92, 95, 119, 120, 179, 190

state and local initiatives, 182, 185, 191, 192, 193

surveillance systems, 68, 75

Children.

See also Age

agricultural injuries, 227

arrests for weapons offenses, 133

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

causes of death, 142

death review teams, 75, 184

firearm injuries, 124, 130, 134

mortality rates, 49, 84, 86, 124, 132

poisonings, 48, 83-84, 101

trauma care for, 142

Children's Bureau, 206, 230

Children's National Medical Center, 185

Children's Safety Network, 194, 197, 232

Cigarette lighters, child-resistant, 93, 215

Clinical research, 32, 130, 148, 226, 227, 229, 230

Coalition building, 185, 190, 192, 193, 198, 201

Cochrane Collaboration, 198

Coding issues, 29

cause of injury, 63-64, 65, 77

location of injury occurrence, 63-64

nature of injury, 62-63

recommendations, 3

training, 3, 64, 71

Cohort studies, 6, 102, 103

Committee on Injury Prevention and Control, charge to, 20, 30, 37

Community Integrated Service Systems (CISS), 231, 233

Computer models of injury, 98

Conferences, 31, 192, 251

Constituency building, 199-200

Consumer Product Safety Act, 21, 212, 216

Amendments of 1981, 213

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

achievements, 215-217

hotline, 212

mission and focus, 206, 212

public education, 214-215

recommended role, 3-4, 11, 13, 16, 217, 247, 249, 252, 261

regulatory activities, 21, 126, 207, 213

research, 11, 93, 214, 216-217, 246, 247

resources and structure, 212-213

standards development, 207, 213-214

surveillance activities, 3-4, 13, 67, 70, 7, 79, 125, 213-214, 216 , 252, 261

training role, 249

Controversies

advocacy by researchers, 36

boundaries of injury field, 25

federal priority-setting role, 35-36, 266-267

firearms-related, 131-132

motor vehicle safety, 121-123

paternalistic interventions, 34-35

Cooperative Compliance Program, 223

Cost-benefit analysis of preventive interventions, 33, 220, 222

Costs of injury.

See also Years of potential life lost

direct, 1 n.1, 18 n.1, 41 n.1, 55, 157, 158

economic, 41, 53, 54, 55, 56-57, 97, 154, 156-159

estimates, 1, 18, 41 n.1, 54

fatalities, 55

friction cost method, 56

human capital (cost-of-illness) method, 54-55, 56, 57

indirect, 1 n.1, 18 n.1, 41 n.1, 55, 56

occupational injuries, 48, 226

outcomes and, 157

quality of life, 53, 56, 57-58

revealed-preference method, 56

stated-preference method, 56

total lifetime, 55

trauma care, 9, 154, 156-159, 168

unreimbursed, 157

willingness-to-pay method, 56-57

worker productivity, 158

Counseling, injury prevention, 191, 196-197

Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN), 32

Crash Outcome Data Evaluation Systems (CODES), 78

Criminal Justice Periodical Index, 105

Criminal justice system, violence prevention, 88-89

Criminology, 89, 130

Cutting and piercing injuries, 45, 49, 52


Data Elements for Emergency Department Systems (DEEDS), 77, 147

Databases, 105-106.

See also Surveillance systems;

individual databases and systems

Death certificate data, 65, 78

Death review teams, 75, 184

Deaths. See Cause of injury; Mortality

Demonstrating Your Program's Worth, 198

Department of Agriculture, 206

Department of Commerce, 206

Department of Defense, 206

Department of Education, 195, 206

Department of Energy, 206

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 8, 68, 69, 88, 90, 134, 148, 206, 239, 243, 253

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Division of Child and Maternal Health, 21

Department of Housing and Urban Development, 207, 239

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Department of Justice, 4, 8, 71, 74, 126, 128, 134, 207, 235, 237, 238, 239

Department of Labor, 207, 217, 218, 221

Department of the Interior, 223

Department of the Treasury, 207

Department of Transportation, 207, 239

Department of Veterans Affairs, 207

Disability-adjusted life year (DALY), 57-58

Domestic Violence Offenders Gun Ban, 127

Driver education and licensing, 118, 119, 120, 123, 161

Driver/occupant safety, 21.

See also Highway safety;

Motor vehicle safety

airbags and, 61, 75, 91, 123, 208

antilock brakes, 123

Blood alcohol level laws, 35, 36, 103, 209

center high-mounted brake lights, 93, 119

child safety restraints, 91-92, 95, 119, 120, 179, 190

crash testing, 98, 184

enforcement of mandatory requirements, 122, 123

grassroots organizations, 21, 120, 184

minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 72, 117-118, 123, 200

motorcycle helmet laws, 34, 78, 84-85, 92, 120, 122, 209

safety-belt use laws, 34-35, 78, 91-92, 95, 119, 120, 122, 123, 209 , 259

speed limit, national maximum, 46 n.3, 82, 120, 121, 123

zero-tolerance laws, 36

Drownings, 45, 48, 52, 76, 193

Drug Abuse Warning Network, 69

Drunk driving.

See also Alcohol use injuries, 46-47, 91, 92, 94-95


E codes, 63-64, 70, 147, 187, 191

Ecologic study design, 103

Educating Professionals in Injury Control series, 196

Education and Research Centers (ERCs), 194, 196, 225, 227

Education Development Center (Newton, Mass.), 232

Education interventions, 3, 32.

See also Training

child safety seats, 179

firearm injuries, 134

focus of, 180

funding, 197 n.3, 241

helmet use, 85, 241

of legislators and political leaders, 199-200

occupational safety, 225, 226-227

research, 240

state and community initiatives, 179, 180, 185, 190, 191, 199, 200

techniques, 199

traffic safety, 85, 92

violence prevention, 85, 197 n.3

Elderly people.

See also Age

cause of injury deaths, 52, 245

trauma care for, 143, 168, 245

Emergency department (ED) visits, 41, 48-49, 51-52, 165

costs, 55

number, 1, 18

surveillance systems, 70, 71, 77-78, 147, 187, 209, 213

Emergency medical services.

See also Trauma care systems

cost containment, 166-167

curriculum development, 196

elderly, 143

funding, 182

helicopter medical transport, 158

infrastructure, 182

legislation, 142, 143, 144

levels of providers, 140

paramedic, 158

pediatric, 142

prehospital, 140, 152, 157, 158

research by, 119, 120

rural, 141-142

training, 145-146

Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMS-C) Program, 13, 142, 144, 160, 231, 233-234, 252

Emergency Medical Services Systems Act of 1973, 143, 144

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1985, 164

Emergency Nurses Association, 146

Emergency nursing, 146

Emotional sequelae, 27

Enforcement of mandatory requirements, 7, 122, 123, 126, 133, 134, 190, 220-221, 222

Environmental interventions, 26, 33, 84

Epidemiology, injury, 32

childhood, 142

literature, 105

research, 101-103, 128, 130, 211-212, 224

surveillance systems, 76, 77-78

EuroQol, 57

Evaluation of interventions, 3, 24, 60

behavioral research, 101

child safety, 233

factors considered, 90-91

funding for, 189, 233, 238, 242, 243, 252

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

guidelines for, 198, 209

methodological problems, 88, 151

motor vehicle safety, 5, 97, 120, 209

occupational safety, 226

outcome measures, 101, 150-152

process, 95

product, 93

studies, 87, 198

support for, 5, 106, 120, 197, 226, 243

surveillance systems for, 74-75

technical assistance for, 197

trauma systems, 9, 146-147, 148, 149, 150-152, 154-156, 168

violence prevention, 235, 237, 238


Falls

age and, 52, 245

mortality rates, 45, 46, 48, 52, 245

nonfatal, 49

prevention, 94

research, 84, 85, 87, 245

years potential life lost, 53

Fatal intentional injury surveillance system, 72-74, 79

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 4, 68, 72, 79, 117, 209

Federal Aviation Administration, 207

Federal Bureau of Investigation, 67, 72, 125

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 207

Federal Hazardous Substances Act, 212 n.6

Federal Highway Administration, 68, 118, 119, 207, 208

Federal Railroad Administration, 207, 211

Federal response.

See also individual departments and agencies

agencies involved in injury field, 11-12, 206-207

coordination and leadership role, 12-13, 251-253, 260-262

interagency collaboration, 12-13, 192, 251-253

priority-setting role, 35-36, 200

private-sector partnerships, 260

state infrastructure building, 10, 189, 191, 201

technical assistance to states, 10, 197, 201

training of injury prevention practitioners, 194-195, 197

trauma systems support, 8, 9, 147, 149, 159-161, 168

Federal Transit Administration, 207

Financing/funding

construction, tied to highway safety, 36, 118, 123

education, 197 n.3

evaluation research, 189

federal sources, 8, 10, 18, 19, 103-105, 106, 119, 130, 148, 160, 189

infrastructure building, 10, 189, 201

patient care, 161-163

private-sector sources, 179, 184

research, 7, 8, 18, 19, 103-105, 106, 119, 104, 130, 148

state and community sources, 10, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 188-190, 201

for training, 6, 103-105, 106, 196

trauma care systems, 9, 138, 143, 149, 159-163, 167, 168

violence prevention programs, 235

Fire and burn injuries, 45, 48, 52

mortality rates, 259

prevention, 61, 75, 84, 87, 93, 217, 226-227, 228-229

research accomplishments, 84, 85, 87, 228-229

surveillance data, 75, 189

Fire Prevention Week, 185

Fire safety, 182, 185

Firearm Owner Protection Act, 127

Firearm-related injuries, 89

access issue, 7, 132, 133

age and, 47, 52, 100, 124

child and adolescent vulnerability, 7-8, 132-133, 134

controversies, 131-132

enforcement of regulations, 133

federal role, 7, 130, 134-135

gender and, 47

homicides, 45, 47, 48, 73

individual freedom issue, 7, 131

instrumentality issue, 131

measures of exposure, 129

mortality rates, 7, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 103, 115, 124, 132

prevention, 2, 7-8, 24, 86, 89, 126-128, 130, 132-134

recommendations, 7, 8, 131, 134

research, 7, 128-130, 134, 243, 247

state and local programs, 130

suicides, 8, 45, 47, 48, 73, 86

surveillance systems, 7, 71, 73, 125-126, 128, 134, 187, 241

treatment, 129

trends, 46, 124

unintentional, 8, 124, 125, 129, 132

Firearms

design interventions, 129, 133

illegal commerce, 128, 132

number in circulation, 7, 132

regulation and legislation, 7, 126-128, 132, 134

safety and performance standards, 126

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

First National Conference on Injury Control, 31

Flammability standards, 87, 93

Flammable Fabrics Act, 212

Functional Independence Measure, 155

Future of Public Health report, 199


Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association, 185

Gender

and deaths from injuries, 49-50

and emergency department visits, 51-52

and firearm-related suicides, 47

and hospitalizations, 50-51, 52

and occupational injuries, 53

patterns of injury by, 49-52, 53

and poisonings, 48, 52

General Accounting Office, 214, 216, 220

General Health Status Measure Short Form-36, 155

Glasgow Coma Scale, 151, 153

Government Performance and Results Act, 218-219

Governor's Highway Safety Program, 120, 189

Grassroots organizations, 180, 200, 214.

See also individual organizations

Gun Control Act, 127

Guns. See Firearm-related injuries


Haddon matrix, 22, 23, 29, 33, 117

Handgun access laws, 35

Harlem Hospital Injury Prevention Program, 85-86

Harlem Hospital Pediatric Trauma Registry, 85

Head injury, 97, 153, 155, 158, 241.

See also Brain and spinal cord injury

Head Injury Criterion (HIC), 97

Helicopter medical transport, 158

Health Care Cost and Utilization Project, 65, 69

Health Care Financing Administration, 68

Health insurance, private, 162, 163, 164, 165

Health-related quality of life measures, 154-155, 156

Health Resources and Services Administration, 9, 13, 77, 120, 160, 167, 185, 189, 206, 230, 234, 247 n.17, 252, 261

Health Services, Preventive Health Services, and Home and Community-Based Services Act, 144

Health-state classification system, 57

Health status measures, 154-155, 156

Health Utilities Index, 57

Healthy People 2000 goals, 200

High-risk groups, targeting interventions to, 92, 100, 133

Highway Loss Data Institute, 184

Highway safety

construction funding tied to, 36, 118, 123

engineered safety features, 94, 118

legislation, 21, 118, 120, 144, 145, 179

strategic planning, 187

Highway Safety Act, 21, 118, 120, 144, 145, 159, 208, 209

Homicide Research Working Group, 130

Homicides, 24

age and, 47, 124

domestic violence, 128

firearm-related, 45, 47, 48, 73, 128, 132

race/ethnicity and, 50

rates, 45, 46, 88

socioeconomic environment and, 94

surveillance systems, 4, 72, 73, 74, 125

workplace, 53, 227

Hospitalizations, 1, 18, 41, 48, 49

costs of, 55

lengths of stay, 150, 154, 158, 165-166

number of, 143

patterns of injury, 50-51, 52

readmissions, 77

surveillance systems, 65, 66, 75-76, 77-78

transfers, 166


IDEA program, 211

Indian Health Service, 68, 194, 195, 206

Industrial safety, 21

Information systems. See Surveillance systems; specific networks and databases

Injury and Violence Prevention Program, 231

Injury control.

See also Injury field

defined, 29-30

Injury Control Research Centers, 2, 6, 19-20, 24, 31, 103, 148, 195 , 196, 240-241, 243, 244-245

Injury Control Act of 1990, 12, 239-240, 251

Injury Control report, 2, 20, 30, 104, 195, 248

Injury field

accomplishments, 13-14, 258-259

adjacent fields, 32

barriers to growth, 30, 194

boundaries, 2-3, 23-24, 25, 27

challenges, 15, 32, 198-199, 259

coordination and collaboration in, 2, 6, 31-32, 79, 89, 130, 150, 223, 239, 259, 260-262

core disciplines, 30

databases, 105-106

development of, 2, 30-36

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

integration of methods and perspectives, 2, 259, 264-265

investment priorities, 2-3

mission, 2-3, 23-27, 30, 33, 264-265

organization of report, 36-37

origins, 20-22, 284-295

policy making, informed, 266-268

public health perspective, 22, 23, 33, 260

public support for, 259, 265-266

scientific communication, 265

study background, 18-20

timeline, 284-295

vocabulary, 28-30

Injury in America report, 2, 12, 13, 19, 23, 24, 30, 104, 194, 239 , 244, 248, 250, 251, 262

Injury Prevention report, 198

Injury science, 21, 22, 26, 32, 266-267

Injury Severity Score (ISS), 153

Institute of Medicine, 1, 2, 19, 20, 227

Institutional National Research Service Awards, 238

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 120, 184

Intelligent transportation systems, 211

Intentional injuries, 23-24.

See also Homicides;

Suicides

defined, 28-29

integration with unintentional injuries, 2, 25-26

prevention, 86-90

research on, 24

Interagency Working Group on Violence Research, 239

International Classification for External Causes of Injuries (ICECI) , 64

International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 3, 28-29, 62-64, 70, 79, 153

International Collaborative Effort for Injury Statistics (ICE), 63

Internet, 105-106

Interventions.

See also Evaluation of interventions

agent, 93

behavioral, 91-92

categories of, 90

biomechanical, 96

development process, 5, 82

effectiveness of, 86, 191

environmental, 94

and health care costs, 163

implementation of programs, 9, 178-180

incentive grants, 242

intentional injuries, 86-95

opportunities for, 22

paternalistic, 33, 34-35

peer training, 92

prevention, 21, 82, 85-86, 90-95

research, 90-95

socioeconomic, 94-95

unintentional injuries, 83-86


John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, 1, 20

Johns Hopkins University, 31, 244

Center for Injury Research and Policy, 194

Journal of Emergency Medical Services, 149

Journals, 31, 149


''Kids Plate" vehicle license tags, 190


Law Enforcement Agency Data, 125

Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 67

Lawnmower performance standards, 215

Learn Not to Burn curriculum, 185

Legislation.

See also individual statutes

highway safety, 21, 118, 120, 144, 145, 179

trauma care, 139-140, 143, 144, 145, 149, 159-161

Lifesavers Conference, 192

Lobbying, 200

Location of injury occurrence, 63-64


Magnitude of injury

cost, 53-58

morbidity, 48-49

mortality rates, 44-48

patterns, 49-53

Maine 2000 program, 221

Major Trauma Outcome Study, 151

Managed care, 150, 162, 163, 164-167, 168, 191

Maternal and Child Health Bureau

accomplishments, 142, 185, 234

Block Grant Program, 189, 231

Community Integrated Service Systems, 231, 233

Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMS-C) Program, 142, 144, 160, 231, 233-234

grants and contracts, 232-234

health performance measures, 191

mission and focus, 206, 230-231

recommended role, 10, 196, 249

resources and structure, 231-232

Special Projects of Regional and National Significance, 231, 232-233

technical assistance, 194

training initiatives, 10, 195, 196, 231, 232, 233, 249

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Traumatic Brain Injury Program, 231

violence prevention program, 90, 194, 195, 231

Medical Examiner and Coroner Alert Project, 213

Medical examiner and coroner data, 4, 5, 48, 73, 75, 77, 78, 209

Medical Examiner and Coroner Information Sharing Program, 73, 74

Medical informatics, 105

Medicaid, 162, 164, 165, 166

Medicare, 162, 164

Mental health, 27, 86, 130

Metropolitan Life Foundation, 197 n.3

Minimum-age drinking laws, 47, 72

Model Trauma Care System Plan, 143, 144, 161

Molecular biology, 32

Monitoring the Future Study, 69

Morbidity, injury-related

coding, 62, 63

costs of, 18

measures of, 152, 154

by nature of injury, 49, 62, 63

overall burden of, 48-49

Mortality, 18.

See also Deaths;

Years of potential life lost

age-related, 41, 42-43, 46-47, 49-50, 84

aviation-related, 96

by cause of death, 42-43, 47, 54

coding of data, 62-63

consumer product-related, 212

firearm-related injuries, 7, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 103, 115, 124, 132 , 259

gender and, 49-50

by manner of death, 45-46, 86

motor vehicle-related, 7, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 94, 95, 115-116, 121 , 123, 141, 259

number, 1, 18, 41, 44-45, 83

occupational injuries, 48, 52, 226, 259

race/ethnicity and, 49-50

sex ratios, 50

socioeconomic environment and, 94

surveillance systems, 65, 66, 67, 72-74

trends, 5, 46-48

Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), 21, 120, 184, 199

Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, 205

Motor vehicle and traffic-related injuries.

See also Driver/occupant safety

age and, 46-47, 52, 100

alcohol-related, 46-47, 91, 92, 94-95

cellular telephones and, 103

controversies, 121-123

evaluation of interventions, 87, 97, 120, 209

hospital lengths of stay, 166

mortality rates, 7, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 94, 95, 115-116, 121, 123, 141, 179, 259

nonfatal, 49

number, 24

occupational, 52-53

perceptions of risk and, 100-101, 122

prevention, 6, 7, 84, 85-86, 87, 91-92, 93, 94-95, 99-100, 116-120 , 191

public support for safety, 120

race/ethnicity and, 50

regulation and legislation, 118-119

research, 6, 83, 84, 99-100, 119-120, 123, 208, 243, 247

socioeconomic conditions and, 94

speed limit and, 46 n.3, 82, 119

state and local programs, 120, 209

surveillance data, 4, 65, 68, 71, 72, 78, 117-118

trends, 46

Motor vehicle safety

design mismatches, 123

inspections, 119

literature, 105

organizations, 184

research, 208

standards, 21, 118, 205

Motorcycle

headlights, 121

helmet laws, 34, 78, 84-85, 92, 120, 122, 209


National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), 63, 65, 66

National Association of EMS Physicians, 146

National Automotive Sampling System (NASS), 68, 69, 72, 117, 209

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , 206

National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), 4, 73, 206

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 4, 62, 65, 66, 67, 125

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)

accomplishments, 243-247, 250

Basic Injury Program Development, 250

cooperative agreements, 240, 241-242, 249-250

educational activities, 240, 241, 243

evaluation research, 120, 197-198, 242, 243, 252

extramural research, 243-244, 245, 247

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Injury Control Research Centers, 2, 6, 19-20, 24, 31, 103, 148, 195 , 196, 240-241, 243, 244-245, 249

mission and focus, 206, 240

nurturing role, 12, 250-251

origins, 239-240

priority areas for research, 12, 242, 245-248, 268

recommended role, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12-13, 16, 104-105, 167, 190, 196, 245-249, 250-251, 252, 261-262

research grants, 240-241, 243-247

resources and structure, 240

state and community infrastructure building, 12, 128, 181, 188, 189 , 190, 241, 242, 249-250, 251

suicide prevention, 246, 252, 262

surveillance activities, 4, 13, 70, 71, 147, 148, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 249, 252

technical assistance, 10, 12, 188, 197, 241, 249

training activities, 6, 10, 12, 104-105, 195, 196, 240, 241, 243, 244, 248-249, 262

trauma systems research, 9, 77, 120, 147, 148, 167, 247 n.17

violence prevention, 90, 128, 195, 236, 238, 246, 247-248, 252

National Center for Maternal and Child Health, 232

National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, 206, 228

National Center for Statistics and Analysis, 209

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), 68

National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety, 197

National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, 63

National Consortium on Violence Research, 128, 130, 239

National Council on Accident Prevention, 19

National Crime Victimization Survey, 66, 72, 88, 125

National Criminal Justice Reference Service, 105

National Directory of Injury Prevention Professionals, 31

National Drive Safely@Work Week, 209

National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), 3-4, 67, 70, 71, 79, 125, 213-214, 216, 261

National Farm Medicine Center, 227

National Fire Administration, 69

National Fire Code, 185

National Fire Incident Reporting System, 69

National Fire Protection Association, 185

National Firearms Act, 127

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 63, 65, 66, 70

National Highway Safety Act of 1995, 36

National Highway Safety Bureau, 21, 118, 205

National Highway System Designation Act of 1995, 121 n.1

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

achievements, 47, 209-212

child safety initiatives, 12, 185, 233, 252

collaborative programs, 192

mission and focus, 21, 118, 205, 207

recommended role, 6, 10, 13, 16, 104, 196, 212, 249, 252, 261, 262

regulatory activities, 205, 207

research, 6, 21, 105, 119, 130, 198, 208, 212, 247

resources and structure, 207-208

Safe Communities program, 193

Special Crash Investigation (SCI) program, 61

Section 402 grants, 189, 208

surveillance systems, 4, 32, 69, 71, 73, 78, 209, 212

training activities, 6, 10, 194, 196, 212, 249, 262

trauma systems development, 13, 142, 145, 147, 148, 160, 188

workshops, 194

National Highway Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, 118

National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), 63, 65

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), 65, 66, 157

National Incident-Based Reporting System, 67

National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect, 68

National Injury and Violence Prevention Resource Center, 194, 197

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

accomplishments, 219, 225-226

educational activities, 198, 225, 226-227

mission and focus, 206, 218, 223, 261

motor vehicle safety research, 120

recommended role, 6, 10, 11, 16, 196, 226-227, 249, 252, 261

research priority setting, 11, 224, 225-226, 268

resources and structure, 223-224, 240

surveillance activities, 67, 223-224, 226

technical assistance, 197

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

training grants, 6, 10, 103-104, 194, 196, 224-225, 249, 262

violence prevention, 128, 227

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases , 206

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 142, 206 , 215, 228

National Institute of General Medical Sciences, 11, 16, 206, 228-230 , 261

National Institute of Justice (NIJ)

accomplishments, 237-238

evaluation of programs, 237, 238

mission and focus, 207, 235

recommended role, 4, 11, 16, 73, 238-239, 252, 261-262

research, 235, 236-237, 238, 246

resources and structure, 235-236

technical assistance, 236

training activities, 11, 235, 237, 238

surveillance system, 4, 73, 74, 125

National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers, 235

National Institute of Mental Health, 90, 128, 206, 246, 252, 262

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 206, 228

National Institute of Standards and Technology, 206

National Institute on Aging, 119, 206

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 90, 119-120, 206

National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 142, 147, 206

National Institute on Drug Abuse, 69, 90, 206

National Institute on Trauma, 19

National Institutes of Health

accomplishments, 229-230

center-based research, 244

grant process, 240, 242

institutional training grants, 238

mission and focus, 206, 227

recommended role, 11, 19, 227, 230, 261, 263, 267-268

resources, 228

trauma research, 11, 148, 226, 227, 230

training, 11, 104, 228-229, 230, 262

violence prevention, 238

National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE database, 105

National Mortality Followback Survey, 66

National Occupant Protection Use Survey, 69

National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA), 11, 224, 225-226, 247 , 268

National Pediatric Trauma Registry, 142

National Personal Transportation Survey, 68

National Program for Playground Safety, 197

National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians, 145

National Research Council, 145

Transportation Research Board, 211

National SAFE KIDS campaign, 179, 185, 190, 193, 199

National Safety Council, 21, 185

National Science Foundation, 128, 207, 239

National Suicide Prevention Conference, 88

National Technical Information Service, 105

National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, 205

National Transportation Safety Board, 207

National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), 76, 147

National Traumatic Occupational Fatality Surveillance System, 67, 72

National Vital Statistics System, 65, 67, 117

Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, 68

Nature of injury

coding, 62-63

morbidity trends, 49

surveillance systems, 64

Network of Employers for Traffic Safety, 209

New Injury Severity Score, 153

9-1-1 systems, 138, 140, 149, 165

Nonprofit organizations, 180, 184-185, 199-200.

See also individual organizations

Northern Manhattan Injury Surveillance System, 85, 86


Occupational injuries

costs, 48, 226

high-risk occupations, 53

mortality rates, 48, 52, 226, 259

patterns of, 52-53

prevention, 91

research, 103-104

surveillance systems, 4, 60, 64, 66, 71, 72

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 21, 217-218, 219, 221, 223, 261

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

See also National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

accomplishments, 222-223

enforcement activities, 220-221, 222

mission and focus, 21, 207, 218, 261

outcome studies of regulation, 222-223

reforms, 218-219, 223

regulatory activities, 218, 219-220, 222

research priority setting, 226

resources and structure, 217-218, 219

state programs, 182, 218

surveillance activities, 218, 221-222

technical assistance from, 219

training activities, 222

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Office of Justice Programs, 90, 128, 130, 207, 234-235.

See also National Institute of Justice

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 195, 207

Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools, 195

Office of Technology Assessment, 220

Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1968, 235

Osteoarthritis, 99, 245

Outcomes

and costs, 157

managed care and, 165, 166

measures of effectiveness, 101, 149, 154-156

modeling, 154

nonfatal, measures of, 154-156

of occupational safety regulation, 222

prediction of, 152-154

surveillance systems, 76

trauma systems, 149, 150-156, 161, 165, 166, 261


Passive protection, 33, 121-122

Pathophysiology, 6, 99

Patient care, financing, 161-163

Patient-oriented measures of health status, 155

Patient risk factors, 156

Patterns of injury

by age, 49-52

by cause, 52

by gender, 49-52

occupational, 52-53

by race/ethnicity, 49-52

Pew Charitable Trust, 196

Physical environments, engineered safety features, 94

Playground safety, 85, 232, 241

Poison control centers, 21, 78, 84, 183, 193

Poisoning Prevention Packaging Act of 1970, 84, 212 n.6

Poisonings

age and, 48, 52

gender and, 52

mortality rates, 45, 46, 48, 84

nonfatal, 49

research, 84, 85, 245

surveillance systems, 76, 84

Police reports, 4, 65, 73, 78, 187, 209

Prevention of injury.

See also Interventions;

Research on prevention

accident prevention distinguished from, 24

Accidental Death and Disability recommendations, 18

barriers to, 104

core program elements, 181

cost-benefit analysis, 33

defined, 29, 30

federal role in, 35-36

firearm-related, 2, 7-8, 24, 86, 89, 126-128, 130, 132-134

integration into existing programs, 191

intentional injury, 25-26, 86-90

literature, 105-106

managed care and, 165

model programs, 85-86

pediatric programs, 142

public health role, 23

social action, 21, 26

state programs, 21

trauma systems role, 146-147

treatment linked to, 31-32, 146-147

Privacy and confidentiality issues, 76, 78, 187

Private-sector organizations, 179, 180, 260

Product safety.

See also Consumer Product Safety Commission

corporate role, 180, 214

deaths, 212

design interventions, 26, 93

regulations and legislation, 34, 212 n.6

research, 214, 216-217

surveillance systems, 3, 67, 70, 213-214, 216

Professional organizations, 179, 180, 186, 265.

See also individual organizations

Psychological trauma, 27

Public awareness, raising, 178, 180, 198-199, 201, 259

Public education. See Education interventions

Public health departments

funding of injury prevention, 7, 104, 183

perspective on injury prevention, 22, 23, 24, 33, 260

program placement, 181

state infrastructure strengthening, 181-191

on violence prevention, 26, 89

Public support

for motor vehicle safety, 120, 122, 133

for firearm safety, 133-134

nurturing, in injury field, 259, 265-266


Qualitative research, 101

Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), 57

Quality of life

costs of injury, 53, 56, 57-58

measures of, 57, 154

and suicide, 86

Quality of Well-Being Scale, 57, 155


Race and ethnicity

and deaths from injuries, 50

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

and emergency department visits, 51-52

and hospitalizations, 50-51

patterns of injury by, 49-52

Rand Health Insurance Measures for Child Health Status, 155

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 6, 102, 103

Recommendations

of Accidental Death and Disability, 18-19

coding, 3, 15, 64

fatal intentional injury surveillance system, 4-5, 15, 73-74

federal role, 6, 10, 11-12, 16, 104, 196, 212, 217, 226-227, 230, 238, 245-249, 250

firearm-related injuries, 7, 8, 15, 131, 134

of Injury Control, 104, 195

of Injury in America, 12, 19-20, 104, 251

occupational injuries, 11, 16, 226-227

outcomes research, 9, 15, 161, 167

research on prevention, 6-7, 15, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104-105, 212, 217, 226-227, 247-248

state infrastructure building, 10, 16, 190, 196, 250

summary of, 15-16

surveillance systems, 3, 4-5, 15, 64, 71-72, 73-74, 212

technical assistance, 10

training, 3, 10, 15, 16, 64, 104-105, 196, 212, 230, 238

trauma care systems, 8-9, 15, 161, 167, 230

violence prevention, 11, 12, 16, 238, 248

Recreational activities, injury prevention, 85-86, 106, 244, 245-246 , 247-248, 264

Refrigerator Safety Act, 212 n.5

Regulation

child-resistant packaging, 93

cost-benefit balancing, 222

firearm safety, 7, 126-128, 132, 134

flammability standards, 87, 93

motor vehicle safety, 118-119

occupational health and safety, 218, 219-220, 222

paternalism controversy, 33, 34-35

water heater temperatures, 87

Rehabilitation, 9, 29, 30, 140, 150, 152, 155, 157, 158, 161, 165, 167, 184, 228, 240, 243

Remediation of injuries, 23

Remove Intoxicated Drivers (RID), 21, 120

Research on prevention.

See also Evaluation of interventions;

individual disciplines

Accidental Death and Disability recommendations, 18

accomplishments, 5, 82, 83-95

animal experiments, 97, 98

on assaultive injuries, 24, 129

behavioral, 91-92

bias, 36, 102

cadaver use, 97, 98

capacity building, 2, 259, 262-264

centers, 2, 6, 19-20, 103, 148, 195, 240-241, 243, 244-245

challenges in, 6, 83, 88, 93, 95, 97

childhood injury, 142

collaborative approach, 238-239

communicating results, 105-106, 198, 201, 265

cost-effectiveness, 104, 159

extramural, 6, 104, 148, 208, 211, 212, 223, 226, 228, 230, 235, 236, 238, 240, 243-244, 245, 263

federal funding, 8, 14, 18, 19, 103-105, 106, 130, 148, 208, 210-212 , 240, 243

firearm injuries, 7, 128-130, 134, 243, 247

Injury in America recommendations, 19-20

investigator-initiated, 104, 142, 208, 211, 224, 226, 228, 236, 240 , 243, 245, 247, 262-263

motor vehicle safety, 6, 21, 83, 84, 99-100, 119-120, 123, 208, 210 -212, 243, 247

multidisciplinary nature of, 5, 7, 95-103, 119, 129-130, 134, 198, 224-225, 230

occupational safety and health, 223-226

opportunities, 95-106, 123

organization of researchers, 106

peer review of, 6, 104, 105, 211, 224, 228, 236, 240, 244

priority setting, 224, 225-226, 242, 245-248, 262, 267-268

product safety, 214, 216-217

qualitative, 101

recommendations, 6, 7, 14, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104-105, 212, 226, 230 , 247-248

rehabilitation, 228

state and community sponsorship of, 180, 185

training for, 6, 103-105, 106, 212, 230, 238, 243, 262

trauma care, 8, 9, 19, 119, 120, 129, 148, 149, 150-156, 159, 168, 224, 226, 227, 230, 245, 247 n.17

validation, 98

violence prevention, 235, 236-237, 238, 239

Residential injury prevention, 21, 244, 245-246, 247-248, 264

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Resource libraries, 198

Revised Trauma Score (RTS), 153, 154

Risk

analysis, 34, 85

factors, patient, 156

perception, 100-101, 122, 215

regulation, 34

significant, 220

Risk-taking behavior, 34

age and, 100

identification of, 101-102

monitoring, 67

perception of risk and, 6, 100-101, 122, 215

response to safety improvements, 100-101, 122, 215

research on, 120, 243

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1, 20

Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (England), 21


Safe America Conference, 31

Safe Communities program, 193, 209

Safety-belt use laws, 34-35, 78, 91-92, 120, 122, 123, 209

Safety innovation, 23

Scaling multiple injuries, 151, 152-154

Self-inflicted injuries, 29.

See also Suicides

Self-protection, 92, 122

Severity Index, 97

Sheppard-Towner Act of 1922, 231

Sickness Impact Profile, 155

SIDS Alliance, 215

Skylights, 60

Smoke detectors/alarms, 61, 84, 87, 91, 189, 242

Snell Memorial Foundation, 185

Social Security Act, Title V, 231

Society of Automotive Engineers databases, 105

Society of Trauma Nurses, 146

Socioeconomic environments, 94-95

Space heaters, unvented, 215

Special Crash Investigation (SCI) program, 61

Special Projects of Regional and National Significance, 231, 232-233

Speed limit, national maximum, 46 n.3, 82, 120, 121, 123

Sport-utility vehicles, 123

Sports injuries, 87, 185

State and Community-Based Injury Control Programs, 242 n.15

State and Community Formula Grant Program, 208

State and Community Highway Safety Grant Program, 120

State and Territorial Injury Prevention Directors' Association (STIPDA) , 10, 77, 181, 188, 190, 196

State and community response

advocacy, 180, 185, 199-201

agencies and organizations, 180, 182-183

barriers to, 9-10, 186, 194

coalition building, 185, 190, 192, 193, 201

collaboration, 191-193, 201

educational, 179, 180, 185, 190, 192, 197 n.3, 199, 200, 201, 225

evaluation of programs, 197-198, 209

federal role, 10, 189, 191, 192, 194, 197, 200, 201, 241

firearm regulation, 127-128, 130

funding for programs, 10, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 184, 186, 188-190 , 196, 198, 201, 209, 232-234, 241, 242

grassroots organizations, 180, 193, 200

implementation of programs, 9, 178-180, 197

injury prevention programs, 21, 118, 120, 130, 181, 187-188, 191, 192, 209, 241

motor vehicle accident related programs, 120, 209

nonprofit organizations, 180, 184-185, 199-200

occupational safety and health programs, 218

private-sector organizations, 179, 180, 185

professional organizations, 179, 180, 186

public awareness, raising, 178, 180, 198-199, 201

public health infrastructure, 181-191, 242, 249-250, 264

recommendations, 10, 190, 196

research sponsorship, 180, 185, 198, 209

strategic planning, 10, 187-188

surveillance systems, 3, 61, 74-78, 85, 117, 125, 128, 147, 187, 189

technical assistance, 10, 179, 187, 188, 190, 194, 197, 201, 209, 241

training, 10, 179, 185, 191, 194-197, 201

trauma systems management, 8, 143-145, 147, 149

Steps to Prevent Firearm Injury (STOP) Program, 196-197

Substance abuse, and violence, 89, 130.

See also Alcohol use

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 69, 206

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, 215

Suffocation, 45, 46, 48, 52, 53, 76, 85, 87, 214, 215

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

Suicides

age and, 47, 86, 124

carbon monoxide and, 87-88

clusters, 87, 88

firearm-related, 8, 45, 47, 48, 73, 86, 132

gender and, 47

magnitude of, 58

mortality rates, 45, 86, 259

prevention, 24, 26, 86-88, 106, 191, 246, 247-248, 252

race/ethnicity and, 50

research, 88, 101, 106, 246, 247-248

risk factors, 86, 94, 246

surveillance systems, 4, 72, 73, 74, 125, 246

trends, 46, 58

Surveillance systems, 3.

See also specific systems

coding issues, 62-64, 147-148, 187

defined, 60

evaluation of, 71, 72

fire and burn injuries, 75, 189

firearm-related injuries, 7, 71, 73, 125-126, 134, 187, 189

funding, 187, 241, 242, 245, 249, 259

intentional injury data, 4, 72-74, 79

intentionality issue, 25-26

limitations, 3, 70, 74, 75, 76

linkages between, 70, 77, 78, 79, 105-106, 117, 147-148, 239

motor vehicle injuries, 4, 65, 68, 71, 72, 78, 117-118

national data sources, 3, 61, 64-74

needs, 3-5, 61-62, 76, 78-79, 125-126

occupational injuries, 53, 66, 72, 218, 221-222, 223-224

privacy and confidentiality issues, 76, 78, 187

product-related injuries, 3, 67, 70, 213-214, 216

quality of data, 3, 76

recommendations, 3, 4, 62, 71-72, 73

research on, 226, 243, 259

software, 77, 78

state and local data sources, 3, 61, 74-78, 85, 117, 125, 128, 147 , 187, 189

structure of database, 64

technical assistance, 187

trauma care, 147-148, 149, 187, 189

uniform data sets, 3, 75, 77-78, 147, 148

uses, 3, 4, 60-62, 70, 72, 74-75, 76, 83, 85, 117-118, 125, 266

Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, 66, 72, 221


Technical assistance, 10, 179, 187, 188, 190, 194, 197, 201, 209, 219, 241, 249

Terminology, 28-30

The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP), 196

Timeline, 284-295

Time-series study designs, 103

Tolerance to injury, 96-97, 119

Toy Manufacturers of America, 185

Toy standards, 217

Training

burn program, 228-229, 262

coding, 3, 64, 71

funding for, 6, 103-105, 106, 224-225, 241, 243, 248-249, 262

health care professionals, 196-197, 226, 241

injury prevention practitioners, 10, 179, 185, 201, 243, 262

interdisciplinary model, 195

occupational safety, 222, 224-225

peer, 92

recommendations, 3, 10, 64, 104-105, 196, 248-249, 262

of researchers, 6, 103-105, 106, 211-212, 238, 240, 248-249, 243, 262

trauma-care providers, 145-147, 191, 228-229, 243, 262

violence prevention, 195, 235, 237, 238

Transportation Research Information Services, 105

Trauma and Injury Severity Score, 151, 154

Trauma care systems.

See also Acute care;

Emergency department visits;

Emergency medical services;

Rehabilitation

case mix, 152-154

components, 8, 139, 140, 167-168

computer applications in, 105

cost-effectiveness, 9, 158-159, 168

costs of, 9, 154, 156-159, 168

criteria to identify, 150

evaluation of effectiveness of, 9, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150-152, 154 -156

exclusive, 139

federal support for, 8, 147, 149, 159-161, 168, 188, 261

financing of, 9, 138, 143, 149, 159-163, 167, 168

growth in, 138, 145, 148-150

inclusive, 139-140

injury severity, 152-154

legislation, 139-140, 143, 144, 145, 149, 159-161

limits on number of centers, 144-145, 149

managed care and, 150, 162, 163, 164-167, 168

management, 139, 143-145

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
×

outcomes of, 9, 149, 150-156, 161, 165, 166, 168, 261

overview of, 139-146

patient-care financing, 161-163

pediatric, 142

personnel, 145-146

prevention role, 146-147

recommendations, 8-9, 161, 167

research, 8, 9, 19, 119, 120, 129, 148, 149, 150-156, 159, 168, 244 , 247 n.17

special populations, 142-143, 168, 245

state and regional agencies, 8, 143-145, 147, 149

state support for, 149, 159-161

surveillance systems, 147-148, 149

training, 145-147

unreimbursed care, 157, 162, 166

utilization measures, 165

volume of patients, 144-145

Trauma Care Systems Planning and Development Act, 139-140, 143, 144, 149, 160, 161

Trauma centers, 140, 141-142, 144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 157, 163

Trauma Foundation, Injury and Violence Prevention Library, 198

Trauma registries, 75-77, 79, 85, 142, 144, 147, 149, 151, 155-156

Traumatic Brain Injury Program, 231

Treatment of injuries, 29.

See also Trauma care systems

costs, 55, 154

prevention linked to, 31-32

research on, 99, 104

surveillance systems, 76

training, 104

Triage, 140, 151, 159, 166-167


Understanding Violence Against Women report, 236

Undetectable Firearms Act, 127

Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) System, 72, 125

Uniform data sets, 147, 148

Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, 147

Uniform hospital discharge data, 3, 75, 77-78, 187, 209

Unintentional injuries, 28-29

deaths, 83

research accomplishments, 83-86, 87

University of North Carolina Injury Prevention Research Center, 195

U.S. Coast Guard, 207

U.S. Fire Administration, 185, 207

U.S. Public Health Service Act, 227, 233

U.S. Surgeon General, 88

Workshop on Violence and Public Health, 89


Vehicle Research Center, 184

Vermont Healthy Vermonters 2000 program, 192

Violence.

See also Assaultive injuries;

Homicides

against women, 236-237, 238-239

defined, 25 n.2

domestic, 75, 88, 128, 191, 232, 237, 239

evaluation of programs, 235

magnitude of, 58

prevention, 2, 24-25, 26-27, 85-86, 88-90, 94, 106, 184, 191, 195, 196-197, 232, 235, 238, 246, 247-248, 252

public health perspective, 89

research, 101, 106, 128, 130, 235, 246, 247-248

risk factors, 89, 94, 95, 128

surveillance systems, 66, 67, 72

workplace, 128

Violence Against Women Act of 1994, 236

Violence in Families report, 90, 237

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 89, 127, 234 , 235, 246

Vital statistics system, 65, 67, 75, 77, 125, 209

Voluntary Protection Program, 221


Walsh-Healy Act of 1936, 218

War Revenue Act, 127

Whiplash, 97-98

Whitaker Foundation, 185

W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 1, 20, 21

Worker safety, 21, 180, 225, 226-227.

See also Occupational injuries

Workers' compensation, 91, 158, 162, 163

World Bank, 57

World Conference on Injury Prevention and Control, 64

World Health Organization, 57, 62.

See also International Classification of Diseases

Working Group on Injury Surveillance Methodology, 64


Years of potential life lost (YPLL), 1

by cause of death, 53, 54, 263

research investment relative to, 18, 19

Young Worker Community-Based Health Education Project, 225

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 67


Zero-tolerance laws, 36

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6321.
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Reducing the Burden of Injury: Advancing Prevention and Treatment Get This Book
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Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year.

Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including:

  • Data and surveillance needs.
  • Research priorities.
  • Trauma care systems development.
  • Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals.
  • Firearm safety.
  • Coordination among federal agencies.

The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level.

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