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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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References

Allen, Nancy L., James E. Carlson, and Christine A. Zelenak 1998 The 1996 NAEP Technical Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Applebome, Peter 1997 U.S. is seeking more influence over education. New York Times August 31:A1.


Burstein, L., D. Koretz, R. Linn, B. Sugrue, J. Novak, E.L. Baker, and E.L. Harris 1996 Describing performance standards: Validity of the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress achievement-level descriptors as characterizations of mathematics performance. Educational Assessment 3(1):9–51.


Council of Chief State School Officers and MPR Associates, Inc. 1997a Item and Test Specifications for the Voluntary National Test in 8th Grade Mathematics. Recommendations to the National Test Panel. Mathematics Subcommittee, Test Specifications Committee,

1997b Item and Test Specifications for the Voluntary National Test in 4th Grade Reading. Recommendations to the National Test Panel. Reading Subcommittee, Test Specifications Committee, Council of Chief State School Officers, and MPR Associates, Inc., Washington DC.


Linn, Robert L. 1998 Validating inferences from National Assessment of Educational Progress achievement-level setting. Applied Measurement in Education 11(1):23–47.

Linn, Robert L., Daniel M. Koretz, Eva L. Baker, and Leigh Burstein 1991 The Validity and Credibility of the Achievement Levels for the National Assessment of Educational Progress in Mathematics. Los Angeles, CA: Center for the Study of Evaluation, University of California.

Lord, Frederic M., and Melvin R. Novick 1968 Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.


National Academy of Education 1992 Assessing Student Achievement in the States. Robert Glaser, Robert Linn, and George Bohrnstedt, eds. Panel on the Evaluation of the NAEP Trial Assessment. Stanford, CA: National Academy of Education.

1993a Setting Performance Standards for Student Achievement. Robert Glaser, Robert Linn, and George Bohrnstedt, eds. Panel on the Evaluation of the NAEP Trial Assessment. Stanford, CA: National Academy of Education.

1993b The Trial State Assessment: Prospects and Realities. Robert Glaser, Robert Linn, and George Bohrnstedt, eds. Panel on the Evaluation of the NAEP Trial Assessment. Stanford, CA: National Academy of Education.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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1996 Quality and Utility: The 1994 Trial State Assessment in Reading. Robert Glaser, Robert Linn, and George Bohrnstedt, eds. Panel on the Evaluation of the NAEP Trial State Assessment. Stanford, CA: National Academy of Education.

National Assessment Governing Board 1998a Test Specifications Outline: Voluntary National Test in 8th Grade Mathematics. Adopted March 7. National Assessment Governing Board, Washington, DC. Available electronically at http://www.nagb.org

1998b Test Specifications Outline: Voluntary National Test in 4th Grade Reading. Adopted March 7. National Assessment Governing Board, Washington, DC. Available electronically at http://www.nagb.org

1998c Voluntary National Tests: Inclusions and Accommodations for Test Development. Policy statement, draft, July 7. National Assessment Governing Board, Washington, DC.

no date a Mathematics Frameworks for the National Assessment of Educational Progress: 1992–98. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board.

no date b Reading Frameworks for the National Assessment of Educational Progress: 1992–98. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board.

National Research Council 1997 Educating One and All: Students with Disabilities and Standards-Based Reform. Lorraine M. McDonnell, Margaret J. McLaughlin, and Patricia Morison, eds. Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities, Board on Testing and Assessment, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

1998 Letter to Secretary Richard Riley, U.S. Department of Education, and Mark D. Musick, National Assessment Governing Board, from Robert Hauser and Lauress Wise, co-principal investigators, on Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests. Board on Testing and Assessment, National Research Council, Washington, DC, July 16.

1999a Grading the Nation's Report Card: Evaluating NAEP and Transforming the Assessment of Educational Progress. James W. Pellegrino, Lee R. Jones, and Karen J. Mitchell, eds. Committee on the Evaluation of National and State Assessments of Education, Board on Testing and Assessment, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

1999b High-Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation. Jay P. Heubert and Robert B. Hauser, eds. Committee on Appropriate Test Use, Board on Testing and Assessment, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

1999c Uncommon Measures: Equivalence and Linkage Among Educational Tests. Michael J. Feuer, Paul W. Holland, Bert F. Green, Meryl W. Bertenthal, and F. Cadelle Hemphill, eds. Committee on Equivalency and Linkage of Educational Tests, Board on Testing and Assessment, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Resnick, Lauren 1987 Education and Learning to Think. Committee on Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Riley, Richard 1997 Letter to the editor. Washington Post August 30:A26.


Stufflebeam, Daniel L., Richard M. Jaeger, and Michael Scriven 1991 Summative Evaluation of the National Assessment Governing Board's Inaugural 1990–1991 Effort to Set Achievement Levels on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Prepared for the National Assessment Governing Board, August 23.


U.S. General Accounting Office 1993 Educational Achievement Standards: NAGB's Approach Yields Misleading Interpretations. GAO/PEMD-93-12. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.

1998 Student Testing: Issues Related to Voluntary National Mathematics and Reading Tests. GAO/HEHS-98-163, June. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
×
Page 53
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
×
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In his 1997 State of the Union address, President Clinton announced a federal initiative to develop tests of 4th-grade reading and 8th-grade mathematics that would provide reliable information about student performance at two key points in their educational careers. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the Voluntary National Tests (VNT) would create a catalyst for continued school improvement by focusing parental and community-wide attention on achievement and would become new tools to hold school systems accountable for their students' performance. The National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) has responsibility for development of the VNT. Congress recognized that a testing program of the scale and magnitude of the VNT initiative raises many important technical questions and requires quality control throughout development and implementation. In P.L. 105-78, Congress called on the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate a series of technical issues pertaining to the validity of test items, the validity of proposed links between the VNT and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), plans for the accommodation and inclusion of students with disabilities and English-language learners, plans for reporting test information to parents and the public, and potential uses of the tests. This report covers phase 1 of the evaluation (November 1997-July 1998) and focuses on three principal issues: test specifications and frameworks; preliminary evidence of the quality of test items; and plans for the pilot and field test studies, for inclusion and accommodation, and for reporting VNT results.

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